Ekujuleni kwe inhliziyo ye-Congo Rainforest, okuyimfihlakalo inani lezinkawu ezinkulu kuthiwa libusa kakhulu. Ezibizwa nge-Bondo ape noma i-Bili ape, lezi zidalwa zithathe umcabango wabahloli, abacwaningi, nabantu bendawo ngokufanayo. Izinganekwane zobukhulu bazo obukhulu, ukuhamba ngezinyawo okuphindwe kabili, nobudlova obesabekayo sezilokhu zisakazwa amashumi eminyaka, zibhebhezela ukuqagela ngobunjalo bazo bangempela. Ingabe ziwuhlobo olusha lwenkawu enkulu, ingxube ephakathi kwama-gorilla nezimfene, noma ingabe lezi zimangalo ezivusa amadlingozi ziyinhlanganisela yeqiniso nenganekwane? Kulesi sihloko, sihlola ekujuleni kwehlathi lemvula laseCongo ukuze siveze iqiniso elingemuva kwempicabadala yenkawu yaseBondo.
Umsuka wemfihlakalo yenkawu ye-Bondo
Uhambo lokuqala lwesayensi lokuphenya ukuba khona kwenkawu iBondo lwaluholwa uKarl Ammann, umthwebuli wezithombe odumile waseKenya waseKenya kanye nomlondolozi wemvelo, ngo-1996. kubikiwe wazithela phezu kweqoqo lezigebhezi zekhanda eRoyal Museum for Central Africa eBelgium, ezaziqoqwe eduze kwedolobha laseBili enyakatho yeDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Lezi zigebhezi, ekuqaleni ezazihlukaniswa njengama-gorilla ngenxa yokhakhayi lwazo oluvelele lwe-“mohawk,” zazibonisa ezinye izici ezifana nezimfene. Ngokumangazayo, bekungekho isibalo sama-gorilla esaziwayo endaweni lapho atholwa khona, okwenza kube nezinsolo zokuthi kungenzeka. ukutholwa okusha.
Eqhutshwa ilukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, u-Ammann waqala uhambo oluya ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-DRC, lapho ahlangana khona nabazingeli bendawo ababelana ngama-akhawunti ngokuhlangana. izinkawu ezinkulu ezinamakhono amangalisayo. Ngokwezinganekwane, lezi zilwane zazikwazi ukubulala amabhubesi futhi zazibonakala zingenakuvinjwa imicibisholo enobuthi. Ukwengeza ku-mystique, abantu bendawo bathi izinkawu ze-Bondo zizokhipha ukukhala okumangalisayo phakathi nenyanga egcwele. U-Ammann waze wathola izithombe kulaba bazingeli, ezibabonisa beme nemizimba emikhulu yezinkawu ababezingele.
Izinkawu ezinkulu zehlathi laseBili ziwela emaqenjini amabili ahlukene. Kukhona “abashayi bezihlahla”, abahlakazeka phezulu ezihlahleni ukuze bahlale bephephile, futhi banqotshwe kalula imicibisholo enobuthi esetshenziswa abazingeli bendawo. Bese kuba khona “ababulali bamabhubesi”, abangavami ukukhwela ezihlahleni, bakhudlwana futhi bamnyama, futhi abathinteki imicibisholo enobuthi. - Inganekwane Yendawo
Naphezu kwemizamo yakhe, uhambo luka-Ammann lwehlulekile ukunikeza ubufakazi obuphelele bokuba khona kwenkawu yaseBondo. Nakuba bathola indle yemfene emikhulu ngokungavamile nemilobo yezinyawo emikhulu kuneyama-gorilla, lezi zilwane ezitholakala kalula zahlala zinzima.
I-Bondo ape - inhlansi yethemba
Ehlobo lika-2002 no-2003, olunye uhambo lwangena ekujuleni kwe-Congo Rainforest lufuna inkawu yaseBondo. UDkt. Shelly Williams, umcwaningi ovelele, waba nendima ebalulekile ekufuneni izimpendulo. Ukubuya kwakhe ohambweni kuvaliwe igagasi lokusakazwa kwabezindaba okumangazayo, okushicilelwe okujwayelekile njenge-CNN, i-Associated Press, ne-National Geographic equkethe izindatshana ezimayelana ne-Bondo chimp.
Ngokusho kwe-2003 umbiko ngumagazini i-TIME, uDkt. Williams uchaze izinkawu zaseBondo njengezinobuso obuyisicaba neziphanzi eziqondile ezisikhumbuza ama-gorilla. Lezi zilwane zibuye zibonise ukumpunga koboya bazo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, zazakhela kokubili phansi nasemagatsheni aphansi, zikhipha umsindo ogqamile owaba namandla phakathi nokuphuma nokushona kwenyanga egcwele. UDkt. Williams wasikisela ukuthi lezi zinkawu zingase zimelele uhlobo olusha olungaziwa isayensi, uhlobo olusha lwezimfene, noma ngisho nengxube ephakathi kwama-gorilla nezimfene.
Nokho, iminyaka eyalandela yaletha ukungabaza kulezi zimangalo ezinesibindi. UDkt. Cleve Hicks, isazi sezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye nethimba lakhe bahlole kabanzi lokho okukholakala ukuthi yizinkawu ezingama-Bili. Okutholakele kwabo, njengoba kwabikwa yi-New Scientist ngo-2006, kwembula ukuthi izinkawu zaseBondo cishe kwakungezona uhlobo olusha noma uhlobo lwenkawu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA okwenziwa kumasampula endle kwaqinisekisa ukuthi empeleni kwakuyizimfene zasempumalanga (I-Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).
Ukudalula imfihlakalo yenkawu ye-Bondo
Ngenkathi inkawu yeBondo angeke imele uhlobo olusha, umsebenzi kaDkt. Hicks usikhanyisela ngezici eziyingqayizivele ezivezwa inani lezimfene lama-Bili. Lezi zimfene zaziveza ukhakhayi lwazo olufana nolwama-gorilla futhi zakha izidleke phansi ehlathini. Ukwengeza, babonisa ukuziphatha okungavamile ukubonwa ezimfene, njengokuphihliza izindunduma zomuhlwa nokusebenzisa amatshe njengeziduli ukuze baqhekeze amagobolondo ofudu.
Kodwa-ke, izimangalo zamandla okubulala amabhubesi e-Bondo kanye nokuhamba ngezinyawo ezimbili aziqinisekiswanga. Izinkimbinkimbi zokuqonda ukuziphatha kwezimfene zesifunda sase-Bili-Uere zihlanganiswa nakakhulu umlando wezingxabano nokuphazamiseka okubangelwa izimpi zangaphambilini endaweni, okuvimbela imizamo ebanzi yokonga.
Isiphetho
In the ekujuleni kweCongo Rainforest, inganekwane wemfene Bondo uyaqhubeka nokuthakasela lelizwe eliphucuzekile. Nakuba imibiko yangaphambili kanye nama-akhawunti ahlaba umxhwele adweba isithombe sezinkawu ezinkulu ezinonya ezibusa ngokuphakeme, ukuqonda okunobungane kuye kwavela kancane kancane. I-Bondo ape, kubonakala sengathi imele inani elihlukile lezimfene zasempumalanga ezinezici ezihlukile nokuziphatha. Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo kukhula, ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nemizamo yokulondoloza ngokungangabazeki izosikhanyisela okwengeziwe ngezinkawu eziyimpicabadala ze-Bondo.
Ngemva kokufunda ngezinkawu zase-Bondo - izimfene zaseCongo ezidla amabhubesi ezinonya ngokwedlulele, funda ngazo 'inyoka enkulu yaseCongo' engaqondakali.
