Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bethakasela ososayensi ukuthi i-bog body iyenzeka. Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu athole izidumbu ezingenakubalwa ezilondolozwe izimo ezipholile, ezine-acidic kanye nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kocwaningo olujulile, kuze kube manje abacwaningi banesithombe esiphelele se-bog body phenomenon.
Ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe labavubukuli liye lahlaziya amakhulukhulu ezinsalela zabantu zasendulo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi zaseYurophu, lembula ukuthi lezi “zidumbu” zaziyingxenye yesiko elathatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Abantu bangcwatshwa emigodini kusukela esikhathini sangaphambi komlando kuze kube yizikhathi zanamuhla. Leli thimba liphinde lathola ukuthi uma kungase kutholakale imbangela yokufa, abaningi babhekana nesiphetho esinobudlova.
Imizimba eminingana ye-bog idume ngokulondolozwa kahle kakhulu, njengoLindow Man wase-United Kingdom, u-Tollund Man wase-Denmark kanye no-Yde Girl wase-Netherlands. Laba bantu banikeza isifinyezo sempilo yakudala, abacwaningi bakwazi ukwakha kabusha imininingwane efana nokudla kwabo kokugcina kanye nembangela yokufa—iningi labulawa, futhi ngokuvamile lihunyushwa njengemihlatshelo yabantu. Nokho, lezi zibonelo ezilondolozwe kahle ziyingxenye encane yalokho okuye kwatholakala.
"Eqinisweni izinkulungwane zabantu ziye zahlangana nesiphetho sazo ezigodini, kodwa zaphinde zatholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokusikwa kwe-peat," kusho uDokotela Roy van Beek, waseWageningen University, "Izibonelo ezilondolozwe kahle zitshela ingxenye encane yale ndaba enkulu kakhulu. .”
Ngakho-ke, uDokotela van Beek kanye nethimba labacwaningi base-Dutch, Swedish, kanye ne-Estonian bazoqala ukwenza ucwaningo oluningiliziwe, olubanzi lwamakhulu ezidumbu ezitholakala eYurophu. Ucwaningo lwabo, olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Antiquity, luhlaziye abantu abangaphezu kwe-1,000 abavela ezindaweni ezingama-266 ezwenikazi lonke ukuze bakhe ukuqonda okuphelele okwengeziwe ngemizimba ye-bog.
Izidumbu ezihlolisiswa kulolu cwaningo zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: “izidumbu zezidumbu,” imizimba edumile enesikhumba esilondoloziwe, izicubu ezithambile, nezinwele; “amathambo amathambo,” izidumbu eziphelele, okuye kwalondolozwa amathambo awo kuphela; kanye nezinsalela eziyingxenye ye-bog mummies noma amathambo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemizimba ngokuyinhloko ziwumphumela wezimo ezihlukene zokulondolozwa: ezinye izikhumba zikulungele kangcono ukulondoloza izicubu zomuntu, kanti ezinye zigcina amathambo kangcono. Kanjalo, ukusatshalaliswa akusitsheli okuningi ngokuziphatha komuntu okwedlule, futhi ukugxila ohlotsheni olulodwa nje kuholela esithombeni esingaphelele.
“Lolu cwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi ukugcizelelwa okukhulu kocwaningo lwemivubukulo lwangaphambilini lweqembu elincane lezidumbu eziwumbukwane ziye zahlanekezela imibono yethu,” kusho uDokotela van Beek, “Zontathu izigaba ziveza ulwazi oluyigugu, futhi ngokuzihlanganisa kuvela isithombe esisha ngokuphelele. ”
Ukuhlola zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zemizimba ye-bog kuveza ukuthi ziyingxenye yeminyaka eyinkulungwane, isiko eligxilile. Lesi simo siqala eningizimu yeScandanavia ngesikhathi seNeolithic, cishe ngo-5000 BC, futhi kancane kancane sisabalala eNyakatho Yurophu. Okutholwe okuncane kakhulu, okwakwaziwa e-Ireland, e-United Kingdom naseJalimane, kubonisa isiko laqhubeka laya eNkathini Ephakathi kanye nasezikhathini zakuqala zanamuhla.
Ucwaningo olusha luphinde lukhombise ukuthi okuningi okutholakele kukhombisa ubufakazi bodlame. Lapho kungase kutholakale imbangela yokufa, iningi libonakala lifinyelele isiphetho esinyantisayo futhi cishe lashiywa ngamabomu emigodini. Lolu dlame luvame ukuhunyushwa njengemihlatshelo engokwesiko, izigebengu ezibulewe, noma izisulu zodlame. Kodwa-ke, emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, imithombo ebhaliwe ibonisa ukuthi kwakunenani elikhulu lokufa ngengozi emigodini, kanye nokuzibulala.
“Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi akufanele sifune incazelo eyodwa ngakho konke okutholiwe,” kusho uDokotela van Beek, “ukufa ngengozi nokuzibulala kungenzeka nakho kwakuvamile ezikhathini zangaphambili.”
Ithimba liphinde lathola ukuthi kunezindawo ezishisayo zezidumbu: izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi lapho kutholwe khona izinsalela zabantu abaningi. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu okutholakele kubonisa isenzo esisodwa esifana nokungcwatshwa kwenqwaba yabafile empini. Amanye ama-bogs asetshenziswa kaninginingi futhi izinsalela zomuntu zazihambisana nohlu olubanzi lwezinye izinto ezihunyushwa njengeminikelo yesiko, kusukela emathanjeni ezilwane kuya ezikhalini zethusi noma imihlobiso. Ama-bogs anjalo ahunyushwa njengezindawo zamahlelo, okumele ngabe athatha indawo eyinhloko ohlelweni lwenkolelo yemiphakathi yendawo. Esinye isigaba esiphawulekayo sakhiwa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi “izindawo zokuphangwa kwempi,” lapho kutholakala khona inqwaba yezikhali eduze kwezinsalela zabantu.
“Sekukonke, isithombe esisha esithakazelisayo esivelayo ngesinye sezenzakalo zakudala, ezihlukahlukene neziyinkimbinkimbi, esixoxa izindaba eziningi ngezindikimba ezinkulu zabantu njengodlame, inkolo kanye nokulahlekelwa okudabukisayo,” kusho uDokotela van Beek.
Ucwaningo lukhishwe ku iphephabhuku Antiquity by Cambridge University Press ngo-10 January 2023.
