Wake wezwa ngesiqhingi saseBermeja? Ngemva kokumakwa emabalazweni futhi yaqashelwa njengendawo esemthethweni, lesi siqeshana somhlaba esiseGulf of Mexico manje sesinyamalele ngaphandle komkhondo. Kwenzekani esiqhingini saseBermeja? Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi into evelele kangaka ebalazweni izolo inyamalale ngokuzumayo namuhla? Kuyimpicabadala esidide abaningi futhi yaqubula nenqwaba yemibono ehlanganisa uzungu.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni wase-United States wasibhubhisa ngamabomu lesi siqhingi ukuze alawule izindawo ezigcina uwoyela kule ndawo. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi lesi siqhingi asikaze sibe khona kwasekuqaleni, futhi ukubonakala kwaso emabalazweni kwakungelona iphutha nje. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liyini iqiniso, indaba yesiqhingi saseBermeja iyamangalisa esikhumbuza ukuthi ngisho nezinto eziqinile nezibambekayo zinganyamalala kanjani ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.
Imephu yamatilosi avela ePortugal
Okokuqala, amatilosi angamaPutukezi athola lesi siqhingi, okwakuthiwa singamakhilomitha-skwele angu-80 ngobukhulu. Ngokwemibiko eminingi yomlando, uBermeja wayesekhona kakade ebalazweni lesiPutukezi lango-1535, eligcinwe endaweni yokugcina umlando yoMbuso yaseFlorence. Kwakungumbiko u-Alonso de Santa Cruz, umdwebi wamabalazwe waseSpain, umenzi wamabalazwe, umenzi wezinsimbi, isazi-mlando nothisha, awethula phambi kwenkantolo yaseMadrid ngo-1539. Lapho ibizwa ngokuthi “iYucatan neziqhingi eziseduze.”
Encwadini yakhe ye-1540 I-Espejo de navegantes (Isibuko Sokuzulazula), itilosi laseSpain Alonso de Chavez waphinda wacaphuna ngesiqhingi saseBermeja. Wabhala ukuthi ukude, lesi siqhingi esincane sibukeka “sibomvu noma sibomvu” (ngeSpanishi: bermeja).
Ebalazweni likaSebastian Cabot, elanyatheliswa e-Antwerp ngo-1544, kukhona nesiqhingi okuthiwa iBermeja. Ebalazweni lakhe, ngaphandle kwaseBermeja, kuboniswe iziqhingi zaseTriangle, Arena, Negrillo kanye neArrecife; futhi isiqhingi saseBermeja sinendawo yokudlela. Isithombe sikaBermeja sahlala sinjalo phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa noma ingxenye enkulu yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ngokuvumelana namabalazwe amadala aseMexico, abadwebi bamabalazwe ekhulwini lama-20 babeka iBermeja kulelo kheli.
Kodwa ngo-1997, kukhona okungahambanga kahle. Umkhumbi wocwaningo waseSpain awuzange uthole noma yiluphi uphawu lwesiqhingi. Khona-ke iNational University of Mexico yaba nesithakazelo ekulahlekelweni kwesiqhingi saseBermeja. Ngo-2009, omunye umkhumbi wocwaningo wahamba wayothola isiqhingi esilahlekile. Ngeshwa, ososayensi abakaze basithole isiqhingi saseBermeja nanoma yimiphi imikhondo yaso.
Abanye futhi abatholakali
I-Bermeja kwakungesona ukuphela kwesiqhingi esanyamalala ngokuzumayo, kunjalo. Phakathi kweNew Caledonia ne-Australia, olwandle lwamakhorali, isiqhingi okuthiwa iSandy saba nesiphetho esifanayo. Kodwa isiqhingi sasinesihlabathi ngempela futhi sibukeka njengesihlabathi eside esingaphawuliwe kuwo wonke amamephu. Kodwa-ke, cishe wonke amamephu amadala abonisa, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi umhloli wamazwe odumile UCaptain James Cook waba ngumuntu wokuqala ukuyibona futhi wayichaza ngo-1774.
Cishe ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka, umkhumbi wamaNgisi odoba imikhomo wawufikile kulesi siqhingi. Ngo-1908, yanikeza i-British Admiralty izixhumanisi eziqondile zendawo embikweni wayo kubo. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi siqhingi sasincane futhi singenabo abantu, babengebaningi ababenesithakazelo kuso. Ekugcineni, ukwakheka kwayo kwashintsha ukusuka kumephu kuya kumephu.
Ngo-2012, ososayensi basolwandle base-Australia kanye nezazi zasolwandle baya esiqhingini esinesihlabathi. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi abasitholanga isiqhingi lalimangalisa ilukuluku labo. Esikhundleni sesiqhingi, kwakunamamitha ayi-1400 amanzi ajulile ngaphansi kwesikebhe. Ngemva kwalokho, ososayensi bazibuza ukuthi isiqhingi singanyamalala yini ngaphandle komkhondo noma asikaze sibe khona. Ngokushesha kwabonakala ukuthi yayingekho emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule.
Ngo-1979, ama-hydrographers aseFrance asusa isiqhingi saseSandy emabalazweni abo, futhi ngo-1985, ososayensi base-Australia benza okufanayo. Ngakho isiqhingi sasishiywe kuphela kumamephu edijithali, abantu abavame ukuwacabanga njengephepha. Isiqhingi ngokwaso sasingasekho. Noma bekungaba ngokoqobo kuphela ezingqondweni zalabo abazibonela ngawabo amehlo.
Futhi kwakukhona isiqhingi okuthiwa iHaboro eduze kwaseHiroshima, ngasogwini lwaseJapane. Isibonelo, amamitha angu-120 ubude futhi cishe amamitha angu-22 ubude akukukhulu kakhulu, kodwa kuselula ukuqaphela. Esiqhingini, abadobi behla, futhi izivakashi zayithatha. Izithombe zeminyaka engu-50 edlule zibukeka njengeziqongo zamatshe amabili, eyodwa embozwe izitshalo.
Kodwa eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule, cishe sonke isiqhingi sangena ngaphansi kwamanzi, kwasala itshe elincane kuphela. Uma kungekho owaziyo ukuthi kwenzekeni kuSandy, isizathu sokuthi isiqhingi sanyamalala sicacile: sadliwa ama-crustaceans amancane asolwandle okuthiwa. ama-isopods. Zibekela amaqanda azo emifantwini yamadwala futhi zicekele phansi itshe elakha iziqhingi minyaka yonke.
IHaboro yancibilika yaze yaba yinqwaba nje yamatshe. Ama-crustaceans akuzona kuphela izidalwa ezihlala olwandle futhi ezidla iziqhingi. Iziqhingi eziningi zamakhorali zibulawa ezinye izidalwa ezisolwandle, njenge-starfish yomqhele wamathorns. Ngasogwini lwase-Australia, lapho lezi zinkanyezi zasolwandle zivame kakhulu khona, izixhobo zamakhorali eziningi neziqhingi ezincane zafa.
Ingabe yilokhu okwenzeka eBurmeja Island?
Kwenzeka okufanayo nakuBermeja nakuSandy. Abantu bokuqala ababona i-Bermeja bathi yayibomvu ngokugqamile futhi isesiqhingini, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi yayivela entaba-mlilo. Futhi lolu hlobo lwesiqhingi kulula ukwenza futhi kulula ukulubhubhisa.
IBermeja yayinokudla okwanele, kodwa ayikho imikhumbi yocwaningo eyathola noma yiluphi uphawu lwesiqhingi. awekho amatshe asele, awekho amatshe aphukile, akukho lutho; ingxenye ejulile yolwandle kuphela. U-Bermeja kusamele ahambe noma alahleke. Abacwaningi basho ngokukhulu ukuqiniseka ukuthi ayizange ibe khona. Njengoba wazi, kuyinto efanayo lapho sikhuluma ngesiqhingi saseSandy. Ngekhulu le-18, umdwebi wamabalazwe waseNew Spain wacabanga lokhu ngoba akukho okunye okwaboniswa ebalazweni elisenyakatho yesiqhingi sase-Arena.
Umcwaningi uCiriaco Ceballos, owenza ucwaningo lwe-cartographic, akakayitholi i-Bermeja noma i-Not-Grillo. Wanikeza incazelo elula yokuthi kungani abadwebi bamamephu ngaphambi kwakhe benze amaphutha. Ngenxa yezixhobo eziningi zamatshe eGulf, amanzi ayemaholoholo, futhi uhambo lwasolwandle lwaluyingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezikebheni zekhulu le-16.
Akumangalisi ukuthi amatilosi azame ukuphuma emanzini ajulile futhi ayengajahi ukuhlola isiqhingi. Futhi kulula kakhulu ukuba nephutha ebufakazini nasekubonweni. Kodwa leli phuzu lokubuka laphonswa ngaphandle futhi lakhohlwa lapho iMexico ithola ukuzimela.
Amakhadi anezithombe zikaBermeja asetshenziswa ekuqaleni ukwenza amamephu eGulf. Futhi akukaze kube nesivivinyo sokubona ukuthi iziqhingi azikho yini. Kodwa kunokuningi endabeni kunencazelo nje esobala. Iphuzu layo eliyinhloko ukuthi iBermeja ingelinye lamaphuzu akha umngcele wolwandle phakathi kweMexico ne-United States.
Kulokhu okuhlukile, amaMelika awazange enze inzuzo kuBermeja ngoba amadlelo kawoyela negesi eGulf of Mexico azoba awase-United States, hhayi iMexico. Futhi kuthiwa abaseMelika basithatha lesi siqhingi, okwakungafanele sibe khona ngoba bavele basiqhumisa.
