Cishe emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, lapho iqembu labahloli belisebenza kumkhankaso wokuhlola nowokuhlola osogwini olusentshonalanga yeCuba, imishini yabo ye-sonar yathatha uchungechunge oludidayo lwezakhiwo zamatshe ezazisemamitheni angama-650 ngaphansi komhlaba.
Lezi zinhlaka zivele zafana ngokuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa 'nogwadule' oluyinyumba olwandle futhi kwabonakala kukhombisa amatshe ahlelwe ngokulingana akhumbuza intuthuko yasemadolobheni. Ama-tabloids nezikhungo zocwaningo zaqhuma zathola izindaba zalokhu kutholakala okuthakazelisayo kwamanzi, okukhombisa “idolobha elilahlekile lase-Atlantis.”
Ukutholwa kwedolobha elingaphansi kwamanzi laseCuba
Ngo-2001, uPauline Zalitzki, unjiniyela wasolwandle kanye nohhafu wakhe ongcono uPaul Weinzweig bathola ubufakazi bezinto ezinhle ezenziwe njengezakhiwo ezijulile olwandle i-Atlantic.
UPaul wayenenkampani yaseCanada ebizwa ngokuthi Ukuxhumana Okuthuthukile Kwedijithali (ADC) ebisebenza ngokubambisana noHulumeni waseCuba ngenhloso yocwaningo. Kwakungenye yezinkampani ezine ezaziphenya ulwandle ngenkathi kuseshwa imikhumbi eyayithwele ingcebo ngesikhathi sekoloni laseSpain. Lokhu kuhlola kwakwenziwa ngasogwini lweNhlonhlo yaseGuanahacabibes esifundazweni sasePinar del Río eCuba.
Ithimba le-ADC lisebenzise imishini esezingeni eliphakeme yeSonar ukutadisha amanzi aseCuba lapho bebona amatshe angajwayelekile nezakhiwo zegranite olwandle. Izinto zazingumumo wamatshe wokulinganisa nowokumajometri ngokungafani nalokho ongalindela ukukuthola kufana nezinsalela zempucuko yasemadolobheni. Usesho lumboze indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ama-2 ngobude obuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-2000 nezinyawo ezingama-2460.
Ukuhlolwa okuseduze, iqembu lithumele irobhothi elibukwayo elingaphansi kwamanzi elirekhode kabusha izithombe zezakhiwo ngokulungiswa okungcono nokucacile. Izithombe ezintsha zanquma ukwakheka okwakungamaphiramidi amancane kanti ezinye zaziyisiyingi, zenziwe ngamatshe amakhulu abushelelezi afana negranite eqoshiwe. Ubukhulu bamaphiramidi kubikwa ukuthi bulinganiselwa cishe kumamitha ayi-8 ngamamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama nobubanzi. Amanye amadwala abekiwe phezu komunye nomunye ngenkathi amanye engekho futhi kude kakhulu.
Kwabamangaza abacwaningi ukubona ukuthi amatshe afana nenkimbinkimbi yasemadolobheni angacwiliswa ngokujule kangaka olwandle. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi uhla olukhulu lwamatshe luthuthele phansi olwandle kwakuyimfihlakalo okungekho noyedwa owayengaxazulula.
Yini etholwe yithimba labaphenyi ngemuva kokwenza uphenyo olunzulu?
Ithimba le-ADC belingafuni ukufika esiphethweni ngokubona ukuthi izithombe bezingahunyushwa kanjani ngokungeyikho. Babenqena ukuvuma ukuthi bangaba izinsalela zedolobha elicwile ngaphandle kophenyo oluqhubekayo. Izingcezwana zalesi siza zathunyelwa kuManuel Iturralde, isazi sokuma komhlaba sasolwandle, owafunda izingcezu ukuze aphethe ngokuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa yayingavamile kakhulu.
Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi itshe elihle kangaka bekungathatha iminyaka engu-50,000 XNUMX noma ngaphezulu ukucwila ekujuleni kolwandle. "Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthi amasiko angaleso sikhathi akwazi ukwakha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi," Kusho uManuel Iturralde. "Ukuchaza kahle la masampula endaweni yokubuka komhlaba kunzima kakhulu" Wanezela.
Izikhungo zezindaba zithi 'yiDolobha Elilahlekile lase-Atlantis'
Ngokushesha, izinhlangano zezindaba zabika ukufana phakathi kokutholakala kwakamuva nedolobha elilahlekile lase-Atlantis. Kodwa-ke, ithimba le-ADC lilahle noma yikuphi ukuqagela okunjalo lathi ukutholwa akunakuqhathaniswa. "Indaba inganekwane," kusho uZalitzki, "Esikutholile cishe yizinsalela zesiko lendawo."
Abaphenyi bashesha ukuxoxa izinganekwane zendawo zamaMaya nabomdabu baseYucateco abachaza indawo yokuhlala okhokho babo. Isiqhingi sabo sonke sakhukhulwa amagagasi olwandle. I-Iturralde ibingakulungele ukwamukela noma yimiphi imibono exhumanisa ukutholwa nemiphakathi elahlekile.
U-Iturralde ubalule ukuthi ukwakheka kwamatshe kungaba indalo eyisimangaliso yoMama Wemvelo hhayi okunye. Uchwepheshe wezemivubukulo engaphansi kwamanzi eFlorida State University wanezela “Bekungaba kuhle uma beqinisile, kodwa bekuzothuthuka impela kunoma yini esizoyibona eNew World ngaleso sikhathi. Izakhiwo ziphelelwe yisikhathi futhi azikho endaweni. ”
Ingabe idolobha elingaphansi kwamanzi laseCuba liyinganekwane?
Umbhali oholayo wocwaningo, uSolwazi Julian Andrews, wase-University of East Anglia's School of Environmental Sciences, utshele i-CNN: "Isiphakamiso sokuthi babeyizinsalela zemivubukulo silethwe izivakashi ezazibhukuda zabona lezi zinto futhi zacabanga ukuthi zakhiwe ngamatshe."
Iziphathimandla zaseGrisi zaphenya le ndawo, kepha azitholanga bufakazi obusekelayo bokuthi leli kwakuyitheku lasendulo ledolobha elalahleka olwandle. Ngemuva kophenyo olunzulu, baphetha ngokuthi izinhlaka zangaphansi kwamanzi ziyisisekelo sezinsalela kusukela esikhathini sePliocene, esivele sikhishwe yimisinga yolwandle.
Impendulo evela kuhulumeni waseCuba
Uhulumeni waseCuba oholwa nguMongameli Fidel Castro naye wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekutholeni iqiniso ngokutholakala okungajwayelekile kanye neNational Geographic Society neNational Museum yaseCuba. Intshisekelo enkulu phakathi kwezakhamizi zezwe kanye nabezindaba bebefuna ekugcineni ukuxhuma amachashazi futhi bamemezele ukuthi ukutholwa kuyinto yasendulo nenhle kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Sekuyiminyaka ecishe ibe ngamashumi amabili ukutholwa kwenziwa. Ukwaziswa nomdlandla ngedolobha eliyimfihlakalo elisolwandle olujulile laseCuba sekuqediwe kwabezindaba nakuma-tabloid. Ucwaningo manje lumile futhi ngaphandle kwedatha eyengeziwe, kubonakala sengathi zonke izimpendulo zigcwele ukungaqiniseki. Kepha izithombe zokuqala ze-sonar zalokho okwabizwa ngokuthi idolobha elilahlekile zaba nomthelela omkhulu kuhulumeni waseCuba kanye nabantu bawo.
Umhlaba uhlala uthakazeliswa yimpicabadala yempucuko yasendulo, futhi okwesikhashana i- “Underwater City of Cuba” ibingesinye sezihloko ezingachazeki nezingajwayelekile. Kusalele ukuthula ekujuleni kolwandle futhi kuyadida njengakuqala.
Ukutholwa okufanayo kakhulu kwenziwa ngo-1986, ngasogwini lwesiQhingi saseYonaguni eJapan. Kuyaziwa njenge “Itshe Lesikhumbuzo leYonaguni” noma “Amanxiwa Angaphansi Kwasemanzini” okwakhiwa kwamadwala angaphansi komlando okwakhiwa ngamaqoqo amakhulu angaxakile aze afike ezitezi ezi-5 ukuphakama futhi kukholakala kakhulu ukuthi yisakhiwo sokuzenzela 'esenziwe ngokuphelele'.
