Isakhiwo sethempeli likankulunkulu welanga uRa eHeliopolis sihlotshaniswa negama lomakhi wasendulo waseGibhithe, u-Imhotep. Uphawu lwakhe olukhulu kwakuyitshe eliyinqaba, elenziwe ngesigaxa, imvamisa lalibekwa ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi, lolu phawu lwelanga olungcwele lwalubizwa ngokuthi yiphiramidi. Kufanele kube yinto yokuqala ebingelela ukuphuma kwelanga neyokugcina ukubona ukushona kwelanga. Ithempeli elanga eliseHeliopolis alikona nje kuphela elidala kunamaphiramidi esinyathelo sokuqala, kodwa, kunalokho lalisetshenziswa njengesibonelo kwamanye amathempeli ephiramidi.
Ngokusho kwezazi zase-Egypt, imipiramidi yokuqala yaseGibhithe kufanele ihlotshaniswe nokubona ngqo imisebe yelanga, ingene emafwini isiya emkhathizwe. Kepha lo mbono awucaci ngokuphelele ukuthi yikuphi ukuxhumana phakathi kwemisebe yelanga nama-pyramid wesinyathelo.
Iphiramidi ye-Djoser
Ngezinsuku ezomile nezinelanga ukuphuma kwelanga kubukeka njengokukhula kancane kancane kwezingqimba ezikhanyayo, ezinde. Imizuzwana embalwa ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga, ilanga libukeka njengephiramidi yesinyathelo bese kuthi, ngemuva komzuzwana omncane, libe yisibani sokukhanya esikubona nsuku zonke.
Izazi zesimo sezulu zichaza ukuthi ukubukeka kwelanga okucwebezelayo kwenzeka lapho imisebe yelanga iguqa “ebunzini” lasemkhathini, kodwa umbono awucaci ngoba izakhiwo ezisemkhathini zikalayini zihlanekezela emkhathizwe. Iphiramidi elikhanyayo lokukhanya lifana nesidalwa esikhulu esiqhamuka emkhathizwe. Manje sekucacile ukuthi kungani inkolo yelanga yafakwa ohlelweni lokukholelwa eGibhithe lasendulo.
Ukwakhiwa kwamaphiramidi amakhulu kwaqala ngephiramidi yesinyathelo seDjoser. Kepha kamuva, ngemuva kwezingxabano eziqhubekayo zamakhosi, abaseGibhithe baphinde baphendukela emibhoshongweni eyisicaba. Noma kunjalo, kunemipiramidi egcinwe kahle.
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-Imhotep yakha iphiramidi ngenhloso ethe xaxa. Amaphiramidi alolu hlobo ayengasetshenziswa njengamadivayisi athumela amasiginali alula, abizwa ngama-heliographs. Izimpawu zingashintsha ukuqondiswa, ngokumboza izinhlangothi ezihlukene zepiramidi. Lezo zimpawu zazingasetshenziswa ukuxwayisa ngokuhlasela kwesitha.
'I-telegraph elula' eGibhithe lasendulo
Emapiramidi aseGibhithe, "ama-telegraphs alula" ayekwazi ukusebenza ngisho nasebusuku. Ama-Giant, acishe acabalele, amapuleti obumba, agcwele uwoyela ovuthayo, azokwazi ukukhiqiza ukukhanya okwanele okuzokhonjiswa ezinhlangothini ezibiyelwe zephiramidi. Ukukhanya bekuzobonakala okungenani kusuka ku-10 km.
Abanye abavubukuli nonjiniyela bakholelwa ukuthi inhloso enkulu yamaphiramidi wesinyathelo kwakungekhona ukungcwaba abafileyo. Amaphiramidi wesinyathelo saseGibhithe asebenza njengohlelo lokuxhumana ngocingo oluyingqayizivele, equkethe ama-resonator kagesi kagesi oyipiramidi kanye nezimpondo zokuphikisa.
Ngokwalo mbono, yonke imihubhe, amaphaseji, imishiza yokungenisa umoya, amakamelo okungcwaba, namathempeli angaphakathi asetshenzisiwe njengamagagasi, ama-resonator, izihlungi, njll.
Amaphiramidi ayenziwe ngegranite ne-basalt, ngakho-ke ugesi awukho mbuzo, kepha "i-paleoelectricity" eGibhithe lasendulo yinto eqhubeka nokukhathaza imiqondo ejwayelekile yomlando. Ake sibheke i-fresco eyodwa, engajwayelekile kakhulu yasendulo eyaziwa kakhulu njenge- "Dendera Light".
Izisebenzi zikafaro ziphethe okuthile okungajwayelekile, okufana nebhalbhu, okuxhunywe kumqhubi webhethri nebhethri (uphawu lwe-Djed). Kunezinguqulo eziningi zokuthi abaseGibhithe lasendulo bebengazisebenzisa kanjani "izinto zobuciko be-paleoelectrical", kepha akukho neyodwa yazo ebingafakazelwa ngoba ifresco ihambisana nehubo lenkolo lokuhlonipha uRa kuphela.
Abanye abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zimpawu zimele imishini kagesi. Basekela imibono yabo ngokutholwa kwemivubukulo, njengabaqhubi bethusi nezinto ezinkulu zobumba, ezibizwa nge- Amabhethri eBaghdad, okuyinto kuze kube namuhla evusa impikiswano phakathi kwabavubukuli.
Ngubani futhi kungani wafundisa abaseGibhithe lasendulo ukuthi basebenzise kanjani ugesi kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo elinde ukuxazululwa.
