Abembi bezinto zakudala bafumanise izixhobo ezininzi kwimbali yangaphambi kwembali. Uninzi lwazo lwakhiwe ngamatye, kodwa iqela labaphandi eSpain lafumanisa izixhobo ezimangalisayo zekristale yamatye. Enye yezona zinto zinomtsalane zekristale, ezibonisa ubuncinci i-3,000 BC, ibonisa isakhono esingaqhelekanga salo mntu uyikroliyo.
Ukufunyanwa okumangalisayo kwenziwa kwi Montelirio tholos, ingcwaba le-megalithic kumazantsi eSpeyin. Le ndawo inkulu yenziwe ngezileyiti ezinkulu kwaye imalunga neemitha ezingama-50 ubude. Isayithi yagrunjwa phakathi kwe-2007 kunye ne-2010, kwaye isifundo kwizixhobo zekristale zakhululwa kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva ngabafundi beYunivesithi yaseGranada, iYunivesithi yaseSeville, kunye neBhunga eliPhakamileyo laseSpain loPhando lwezeNzululwazi. Bafumene iintolo ezingama-25 kunye neencakuba ukongeza kwikrele.
I-crystal yamatye ixhaphake kwiindawo zokuqala zase-Iberia, ngokutsho kwesifundo, nangona kunqabile ukuba kuhlolwe ngobunzulu. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwezi zixhobo zodwa, kufuneka siqale sivavanye iimeko ezazifunyenwe kuzo.
Iziphumo zetolos yaseMontelirio?
Ngaphakathi kweeMontelirio tholos, kwafunyanwa amathambo abantu abangama-25 ubuncinci. Ngokophando lwangaphambili, ubuncinci yindoda enye kunye nabasetyhini abaninzi babhubha ngenxa yetyhefu. Iintsalela zabafazi zacwangciswa ngetyhula egumbini elikufutshane namathambo enkokeli yeqela.
Kwafunyanwa izinto ezininzi zomngcwabo, kuquka “iilaphu okanye izambatho ezenziwe ngamashumi amawaka amaso ahlatyiweyo aza ahonjiswe ngamaso ambala obomvu,” izinto ezenziwe ngophondo lwendlovu namagqabi egolide. Ngenxa yokuba i-crystal arrowheads yafunyanwa kunye, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba zinokuba yinxalenye yomnikelo wesithethe. I-trousseau yomngcwabo nayo yafunyanwa, equlethe iindlovu, ubucwebe, izixhobo, kunye neqanda leenciniba.
Ikrele elingcwele?
Kwaye kuthekani ngekrele lekristale? “Kunye nesibambiso sophondo lwendlovu kunye nesakala,” yafunyanwa yodwa kwindawo eyahlukileyo. I-8.5-intshi-ubude be-dagger ibunjwe ngokufana nezinye iinqumle zexesha lembali (umahluko, ngokuqinisekileyo, kukuba ezo zixhobo zenziwe nge-flint kwaye le yikristale).
Ikristale, ngokweengcali, yayiya kuba nexabiso elibonakalayo ngelo xesha. Abantu abaphezulu basebenzise eli litye ukuzuza amandla okanye, ngokutsho kwentsomi, amandla omlingo. Ngenxa yoko, eli krele le-crystal lisenokusetyenziswa kwiminyhadala eyahlukeneyo. Ingalo yesi sixhobo yindlovu. Oku, ngokweengcali, bubungqina obungakumbi bokuba le krele le-crystal yayingowodidi olulawulayo lwelo xesha.
Ubuchule obukhulu kubugcisa
Ukugqityezelwa kwesi sitshetshe sekristale kubonisa ukuba saveliswa ziingcibi ezazinobuchule kumsebenzi wazo. Abaphandi bayijonga “njengeyona zihambele phambili kwezobugcisa” into eyakha yafunyanwa kwixa elidluleyo laseIberia, yaye ukuyikrola kwakuya kufuna ubuchule obungathethekiyo.
Ubungakanani bekrele lekristale lithetha ukuba yenziwe ngebhulukhwe yeglasi enye malunga ne-20 cm ubude kunye ne-5 cm ubukhulu, ngokweengcali. Ukucoca uxinzelelo kwakusetyenziselwa ukwenza iintloko ezili-16, ezibandakanya ukususa izikali ezincinci kumda welitye. Oku kufana neentloko zeentsimbi zembonakalo, nangona kunjalo abaphandi bathi ukwenza izinto ezinje ngekristale kufuna ubuchule ngakumbi.
Intsingiselo yezixhobo zekristale
Izinto zokuyila ezi zinto zidaliweyo kwakufuneka zifunyenwe kude kuba kwakungekho migodi yekristale ikufutshane. Oku kunika ubungqina bokuba zazenzelwe abantu abambalwa ababenakho ukubonelela ubunewunewu bokuqokelela kunye nokuguqula izixhobo zibe zizixhobo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akukho zixhobo ekubonakala ukuba zezomntu omnye; Endaweni yokuba yonke into icebise ukuba yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kweqela.
Abaphandi bacacisa, "Ngokucacileyo zibonisa iimpahla zomngcwabo ezazifikeleleka kuphela kubantu abakhethekileyo beli xesha." Kwelinye icala, ikristale yolwalwa, imele ukuba yayinenjongo yokomfuziselo njengento ekrwada enentsingiselo ethile kunye nentsingiselo. Kuncwadi, kukho imizekelo yeenkcubeko apho ikristale yamatye kunye nequartz zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezingasetyenziswanga ukumela ubomi, ubuchule bomlingo, kunye nokunxibelelana kwezinyanya. batsho abaphandi.
Nangona singazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zazisetyenziselwa ntoni ezi zixhobo, ukufumanisa kunye nophando lwabo kubonelela ngombono onomdla kuluntu lwangaphambili olwaluhleli eMhlabeni ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-5,000 XNUMX eyadlulayo.
