Ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-4,000 ukhuphuka izintaba ze-Andes ePeru, futhi kwakuhlala abantu baseChachapoya, ababizwa nangokuthi "Amaqhawe Wamafu."
Kunolwazi oluncane lokuqala noma oluhlukile lwamaChachapoyas. Okuningi esikwaziyo ngesiko leChachapoyas kusekelwe ebufakazini bemivubukulo obuvela emanxiweni, ezobumba, amathuna, nezinye izinto zakudala.
Elinye lamadolobha aseChachapoya elinabantu abaningi liphakeme ngamamitha ayi-3,000 14 futhi likhombisa ukuthi izakhamizi zalo zazingabakhi abakhulu futhi mhlawumbe babusa umbuso omkhulu. IRadiocarbon (Carbon-800) ihlaziya usuku lokwakhiwa okuningi kuye cishe ngo-500 AD, ngaphandle komnyango omkhulu osukela ku-XNUMX AD.
Kuyo yonke iMelika, azikho izakhiwo ezifanayo, kepha zikhona ezifanayo phakathi kwabantu baseCeltic baseYurophu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zakudala zamaCelt eGalicia. Ezinye izingebhezi zikaChachapoya zikhombisa ubufakazi bokuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwenziwa kubo, okusinde kuzo iziguli. Lo mkhuba wokuhlinza wawusivele waziwa eMedithera lapho uchazwa khona cishe nge-500 BC, kanti kutholakala izingebhezi ezisikiwe zamaCeltic ezindaweni zase-Austrian.
Umbuso weChachapoya wawuseMpumalanga yePeru, kude nendawo yethonya loMbuso Wama-Inca. Yize ukungcwatshwa kwabo bekujwayele ukwenzeka ngaphakathi emakhaya, okuyisiko okwabelwana ngalo namaCelt, babenza namangcwaba emaweni asemaweni amakhulu, futhi bashiye imidwebo yabantu abanezigqoko zekhanda eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihehayo. AmaCelt nawo ayemelela onkulunkulu bawo ngezigqoko ezifanayo.
Isimo sezulu sendawo siletha iziphepho ezivame kakhulu ezidala ukukhukhuleka komhlaba okwaziyo ukungcwaba amadolobha ayesezigodini, ngenxa yalesi sizathu amaChachapoyas akhetha ukwakha eziqongweni zezintaba. Ngesikhathi semvula enamandla, ukutholakala kokungcwatshwa ku-2,800 m kwatholakala futhi abavubukuli bakwazi ukubuyisa izidumbu ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezazisinde eziphephweni nasekuphangeni.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamathambo kuveze ukuthi amaChachapoyas amaningi ahlaselwe yizifo ezinjengesifo sofuba, okwakucatshangwa ukuthi yethulwe eMelika ngabaseSpain ngemuva kokutholwa, kepha lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amaChachapoyas avele ahlupheka kuwo emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambili. Lokhu kuholele ekucabangeni ukuthi amaChachapoyas ayeyinzalo yabantu baseYurophu abafika eMelika emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambi kukaColumbus.
Futhi kwakungabantu abangamaqhawe, amathambo amaningi akhombisa ukuthi bafa ngokuqhekeka kogebhezi futhi babulawa ngokuhlukumezeka. Futhi izikhali zabo ezijwayeleke kakhulu ukuzohlasela zisekude kwakuyizigaxa, ezahluke kakhulu kulezo ezitholakala engxenyeni ye-Inca yasePeru kodwa zifana kakhulu nezinsimbi zamaCelt zaseBalearic Islands.
Umshayi wendwayimana weBalearic, umpetha womhlaba ngokudubula indwayimane, uhlola isihlilingi seChachapoya futhi athi zifana ncamashi nezihlilingi zendabuko zeBalearic.
Izici zeChachapoyas
Ezinye izinzalo zamaChachapoyas zigcina izici ezibonakalayo ezibahlukanisa nezinye izizwe zama-Amazonia noma ama-Inca. Banesikhumba esikhanyayo futhi abaningi banezinwele ezimhloshana noma ezibomvu, ngokungafani nebala lethusi nezinwele ezimnyama zezinye izizwe eziseNingizimu Melika. Abanye babahloli bamazwe bokuqala baseSpain sebevele babonile lokho kwehlukana okwenza amaChachapoyas afane kakhulu nabaseYurophu kunabaseNingizimu Melika.
Amasampula amathe avela ezinganeni ezinalezi zici zomzimba ahlaziyiwe eMolecular Genetic Institute eRotterdam. Yize iningi le-genome yabo lingumdabu waseNingizimu Melika ngokweqiniso, amanye afaka phakathi kwama-10 no-50% wezakhi zofuzo zemvelaphi yamaCelt, ikakhulukazi evela eNgilandi naseGalicia.
Ngabe inzalo yamaChachapoyas yezizwe zamaCeltic ingena nini emikhunjini yaseCarthageya eyawela i-Atlantic lapho ibalekela ibutho lamaRoma?
Ngaphandle kwezinkomba eziningi ezikhomba lokhu okungenzeka, iqiniso ukuthi abukho ubufakazi obuqanda ikhanda. Mhlawumbe izifundo ezintsha zokuvubukula noma zofuzo zizokuqinisekisa lokhu, kepha abanye abavubukuli kanye nezazi zamaChachapoyas sebevele beqinisekile ngakho.
