U-Amelia Earhart, umshayeli wendiza wesifazane oyiphayona wama-1930s, wahlaba umxhwele umhlaba ngezindiza zakhe ezinesibindi kanye nempumelelo ephule amarekhodi. Ube umshayeli wendiza wesifazane wokuqala ukundiza eyedwa ewela i-Atlantic Ocean, wamzuzela isiphambano se-US Distinguished Flying Cross. Uthando luka-Amelia lokundiza lwakhuthaza abesifazane abaningi, futhi wabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwenhlangano yabashayeli bezindiza besifazane.
Kodwa-ke, udumo lwakhe lwama kabuhlungu ngoJulayi 2, 1937, lapho yena netilosi lakhe lendiza, uFred Noonan, benyamalala ngesikhathi bezama indiza ezungeza umhlaba. Kulesi sihloko, simba imininingwane ephathelene nokunyamalala kuka-Amelia Earhart, sihlola imibono ehlukahlukene, sihlola ubufakazi, futhi sikhanyisele ekusesheni okuqhubekayo kwezimpendulo.
Indiza nezikhathi zokugcina zika-Amelia Earhart
U-Amelia Earhart noFred Noonan baqala uhambo lwabo olunzima ngoMeyi 20, 1937, besuka e-Oakland, eCalifornia. Uhlelo lwabo bekuwukuzungeza umhlaba ngendiza, bebeka ingqophamlando entsha emlandweni wezokundiza. Balandela umzila obheke empumalanga, benqamula i-United States futhi beqhubeka nenkabazwe. Ngo-July 1, 1937, basuka eLae, eNew Guinea, balibangisa e-Howland Island, lapho beya khona. Nokho, lokhu kwakuzoba ngokokugcina bebonakala bephila.
Izinkinga zokuxhumana zavela ngesikhathi bendiza, njengoba u-Earhart noNoonan bezabalaza ukusungula ukusakazwa komsakazo okuphumelelayo. Naphezu kokuzwa eminye yemiyalezo ka-Earhart engalungile, kuye kwaba inselele kakhulu ukuchaza okuqukethwe kwayo. Ukudluliswa kokugcina okutholwe ku-Earhart kubonise ukuthi babendiza belandela umugqa wendawo leyo uNoonan ayewubalile, edlula e-Howland Island. Ngesikhathi kuqala ukuthungathwa kwazo, kwase kuphele ihora elilodwa zihanjiswe okokugcina.
I-United States Coast Guard kanye ne-Navy baqale umzamo omkhulu wokusesha, behlola amanzi azungeze i-Howland Island kanye ne-Gardner Island engumakhelwane. Ngeshwa, ngaphandle kwezinsiza ezibalulekile nesikhathi esinikelwe ekusesheni, akukho mkhondo ka-Amelia noma uFred owake watholakala. NgoJanuwari 5, 1939, u-Amelia Earhart kwathiwa ufile ngokomthetho.
Imibono ngokunyamalala kuka-Amelia Earhart
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kuye kwavela izinkolelo-mbono eziningi ukuchaza ukunyamalala okungaqondakali kuka-Amelia Earhart noFred Noonan. Ake sihlole eminye yemibono egqame kakhulu ngokuningiliziwe.
Ithiyori I: Ukuthwebula nokubulawa kwaseJapane
Omunye umbono usikisela ukuthi u-Earhart noNoonan bachezuka bayohlala eSaipan, isiqhingi esisePacific. Ngokusho kwamanye ama-akhawunti, bathunjwa futhi babulawa yi-Japanese Navy. Ofakazi abaningana bathi bake babona indiza ka-Amelia igcinwe yizikhulu zempi eSaipan phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Elinye isosha, uThomas Devine, lezwa ngisho namasosha eqinisekisa ukuthi indiza ngeka-Amelia. Wabona indiza indiza phezulu futhi wabhala izinombolo zayo zokuzikhomba, ezihambisana nendiza ka-Amelia.
UDevine kamuva wabika ukuthi iButho labhubhisa indiza yakhe ngokuyishisa. Elinye isosha, uBob Wallack, uthe uthole isikhwama esinemibhalo ka-Amelia, okuhlanganisa nepasi lakhe. Kodwa-ke, lezi zenzakalo ezisolwayo zihlala zingaqinisekisiwe, futhi ibanga phakathi kwendlela yendiza ye-Saipan ne-Earhart iphakamisa ukungabaza ngale mbono.
Ithiyori II: Ukuphahlazeka nokucwila
Omunye umbono owamukelwa kabanzi uphakamisa ukuthi indiza ka-Earhart yaphelelwa uphethiloli eduze kwase-Howland Island, okuholele ekuphahlazekeni nasekucwileni oLwandlekazini iPacific. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imephu engalungile, izinkinga zekhampasi, nokushintshwa komoya kubangele ukuba indiza yehlele cishe amamayela angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu entshonalanga ye-Howland Island.
Abasekeli balo mbono baphikisa ngokuthi ubukhulu boLwandlekazi iPacific nokujula okukhulu kwenza kube inselele enkulu ukuthola izingozi zendiza. Naphezu kokusesha okubanzi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bangaphansi kwamanzi, abukho ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda obutholakele obusekela le mbono.
I-Theory III: Ukufika kwe-Gardner Island
Umbono ozwakala kakhudlwana uphakamisa ukuthi u-Earhart noNoonan bafika e-Gardner Island, namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Nikumaroro. Kukholakala ukuthi bakwazile ukwehlisa indiza emanzini eduze kwendiza ephahlazekile, futhi bathumela imiyalezo yomsakazo ngezikhathi ezithile besuka esiqhingini. Ukukhuphuka kwamagagasi nokuntweza kwamanzi kungenzeka kushanele indiza onqenqemeni lwezixhobo, kwashiya u-Earhart noNoonan bevaleleke ku-Nikumaroro.
Ibutho Lezempi Lase-United States landizela phezu kweGardner Island isonto elilodwa ngemva kokunyamalala futhi labika izimpawu zokuhlala kwakamuva. Ngo-1940, isikhulu sekoloni saseBrithani sathola uhlaka lwamathambo wesifazane kanye nebhokisi le-sextant endaweni yokukhempa yesikhashana ekhoneni eliseningizimu-mpumalanga yesiqhingi. Izilinganiso zohlaka lwamathambo kanye nokuba khona kwezinto zomuntu siqu kuphakamise ukuxhumana okungenzeka ku-Amelia Earhart.
Kodwa-ke, izinsalela kanye nebhokisi le-sextant selokhu lalahleka, okwenza kube nzima ukucacisa ukuthi ungubani ngokuphelele. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuhlaziywa kwezingcezu zamathambo, ama-artifact, kanye ne-DNA kuyenziwa ukuze kukhanye okwengeziwe ngethiyori ye-Gardner Island.
Iqhubeka nokusesha
Umzamo wokwembula imfihlakalo yokunyamalala kuka-Amelia Earhart usaqhubeka nanamuhla. I-International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) ibihamba phambili emizamweni yokuthola ubufakazi obuphathekayo. Ekufuneni kwabo izimpendulo, i-TIGHAR ikwenzile kwenziwa izithombe ezingaphansi kwamanzi, okuholela ekutholweni kwezingxenye zezindiza ezingaba khona endaweni yemfucumfucu eduze kwaseNikumaroro. Isiqephu esincane se-aluminium esitholakala esiqhingini sihlonzwe njengesiqephu esivela ku-fuselage ye-Earhart's Lockheed Electra. Lokhu okutholakele kubangele intshisekelo evuselelwe kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwamanzi azungeze i-Nikumaroro.
Ukufuna indawo yokugcina ka-Amelia Earhart yokuphumula akukhona nje ukuphishekela ukubaluleka komlando kodwa futhi kuwukuhlonipha umoya wakhe wokuphayona kanye nezinto azifezile ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Ukunyamalala kwalesi sithonjana sezindiza kujabulise umhlaba amashumi eminyaka, futhi uphenyo oluqhubekayo luzama ukuvala indaba ethathe izizukulwane.
Isiphetho (ngokufingqa)
Ukunyamalala kuka-Amelia Earhart kusengenye yazo izimfihlakalo ezinkulu ezingakaxazululwa emlandweni wezindiza. Imibono ezungeze isiphetho sakhe iyahlukahluka, kusukela ekuthunjweni nasekubulaweni yiButho Lasemanzini LaseJapane kuya ekuphahlazekeni nasekucwilileni oLwandlekazini iPacific noma ukufika eGardner Island. Nakuba ithiyori yokuphahlazeka nokucwila yamukelwa kabanzi, ithiyori ye-Gardner Island inikeza incazelo enamandla kakhulu esekelwa ubufakazi obunjengokutholwa kohlaka lwamathambo abantu besifazane kanye nemfucumfucu yendiza engaba khona. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iyaqhubeka nokunikeza ukukhanya kule mpicabadala, futhi ukuseshwa kwendawo yokugcina ka-Amelia Earhart kusaqhubeka. Umhlaba ululindele ngabomvu usuku lapho iqiniso lokunyamalala kwakhe lizodalulwa ekugcineni, kuhlonishwe ifa lakhe njenge-trailblazer endizeni.
