Namhlanje, "uLuhlu loKumkani waseSumeriya" luseyona mibhalo yakudala inempikiswano eyakha yafunyanwa kwimbali, echaza ngokucacileyo ukuba iqela lezinto ezikhanyisiweyo lehla ezulwini laza kulawula uMhlaba. Kwaye ubude bebonke bolawulo lwabo babuyiminyaka engama-241,200! Inokwenzeka njani lonto ??
Ngaphandle kwezinto ezininzi ezintle eziye zafunyanwa kwiindawo zaseIraq apho kwakwakhe khona izixeko zaseSumeriya, zimbalwa ezothusayo kunoluhlu lweKumkani yaseSumeriya, umbhalo-ngqangi wakudala owawubhalwe ngolwimi lwaseSumeriya, udwelisa ookumkani baseSumer (mandulo kumazantsi eIraq. ) ukusuka kubukhosi baseSumerian nababumelwane, ubude babo bolawulo, kunye neendawo zasebukhosini "ezisemthethweni". Yintoni eyenza le artefact yahluke kangaka kukuba uluhlu ludibanisa ngokucacileyo njengentsomi ye-pre-dynastic yeerula kunye nabalawuli bembali abaziwayo ukuba babekhona.
Impucuko yaseSumeri kunye noLuhlu loKumkani waseSumeriya
Imvelaphi yempucuko yaseSumeriya eMesopotamiya isaphikiswa nanamhlanje, kodwa ubungqina bezinto zakudala bubonisa ukuba baseka izixeko ezilishumi elinambini ngenkulungwane yesine ye-BC. Ezi zihlala ziba nedolophu enkulu ebiyelweyo eyayilawulwa yi-ziggurat- iitempile ezinamacala, ezinjengephiramidi ezinxulunyaniswa nenkolo yaseSumeriya. Amakhaya ayesakhiwa ngeengcongolo zomgxobhozo okanye izitena zodaka, kwaye imijelo yokunkcenkceshela entsonkothileyo yayimbiwe ukuze kudityaniswe amanzi azaliswe ngumhlaba eTigris nase-Ewufrathe ukulima.
Izixeko ezikhulu zaseSumeriya zazibandakanya i-Eridu, iUre, iNippur, iLagash kunye neKish, kodwa enye yezona zinto zindala nezona zazinkulu yayiyi-Uruk, indawo yokurhweba eyonwabisayo eyayiziqhayisa ngeemayile ezintandathu zokuzikhusela kunye nabemi abaphakathi kwama-40,000 nama-80,000. Kwincopho yayo ejikeleze i-2800 BC, yayiyeyona dolophu inkulu emhlabeni. Ngamazwi alula, amaSumeriya amandulo ayenefuthe elikhulu kwihlabathi njengoko yayisisizathu senkqubela phambili yedolophu yokuqala.
Kuzo zonke izinto zakudala ezafunyanwa kummandla waseMesopotamiya, “uLuhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumeri” yeyona nto inzima. Yimibhalo yakudala ngolwimi lwaseSumeriya, eyabuyela emva kwinkulungwane yesithathu ye-BCE, oluluhlu lwabo bonke ookumkani bamaSumer, ubukhosi babo, iindawo kunye namaxesha ngamandla. Ngelixa oku kungangabonakali ngathi kuyimfihlakalo enkulu, yile nto ibhalwe kunye noluhlu lookumkani olwenza luphazamise. Kunye nokuba ngubani-ngubani wamaSumeriya ngamandla, uLuhlu lweKumkani lukwabandakanya imisitho efana noMkhukula omkhulu kunye neentsomi zikaGilgamesh, amabali ahlala kubhekiswa kuwo njengeentsomi ezilula.
ULuhlu lukaKumkani waseSumeri lwatyhila izinto ezimangalisa ngokwenene kubabhali-mbali
Ifunyenwe ukutyhubela iminyaka ngabaphengululi kwiindawo ezininzi zakudala zaseMesopotamiya, iikopi zento ekukholelwa ukuba yincwadi eyodwa ebhaliweyo, ebizwa ngokuba "luhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumeriya" okanye "uLuhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumeriya," zichaza ukuba kwakudala kangakanani, Iplanethi ilawulwa zizibhozo - ezinye iinguqulelo zinamakhosi alishumi angaqondakaliyo ngexesha eliyimfihlakalo lama-241,200 eminyaka. Umbhalo wamandulo uthi aba balawuli “behla bephuma ezulwini.”
Uluhlu looKumkani baseSumeri lubalisa ibali elingakholelekiyo abaninzi ekunzima ukukholelwa kulo:
“Emva kokuba ubukumkani behlile ezulwini, ubukumkani babuse-Eridug. E-Eridug, I-Alum waba ngukumkani; walawula iminyaka engama-28,800 XNUMX. Kamva, Isalali walawula iminyaka engama-36,000. Emva koko u-Eridug wawa kwaye ubukumkani busiwa eBad-tibira. En-amadoda-lu-ana Ulawule iminyaka engama-43,200 elandelayo. Emveni kwalonto, En-amadoda-gal-ana ulawule iminyaka engama-28,800, kwaye UDumuzid, uMalusi, walawula iminyaka engama-36,000. Emva koko u-Bad-tibira wawa kwaye ubukumkani basiwa eLarag. KwiLarag, En-sipad-zid-ana Ulawule iminyaka engama-28,800. Emva koko uLarag wawa kwaye ubukumkani bathatyathwa baya eZimbir, apho En-amadoda-dur-ana walawula iminyaka engama-21,000. Emva koko uZimbir wawa kwaye ubukumkani basiwa eShuruppag, apho Ubara-Tutu Walawula iminyaka eyi-18,600. Kwizixeko ezi-5, ookumkani abasi-8 balawula iminyaka engama-241,200. Emva koko unogumbe wabakhukulisa… ”
Ezi zabhalwa kwinxalenye yokuqala yoluhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumeriya. Ukwazi ngakumbi ngeenkcukacha, funda le ncwadi ye-eBook malunga noLuhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumeriya Apha.
Kodwa kwenzeka njani ukuba ookumkani abasibhozo balawule umhlaba iminyaka engama-241,200?
Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba impendulo ilula: uluhlu ludibanisa ababhali bexesha langaphambili kunye "neentsomi", ababenandipha ubukumkani obude kunye obungenakuthanani nabukumkani obunembali.
Ngamanye amagama, abaphengululi basixelela ukuba ezinye izinto ezibhalwe kuluhlu lookumkani baseSumeri zichanekile, ngelixa ezinye-njengokulawula okungapheliyo zingapheli.
Ukongeza, uLuhlu lwamaKumkani aseSumeri alisixeleli nje kuphela ukuba aba kumkani balawula ixesha elingakanani eMhlabeni, kodwa ikwatsho ngokukodwa ukuba aba kumkani basibhozo “behla ezulwini,” emva koko balawula ixesha elide ngokumangalisayo.
Into enomdla kukuba, uluhlu ludwelisa indlela aba kumkani basibhozo abadibana ngayo nesiphelo ngexesha loMkhukula omkhulu owatshayela uMhlaba. Olu luhlu lukwachaza okwenzekileyo emva konogumbe, kuba isitsho ngokucacileyo ukuba “obunye ubukumkani bahla buvela ezulwini,” kwaye aba kumkani bangaqondakaliyo balawula umntu kwakhona.
Kodwa ngaba uLuhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumeriya luxubene nookumkani abaqinisekisiweyo ngokwembali kunye nezinto eziyintsomi? Okanye ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba abaphengululi bababeke abanye babalawuli njengeentsomi, ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezizodwa?
Kumashumi eminyaka abantu bekholelwa ukuba imbali eneenkcukacha kuLuhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumeriya, oko kukuthi, ookumkani abanobomi obude ngendlela emangalisayo, ukunyamalala kwabo ngexesha loMkhukula omkhulu kunye nokutshintshwa kwabo babekwa ookumkani abatsha abavela ezulwini, yayizezinye nje zeentsomi amabali. Nangona kunjalo, baninzi ababhali kunye nabaphandi abangavumelaniyo, becebisa ukuba oku kuLuhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumeriya akunakuba yintsomi kwaphela, kwaye bakhombe kwinto yokuba abaphengululi namhlanje ngokuyinxenye bayazazi ezinye zeeKumkani ezichazwe kuluhlu.
Ungathini ukuba?
Inyaniso yokuba uLuhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumeri zikhankanya ookumkani abasibhozo, amagama abo kunye nobukumkani obude, kunye nemvelaphi yabo - ubukhosi obuvela ezulwini -benze abaninzi bacinga: “Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba okubhaliweyo kuLuhlu lwe IiKumkani zaseSumeriya ziingxelo zokwenyani zembali? Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba, kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, phambi kwembali yanamhlanje, iplanethi yethu yayilawulwa ngookumkani abasibhozo-behlabathi abeza eMhlabeni bevela kwindawo ekude kwindalo iphela kwaye balawula uMhlaba isithuba seminyaka engama-241,200 ukubuyela amazulu? ”
Kuthekani ukuba iinkcukacha ezifumaneka kuLuhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumerian zichanekile ikhulu leepesenti kwaye, ngokungafaniyo nabaphengululi abaqhelekileyo, oku kulawula kungenzeki bekuyinto enokwenzeka, ngexesha apho impucuko, uluntu kunye nomhlaba wethu zazihluke kakhulu kunanamhlanje? Ngaba le mibhalo yamandulo ibonisa ukuba uMhlaba wawulawulwa ngoosomajukujuku bakudala iminyaka engama-241,200? Okanye, njengoko abaphengululi bakhankanya, uLuhlu lweeKumkani zaseSumeriya ngumxube nje weerekhodi zembali kunye neentsomi?
Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba kwitekisi yakudala kukho umlawuli oye waqinisekiswa ngokwakudala kunye nembali; Ngu-Enmebaragesi de Kish, malunga ne-2,600 BC.
Kukho olunye uluhlu lookumkani abavela eYiputa yamandulo eyaziwa ngokuba “Uluhlu lukaKumkani waseTurin,” esibalisa ngeqela lookumkani abangaqondakaliyo ababekhe balawula iYiputa kangangamawaka eminyaka, phambi kooFaro.
