Ithuna lenkosi yoBukhosi Beshumi Nesishiyagalombili u-Tutankhamun (c.1336-1327 BC) lidume umhlaba wonke ngoba ilona lodwa ithuna lasebukhosini elivela eSigodini Samakhosi elatholwa lisaphelele. Ukutholwa kwayo ngo-1922 nguHoward Carter kwaba sematheni emhlabeni wonke, futhi kwaqhubeka nokwenza lokho njengoba izinto zegolide nezinye izinto zikanokusho ezatholwa kulelithuna zazikhishwa. Ithuna kanye nengcebo yalo kuyisakhiwo sodumo saseGibhithe, futhi ukutholakala kwethuna kusabhekwa njengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitholwe ngemivubukulo kuze kube manje.
Naphezu kwengcebo equkethwe, ithuna likaTutankhamun, elingunombolo 62 eSigodini Samakhosi, empeleni linesizotha uma liqhathaniswa namanye amathuna akulesi siza, ngobukhulu nangokuhlobisa. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi uTutankhamun ufikile esihlalweni sobukhosi esemncane kakhulu, futhi noma esebusa cishe iminyaka eyishumi kuphela isiyonke. Umuntu angazibuza ukuthi iyiphi ingcebo yamathuna amakhulu kakhulu amakhosi oMbuso Omusha anamandla amakhulu, anjengoHatshepsut, uThutmose III, Amenhotep III, noRamesses II ake anawo.
Izindonga zegumbi lokungcwaba kuphela ezithwala noma yimiphi imihlobiso. Ngokungafani namathuna amaningi angaphambili nakamuva, ahlotshiswe ngokucebile ngemibhalo yomngcwabo njenge-Amduat noma i-Book of Gates, eyasiza inkosi eshonile ukuba ifinyelele ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa, yisigameko esisodwa kuphela esivela e-Amduat esimelelwe ethuneni laseTutankhamun. Okunye ukuhlotshiswa kwethuna kubonisa umngcwabo, noma uTutankhamun ekanye nezithixo ezihlukahlukene.
Lobu bukhulu bethuna baseTutankhamun (KV62) buholele ekuqageleni okuningi. Lapho umlandeli wakhe, isikhulu esiphezulu u-Ay, efa, wangcwatshwa ethuneni (KV23), okungenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni lalihloselwe uTutankhamun, kodwa elalingakaqedwa ngesikhathi sokufa kwenkosi encane. Kuye kwenziwa ingxabano efanayo ngokulandela ithuna lika-Ay owalandela u-Ay, uHoremheb (KV57). Uma kunjalo, akucaci ukuthi ithuna lokugcina likaTutankhamun, i-KV62, laliqoshwe ngobani, kodwa kuye kwaphikiswana ngokuthi lalivele likhona, njengethuna langasese noma njengendawo yokugcina impahla, okwathi ngemva kwalokho lanwetshwa ukuze lamukele inkosi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sasiyini isizathu, ubuncane bethuna babusho ukuthi izinto zobuciko ezingaba ngu-3,500 XNUMX ezatholwa ngaphakathi zazipakishwe zaqina kakhulu. Lokhu kubonisa indlela yokuphila yesigodlo sasebukhosini, futhi kwakuhlanganisa nezinto uTutankhamun ayezozisebenzisa ekuphileni kwakhe kwansuku zonke, njengezingubo, ubucwebe, izimonyo, impepho, ifenisha, izihlalo, amathoyizi, izitsha ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, izinqola, nezikhali. .
Ithuna lasendulo laseTutankhamun latholwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1922 kodwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ochwepheshe baye bazama ukuchaza ngokuphumelelayo izinto eziningi ezitholakala ngemva nje kwalokho.
Thatha ngokwesibonelo zonke lezi zinto zobuciko ezambulwa ethuneni. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, zingase zingabonakali zikhethekile kangako njengoba iningi labanye uFaro lalizungezwe izinto zobuciko ezingavamile, kodwa azikho ezixakile njengalezi, ukusho okuncane.
Bheka nje lendandatho eyinqaba eyembulwe eduze kwekhanda likaFaro osemncane. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwayo ziyaxaka ngokwanele kodwa azijwayelekile kunalokho isidalwa sangempela esiyinqaba esiboniswa kuso.
Ngesizathu esithile, emhlabeni wesayensi, kukholakala ukuthi unkulunkulu uPtah uboniswa kuwo - kuyilapho ohlangothini olungemuva lwendandatho kunombhalo othi Amon-Ra (uNkulunkulu weLanga, unkulunkulu ophakeme wabaseGibhithe lasendulo).
Izazi zase-Egypt eziyembule zathi konke lokhu kwakuwukungaqondi njengoba lokho kufanekisela uPtah, unkulunkulu waseGibhithe lasendulo, kodwa lokho namanje akuchazi ukuthi umfokazi wayo oyinqaba ubukeka sengathi ayikho enye imifanekiso kaNkulunkulu waseGibhithe efana nalokhu, ukuqala.
Indandatho kuthiwa ihlehlela emuva ku-664-322 BC ngokwazi kwethu futhi unkulunkulu wasendulo uPtah kuthiwa wayephila emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kweziyishumi nanhlanu edlule.
Kunoma yikuphi, isidalwa esivezwe endandeni siyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi ngokusobala sinemvelaphi engabonakali - ngendlela, ezinganekwaneni zaseGibhithe, onkulunkulu babenobudlelwane obuqondile nendawo yonke. Futhi oFaro behla konkulunkulu be-cosmic. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngokwemithombo eminingi yasendulo, umlando wezizukulwane zaseGibhithe uhlehlela emuva ezinkulungwaneni eziningi zeminyaka, okungaphezu kwalokho okukholelwa izazi-mlando zanamuhla.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi unkulunkulu ovezwe kulendandatho uphethe ezandleni zakhe udondolo lwaphezulu olunezici zemilingo. Kukholelwa ukuthi abasebenzi abanjalo bangakwazi ukulawula isimo sezulu, baphule amatshe futhi benze ezinye izimangaliso eziningi - futhi mhlawumbe babengamathuluzi obuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Le ndandatho isetshenziswe ezimpikiswano eziningi ukufakazela iqiniso lokuthi abaseGibhithe lasendulo babevumelana kakhulu nezidalwa zangaphandle zesikhathi sabo, njengoba babekhonza lezi zidalwa njengoNkulunkulu ngaleso sikhathi.
Le ndandatho igcinwe eWalters Museum eBaltimore (USA). Ngokwencazelo ekwisizindalwazi semnyuziyamu, yathengwa ngo-1930 eCairo.
