UNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha wase-Iraq u-Kazim Finjan wenze ukuphawula okumangalisayo phakathi nohambo lwebhizinisi oluya e-Dhi Qar ngo-2016. Uphikisa ngokuthi abantu baseSumeriya babenesikhumulo sabo sasemkhathini futhi bazulazula ngenkuthalo isimiso sonozungezilanga.
AmaSumer ayeyimpucuko eyinkimbinkimbi eyachuma cishe eminyakeni engu-7,000 edlule eMesopotamiya, kamuva eyaba yiBabiloni futhi manje ese-Iraq naseSiriya.
Ngokuphathelene nobuhle bezakhiwo, amaphiramidi aseSumeri awekho ngaphansi kwamaphiramidi aseGibhithe. Imibono eminingana yomsebenzi wama-ziggurats (izakhiwo ezinkulu ezakhiwe eMesophothamiya yasendulo) ziye zahlongozwa, kuhlanganise nesithakazelo sama-ufologists. Akekho owayelindele ukuthi lesi sikhulu singasho into enjalo.
I-ziggurat iyisakhiwo esikhulu esakhiwe eMesophothamiya yasendulo ukuze kusondezwe ithempeli esibhakabhakeni. Abantu baseMesophothamiya babekholelwa ukuthi amathempeli abo ayiphiramidi axhumanisa izulu nomhlaba.
Onkulunkulu abaningi babekhulekelwa amaSumer. Bathandaza ku-Anu (unkulunkulu wesibhakabhaka), U-Enki (unkulunkulu wamanzi, ulwazi, ububi, ubuciko, nokudala), u-Enlil (Lord Wind), Inanna (Indlovukazi Yezulu), Utu (unkulunkulu welanga), noSin (unkulunkulu welanga) (unkulunkulu wenyanga).
Basungula isondo, umbhalo we-cuneiform, izibalo, i-geometry, ukunisela ngenkasa, amasaha namanye amathuluzi, izimbadada, izinqola, amahabhu nobhiya, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
UFinjan ukholelwa ukuthi izikhumulo zezindiza zokuqala nezinkundla zemikhumbi-mkhathi zakhiwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-7,000 edlule emadolobheni asendulo ase-Eridu nase-Uri. Ngeshwa, ungqongqoshe akazange anikeze incazelo yokuthi amaSumer abuthola kanjani ubuchwepheshe obunjalo noma kungani bungekho ubufakazi bokuba khona kwabo.
Ngenkathi ebuka indawo yaseSumerian yase-Iraqi Museum e-Baghdad, uSolwazi Kamal Aziz Ketuly wabona izibhebhe ezintathu zobumba zaseSumeri eziqukethe umbhalo we-cuneiform nemidwebo ehlehlela emuva cishe ku-3,000 BC. Kwenye yezibhebhe, uthi uthole imidwebo ye-heliocentric yesistimu sonozungezilanga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Abantu baseMesopotamiya basebenzisa ikhalenda elinezinyanga neminyaka eqala ngo-3000 BC, okubonisa ukuthi iNyanga yahlolwa ngaleso sikhathi." “Wonke amaplanethi amahlanu abonakala ngeso lenyama, kanye neNyanga, iLanga, izinkanyezi, nezinye izenzakalo zasemkhathini, zaziwa futhi zacwaningwa” eMesophothamiya yasendulo. IMercury, iVenus, iMars, iJupiter, kanye neSaturn amaplanethi ahilelekile.
Ososayensi baphakamise izincazelo ezimbalwa zokuthi aba khona kanjani amathempeli anezitezi eziningi. Enye yazo imfuneko yokugcina i-edifice isesimweni esihle isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ngoba yayidalelwe onkulunkulu. Ngenxa yalokho, isigaba ngasinye esilandelayo sakhiwe phezu kwesangaphambilini.
AmaSumer azwakalisa isifiso sawo sombuso ongenhla. Inombolo yezinkundla ingase ilingane nenani labantu abaziwayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-Lower Mesopotamiya yayingenazo izinkuni namaminerali.
Akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ukuthi izinto zomkhumbi-mkhathi ogcwele ngokugcwele zivelaphi ngoba amaSumer ayengabahwebi abakhuthele. Iqiniso lizofihlwa ngaphansi kwesembozo sesikhathi. Ukube amaSumeri ayeyinqobile indawo, ngabe kade abaleka emhlabeni.
