Amathuluzi amatshe adala ingxenye yesigidi seminyaka endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iPoland cishe ayewumsebenzi wohlobo lwe-hominid engasekho ebizwa ngokuthi i-Homo heidelbergensis, okucatshangwa ukuthi ingukhokho wokugcina wamaNeanderthal kanye nabantu banamuhla. Ngaphambilini, abacwaningi babengenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi ingabe abantu sebefike enkabeni ye-Europe ngaleli phuzu emlandweni, ngakho-ke ukutholwa okusha kungase kunikeze ukukhanya okusha ngohlelo lwezikhathi lokunwetshwa kwethu esifundeni sonke.
"Abantu base-Central Europe ngama-Middle Pleistocene hominids kuyaphikiswana ngakho kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesimo sezulu esinzima nesemvelo esidinga ukulungiswa kwamasiko nemvelo," chaza ababhali bocwaningo olusha ngama-artifacts. Ikakhulukazi, baqaphela ukuthi ubufakazi bokuhlala kwabantu enyakatho Yezintaba ZaseCarpathian ngalesi sikhathi buyindlala kakhulu, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yobunzima ama-hominids asendulo ayeyobhekana nawo lapho ezama ukuwela uhla.
Amathuluzi angase alolonge kabusha lokhu kulandisa atholakala emhumeni waseTunel Wielki, enyakatho nje yeKraków. Kwaqala ukumbiwa ngeminyaka yawo-1960, lo mhume uqukethe imikhondo yemisebenzi yabantu okwakucatshangwa ukuthi yayingeqile eminyakeni engu-40,000 ubudala.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuqaphela ukuthi ezinye zezilwane ezihlala ngaphakathi emhumeni zibonakala zingamakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka ubudala, abavubukuli banquma ukubuyela endaweni ngo-2018. Ukumba bajule enhlabathini kunokuba imivubukulo yangaphambilini ihambile, abacwaningi bathola izingqimba ze-sediment. eyayinamathambo ezilwane ezaziphila eminyakeni ephakathi kuka-450,000 550,000 no-XNUMX XNUMX edlule.
Phakathi kwalezi kwakukhona izilwane ezidla inyama eziningana ezinkulu ezashabalala, kuhlanganise ne "i-Lycaon lycaonoides enkulu" - uhlobo olukhulu lwenja yasendle eyanyamalala enkabeni yeYurophu eminyakeni eyi-400,000 edlule. Ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezesabekayo zasendulo ezifana ne-Eurasian jaguar, impisi yaseMosbach, nohlobo lwebhere lasemhumeni okuthiwa i-Ursus deningeri zonke zatholakala zihlezi kulo mhume phakathi nale nkathi.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu, nokho, ukuthi abacwaningi bathola izinto zokwenziwa ze-flint ezingama-40 ngaphakathi kongqimba olufanayo lwenzinga, okubonisa ukuthi la mathuluzi akhiqizwa ngalesi sikhathi somlando. Ngakho-ke, iminyaka yabo iphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi zenziwa ngu-H. heidelbergensis, okwakuhlala kwezinye izingosi kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngalesi sikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, nakuba ezinye izindawo eziseduze okwakuhlala abantu kuzo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyizindawo zokuhlala ezivulekile, lezi ngezokuqala ezitholakala ngaphakathi komhume.
“Samangala ukuthi eminyakeni ewuhhafu wesigidi edlule abantu kule ndawo bahlala emigedeni, ngoba lezo kwakungezona izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokumisa amatende,” kuchaza umbhali wocwaningo uMałgorzata Kot esitatimendeni. “Umswakama nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kungakuthena amandla lokho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umhume uyisiphephelo semvelo. Yindawo evaliwe enikeza umuzwa wokulondeka. Sithole imikhondo engase ibonise ukuthi abantu ababehlala lapho basebenzise umlilo, okungenzeka ukuthi usize ukuthambisa lezi zindawo ezimnyama nezinomswakama.”
Nakuba lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi abantu base bengene ngempela eCarpathians cishe eminyakeni engu-500,000 edlule, u-Kot uthe cishe babengeke bakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni eziphakeme kuno-Tunel Wielki. “Mancane amathuba okuthi baye kude le enyakatho,” echaza. "Mhlawumbe sisemkhawulweni osenyakatho wokusinda kwabo."
Abacwaningi manje banethemba lokuqinisekisa ukucabangela kwabo ngokuthola amathambo e-H. heidelbergensis endaweni ye-Tunel Wielki. Ngeshwa, okwamanje abakwazanga ukukhomba izinsalela ze-hominid ngaphakathi komhume ngenxa yokuthi ufuzo oluqukethe alukasinda.
Ucwaningo lushicilelwe kumagazini Imibiko Yesayensi. Funda incwadi isihloko sokuqala
