Esiqhingini esisogwini lwaseSweden, abavubukuli bathola okwethusayo enqabeni endala eyaziwa ngokuthi iSandby borg. Lapho, iqhwa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi, indawo elondoloziwe, kwakuyidolobhana lonke labantu ababebulewe yibutho elithile labahlaseli. Amathambo atholakele ebulewe emaphaseji amadala, eminyango, kanti konke kubonakala sengathi basezikhundleni eziphakamisa ukuthi babanjwe ngamangala ngokuphelele.
Kubonakale kuwubufakazi bokuhlelwa okuhleleke kakhulu kunabo bonke. Incazelo elula ngamaViking, kepha abantu kungenzeka bababone beza ngezikebhe, futhi abavubukuli nabo bathola amagugu amaningi kanye nengcebo, okwakungathathwa ngamaViking ahlaselayo. Imibuzo manje ekhathaza izazi-mlando yilena: Ngubani osule lonke leli dolobhana masinyane nangokuzumayo? Futhi kungani bengafuni ubucwebe?
Ukutholwa Kwesibhicongo SaseSandby Fort
Ngo-2010, abavubukuli bavakashela isiqhingi esisogwini lwaseSweden, ngemuva kokuzwa ngabazingeli bomcebo bephanga indawo yokuvubukula. Abantu bendawo babaxwayisa ukuthi bangasondeli edulini eliluhlaza, lapho kwakukhona khona isigodi sasendulo. Lapho beqala ukumba, bavumbulula amathambo okuqala, kwalandela okunye, kwalandela okunye. Eyodwa yayinamazinyo ezimbuzi amane eminyene emlonyeni wayo ovulekile. Endlini eyodwa kutholakale izidumbu eziyisishiyagalolunye. Abazange bafe ukufa okujwayelekile njengenhlekelele yemvelo noma umqedazwe, bonke babulawa ngesihluku!
Oshicilelweni lwango-Ephreli 2018 lwephephabhuku i-Antiquity, abacwaningi baveze imininingwane eminingi ngalesi sibhicongo, bephakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi akwenzelwanga ukuphangwa, kepha kungenxa yepolitiki.
Ukubulawa Kwesandby Borg
Ngosuku olufana nolunye, abahlali bekhulu lesi-5 baseSandby borg benza ibhizinisi labo njengokujwayelekile. Kuleli dolobhana elichumayo esiqhingini sase-Öland, ngasogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yeSweden, abantu babedla isidlo sasemini se-herring noma benakekela iziko. Kwabe sekuhlasela inhlekelele.
Abahlaseli abayimfihlakalo bahlasela izindonga zamatshe ze-ringfort. Sebengenile ngaphakathi, babulala izakhamuzi zakhona lapho zazimi khona. Labo ababaleka ngomgwaqo noma abazama ukubaleka emakhaya baboshwa, babulawa. Sekukonke, kushone abantu abangaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Omunye kwakuyikhehla, elawela eziko livulekele ngemuva kokushaywa kabuhlungu yikhakhayi lakhe. Omunye kwakuyingane enezinyanga ezimbalwa nje ubudala. Iminyaka eminingi, izidumbu zabo zazilele lapho bewele khona, zingangcwatshwanga abahlaseli babo futhi bazishiya zibola.
Izindlu bezivaliwe nendawo ishiyiwe. Akuzange kuphangwe ngemuva kokubulawa kwabantu, futhi omakhelwane esiqhingini esinabantu abaningi abaphazamisanga isiza, ngakho-ke abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi le ndawo yathathwa njengeyimikhuba iminyaka ngemuva kokuhlaselwa. Ngenkathi izindonga ze-turf zezindlu zayo zidilika, iSandby borg yaphenduka ithuna elingajulile, elinamathambo afihlwe ngamasentimitha angaphansi komhlaba.
Bavumbule iziqeshana ezinhlanu zobucwebe bezindlu ezisenkabeni yenqaba. Izilondolozi zifaka ama-brooches esiliva namabell, amasongo egolide, ubuhlalu be-amber kanye nengilazi. Kwakukhona nezicucu zegobolondo le-cowrie, ezihlatshwa ukuze ziboshwe emgezeni. Imali ayifakwanga ngokungahleliwe. Ngamunye wangcwatshwa ngaphakathi emnyango wendlu, ngakwesokunxele somnyango. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi abesifazane base-fort bafihla izinto zabo eziyigugu ezindaweni ezibekiwe ngaphambili.
Iningi lamathambo atholakale eSandby borg ringfort akhombisile ukuthi abantu bahlaselwe ngemuva noma ohlangothini. Izisulu ziphinde zantula amanxeba okuzivikela ezandleni zazo, ziphakamisa ukuthi le mpi ibingeyona eyokulwa futhi ibiyisigameko sokubulawa kwabantu.
Kuze kube manje leli thimba selimbe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi esiza labe seliphenya ingxenyana yezindlu ezingama-10. Bacabanga ukuthi amakhulu amathambo asazovulwa. Kepha emsebenzini wabo bafundile ngabakhileyo benkosi.
Lapho Kwakhiwa USandby Borg?
Eyakhelwe cishe ngo-400 AD, iSandby borg yazungeza indawo elingana nenkundla yebhola. Leli sayithi lingelinye lama- “borgs” afanayo angaphezu kwayishumi nambili, noma izinqaba, e-Öland, zonke ezakhiwa ngeNkathi Yokufuduka, okuyisikhathi sezinxushunxushu eYurophu esaqala ngekhulu lesine AD futhi saphangisa ukuwa koMbuso WaseRoma.
Izinqaba zazifana namakamelo aphephile uma kwenzeka zihaqwa noma zihlaselwa kungazelelwe futhi zazingafinyelelwa ngemizuzu embalwa zibalekile zivela emapulazini aseduze. Izindunduma zaseSandby borg ezingamamitha angu-15 ukuphakama yake yavikela izindlu ezingama-53 nezitolo zazo zokudla. Okusele kwezindonga zeSandby Fort manje kuzungeze indawo eyisicaba yotshani, futhi azide ngokwanele ngokwanele ukuphula imimoya enamandla.
I-mustland kufanele ukuthi yayiyindawo yokuhlala eyingozi futhi mhlawumbe eyesabekayo ukuhlala kuyo - inogu olubukeka lungapheli lwabahlaseli basolwandle ukuze bahlale kulo futhi azikho izithiyo zemvelo zokubambezela abahlaseli. Ngisho nanamuhla, lesi siqhingi singaba yindawo exakile, enqabelayo. Iphindwe izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili kuneManhattan, iyisicaba, inomoya futhi ayinalutho. Noma kunjalo akukho kulokhu okuyekise abantu ukuhlala lapho. Izimpawu zokuqala zokuhlala kwabantu zisukela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, futhi lesi siqhingi sisagcwele amabala amade okungcwaba iBronze Age nama-runestones eViking.
