Konke lokhu kwaqala ngo-1970 ngenkathi i-United States Environmental Science Service Administration (ESSA) ishicilela emaphephandabeni ezinye izithombe ezithwetshulwe yisathelayithi i-ESSA-7 ehambelana neNorth Pole. Esinye sezithombe siqhamuke nesibhakabhaka esicwebile siveza nomgodi omkhulu lapho bekufanele khona ukuthi uPole abe khona. Lezi zithombe zabanga impikiswano enkulu phakathi kwabantu, ababezibuza ukuthi umgodi oyindilinga opendwe kahle kangakanani phezu kwe-Arctic.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umhleli wephephabhuku iFlying Saucer no-urologist uRay Palmer bathola esithombeni esashicilelwa yi-NASA isizathu esisemqoka sokuqhubekisela phambili imibono yezimpucuko eziphambili zangaphansi komhlaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunendaba ka-Admiral Richard E. Byrd okuxoxwe ngayo esihlokweni esandulele. Lo mhloli wamazwe wasePoland uqophe kwidayari yakhe amava abenawo ngenkathi endiza kwelinye lamaPoland ngo-1928. Lapho, umshayeli wendiza walandisa, wabona ubukhona bezigodi ezimangalisayo nobukhona bezilwane zangaphambi komlando.
Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwashaqisa umphakathi jikelele, owaqala ukungabaza ukuthi umbono womhlaba ongasho lutho uzoba yiqiniso. Njengomphumela walokho okwenzeka ku-Byrd, u-Amadeo Giannini wabhala izindatshana nezincwadi ezinjenge Worlds Beyond the Poles, lapho athi khona ukuthi uByrd wayengandizanga phezu kwe-Arctic, kodwa wayengene komunye wemigodi eholela enkabeni yoMhlaba ngephutha .
Kungaleso sikhathi-ke lapho uRay Palmer, osuselwe ikakhulu kule ncwadi eshiwo ngenhla nguGiannini, ashicilela lo mbono kumagazini wakhe kaDisemba 1959, ethumela incwadi ebabazekayo kuyo. Ngokusho kukaGiannini noPalmer, ngesikhathi ethi wayezodlula eNorth Pole ngo-1947, uVice Admiral Byrd wakhuluma ngomsakazo wabona ngezansi kwakhe ukuthi kwakungeyona iqhwa, kepha kwakuyizindawo zomhlaba ezinezintaba, amahlathi, izimila, amachibi nemifula futhi, phakathi komhlonyane, isilwane esingajwayelekile esasibukeka njengesihlava.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sathola izazi ezinkulu zezinkanyezi kanye nezibalo ezasekela umbono weHollow Earth. Omunye wabo kwakunguDkt.Edmond Halley, isazi sezinkanyezi saseNgilandi ngekhulu le-18 futhi owathola iHalley's Comet. Lokhu kwasho ukuthi uMhlaba wawungenalutho ngaphakathi nokuthi ngaphakathi kuwo kwakunezigaxa ezintathu ezinesikhungo esincibilikisiwe selava, esasisebenza "njengelanga elingaphakathi". UNewton naye wayekholelwa kulo mbono.
Omunye usosayensi owavikela umbono kaHollow Earth kwakunguLeonhard Euler, isazi sezibalo sekhulu le-18. Uveze ukuthi ngaphandle kokuthi uyize, uMhlaba unezikhala ezimbili ezihambelana namaPolesi omhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwemibono yesayensi ngakho, umbono wokuthi uMhlaba uyize ngaphakathi uvuse ukucabanga kwababhali nabadwebi abaningi. Omunye wemisebenzi owaziwa kakhulu okhuluma ngayo yiJourney to the Center of the Earth, uJules Verne (1864). Omunye umsebenzi owaziwayo ngu-Edgar Allan Poe's The Adventures of Arthur Gordon Pym (1833). Lezi zinoveli kanye nezinye eziningi ziye zagcina kuphila umbono wokuthi uMhlaba awunalutho, nokuthi futhi ngaphakathi kuwo kukhona impucuko ethuthuke kakhulu ukwedlula eyethu, abakhileyo bendawo.
Njengamanje, kusenziwa izivivinyo, kulokhu ngosizo lobuchwepheshe obuphambili esingabanikazi babo. Ngo-1965, kwethulwa iphrojekthi eholwa yi-USSR: kwakumayelana nokwenza umthombo ujule ngamakhilomitha ayi-15, owawubizwa ngokuthi yiKola well. Kuthiwa imiphumela abayitholile kulo msebenzi ayidalulwanga emphakathini futhi bebengawuzwa umsindo wamazwi abantu nawezilwane ngosizo lwemibhobho ezwela kakhulu.
Izifundo zamagagasi aphansi ziye zenziwa ukuthola ukuthi yini esemhlabathini woMhlaba. Kulezi zifundo, kutholakele ukuthi phakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-450 kuya kwangama-500 wokujula, kukhona ushintsho ebusweni, uhlobo lobumbano oluhlukanisa omunye umugqa woMhlaba. Futhi ngemuva kwalesi senzakalo, isignali ye-wave ilahlekile ngokuphelele, sengathi kunokuthile okuthusayo kusuka kuleli banga. Kuphela imisindo emincane engacacile nokuthula kuthathwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa akuphumelanga obala emphakathini kodwa kugcinwe kuyimfihlo kulabo abenze lezi zifundo.
Sithola nokuphikisana ezandleni zososayensi abaziwayo, ngoba beze baqinisekisa ukuthi njalo emamitheni angama-30 izinga lokushisa loMhlaba lenyuka ngezinga elilodwa. Uma kunjalo, isikhungo saso (esingamakhilomitha ayizi-6,500 220,000 ukujula) besingafinyelela izinga lokushisa elingu-6,000 ºC, okungasho ukuthi izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi eMhlabeni liyoba likhulu kakhulu kunalelo loqweqwe lwelanga, olufinyelela ku-XNUMX ºC kuphela.
Kepha ingabe le mbono yehlela eMhlabeni nje? impendulo ithi cha. Abaxhasi balo mbono bathi amanye amaplanethi nawo anezimbobo ezimbili ezibandayo nelanga elingaphakathi. Nalapha futhi, i-NASA ibizoguqula izithombe ezithathiwe zamaplanethi wesistimu elanga ukucubungula izimbobo abanazo kumaPoles abo.
Bese kuba khona amalambu asenyakatho, okucatshangwe ukuthi angumphumela welanga elingaphakathi elibekwe maphakathi neplanethi. Omunye wabavikeli - nabagqugquzeli balo mbono kwakunguMarshall B. Gardner, owabhala incwadi ethi Journey to the Interior of the Earth. UGardner uphakamise ukuthi kukhona amalambu we-polar ku-Mars, Venus naseMercury, aqhamuka emisebeni yelanga lawo eliphakathi, ewela ukuvuleka kwezindawo ezibandayo. Izibani ze-polar ezikhanyisayo yilezo zeLights Lights, ezingekho ngenxa yamagnetism, kodwa elangeni eliphakathi noMhlaba. Imibuzo ecabangayo mayelana nale mbono:
- Kungani kungavunyelwe ukundiza phezu kwezigxobo?
- Kungani iGoogle Earth icwaninga ububanzi bezindawo ezibandayo?
- Kungani imbewu eshisayo, izitshalo, nezihlahla zitholakala zintanta emanzini angenasawoti ngaphakathi kweqhwa?
- Kungani izinkulungwane zezinyoni nezilwane ezishisayo zifudukela enyakatho ebusika?
- Kungani kushisa kumaPoles ngaphezu kwe-1,500 km ukusuka kubo?
- Kungani izithombe zeNASA zihlola izithombe ezihlobene namaPoles of the Earth?
