I-Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History ibhale okungenani izinhlobo ezingu-21 zabantu eziqashelwa ososayensi abaningi. Lezi zinhlobo zabantu zasendulo, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-hominins, zithatha isikhathi esicishe sibe yiminyaka eyizigidi eziyisithupha. Kusuka Homo habilis, owaphila eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-2.8 edlule, ukuze I-Homo neanderthalensis, eyanyamalala eminyakeni engu-40,000 XNUMX nje edlule, uhlobo ngalunye lwalunezici zalo ezihlukile nezindlela zalo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Lokhu kwehlukahlukana okumangalisayo kuphakamisa umbuzo othakazelisayo - kungani kunjalo kuphela homo sapiens, izinhlobo zethu, zasinda futhi zachuma kuyilapho ezinye zibhubha? Sekuyiminyaka ososayensi bebhekana nale mfihlakalo, behlola imibono ehlukahlukene futhi behlaziya ubufakazi obungenakubalwa.
Omunye umbono owandile usikisela lokho Homo sapiens, ngamakhono abo okuqonda, babevele bakuhlomele kangcono ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo futhi baphumelele ukudlula ezinye izinhlobo ze-hominin. Inhlanganisela yethu eyingqayizivele yobuhlakani, amakhono olimi, kanye nezinhlaka zomphakathi ezithuthukile kungenzeka ukuthi kusinikeze phezulu ekusindeni nasekukhiqizeni kabusha.
Okunye okungenzeka ukuthi ukuzalanisa kanye nokufana kofuzo kwenzeka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hominin. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ubufakazi bokuzalanisa phakathi Homo sapiens kanye namaNeanderthal, kanye namanye ama-hominins asendulo afana namaDenisovans. Lokhu kusebenzisana kungenzeka kube nomphumela wokumuncwa kwezinye izici zofuzo kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kwandise ukuguquguquka nokuqina kwe I-Homo sapiens.
Kodwa-ke, ukushoda kobufakazi bezinsalela, ikakhulukazi kusukela ezikhathini lapho izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zaziphila ndawonye, kwenza kube nzima ukufakazela ngokuqinisekile le mibono. Umlando wezinsalela awuphelele futhi uhlukene, ushiya izikhala eziningi ekuqondeni kwethu ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, intuthuko ekuhlaziyeni izakhi zofuzo inikeze imininingwane emisha emlandweni wethu wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngokukhipha nokuhlaziya i-DNA ezinsalela ze-hominin yasendulo, ososayensi bakwazile ukwembula ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuxhumana kwethu kofuzo nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Lezi zifundo zembule okutholwe okumangazayo, njengokuba khona kwe-Neanderthal DNA kuzakhi zofuzo zabantu banamuhla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwe-hominin DNA yasendulo luye lwembula nokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezithile zabantu ezazingaziwa ngaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, ukutholakala kwamaDenisovans eSiberia kwenziwa kwaba nokwenzeka ngokuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo zocezu lwethambo lomunwe olutholakala emhumeni. Lokhu kugqamisa ikhono lokutholwa kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nendawo engashiwongo esasele ekuqondeni kwethu ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu.
Ekugcineni, umbuzo wokuthi kungani uhlobo olulodwa kuphela - Homo sapiens – usindile uhlala engaphenduliwe. Ukuhlola le mfihlakalo akubalulekile nje kuphela ekubambeni kwethu okwedlule kodwa kungasikhanyisela ngekusasa lethu njengohlobo lwezilwane. Ngokutadisha uhambo lwethu lokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nezici eziholele ekusindeni kwethu, singathola iwindi elihlukile lezinselele namathuba asazo.
Njengoba siqhubeka nokwembula ubufakazi obusha futhi sicwenga imibono yethu, kufanele sihlale sivulekele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi indaba yokuguquguquka komuntu iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ixhumene kunalokho esikuqonda njengamanje. Mhlawumbe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sizovula izimfihlo zokhokho bethu basendulo, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, sizuze ukuqonda okujulile ngathi.
Ekugcineni, abantu namuhla bawukuphela kwezinhlobo eziye zasinda ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ze-hominin. Nakuba lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zazifana nathi futhi zinenhlanganisela yezinto ezibonakala kubantu namuhla, azisekho. Kudingeka sibone ukuthi singazivumelanisa kahle kangakanani nezinguquko endaweni esihlala kuyo ezibangelwa izenzo zethu namashifu emvelo.
