Muna 2009, iro rinotendwa kuti ndiro jira guru uye risingawanike pasi rose rakagadzirwa kubva musirika yegoridhe orb-weaver rakaratidzwa paAmerican Museum of Natural History muNew York. Zvinonzi ndiro “jira hombe chete rinogadzirwa nesiririka yedandemutande riripo munyika nhasi.” Iwo machira anofema uye nyaya yekusikwa kwayo inonakidza.
Chidimbu chejira ichi chaive chirongwa chakatungamirwa naSimon Peers, munyori wenhoroondo wekuBritain anoona nezvemachira, uye Nicholas Godley, shamwari yake yebhizimisi yekuAmerica. Iyo purojekiti yakatora makore mashanu kupedzisa uye inodhura kupfuura £300,000 (inenge $395820). Mhedzisiro yekuedza uku yaive 3.4-mita (11.2 ft/) ne 1.2-mita (3.9 ft.) chidimbu chemucheka.
Kufemerwa kwedandemutande sirika nyanzvi
Jira rakagadzirwa naPeers naGodley igoridhe-ruvara rwebrocade shawl/cape. Kurudziro yeiyi nyanzvi yakadhirowewa nevezera kubva muakaundi yechiFrench inotangira muzana ramakore rechi19. Nhoroondo yacho inorondedzera kuedza kwomumishinari wechiFrench Jesuit ainzi Baba Paul Camboué kuchera uye kugadzira machira kubva muchidandemutande. Kunyange zvazvo kuedza kwakasiyana-siyana kwakaitwa munguva yakapfuura kushandura spider silk kuita jira, Baba Camboué vanoonekwa semunhu wekutanga akabudirira kuita izvi. Zvisineyi, dandemutande rakanga ratochekwa kare nezvinangwa zvakasiyana. VaGiriki vekare, semuenzaniso, vaishandisa dandemutande kumisa maronda kubuda ropa.
Semumishinari kuMadagascar, Baba Camboué vakashandisa rudzi rwedandemutande rakawanikwa pachitsuwa ichi kugadzira dandemutande sirika. Pamwe chete nemushandi webhizimisi anonzi M. Nogué, indasitiri yemachira edandemutande yakatangwa pachitsuwa uye chimwe chezvigadzirwa zvavo, "seti yakakwana yemachira emubhedha" yakatoratidzwa paParis Exposition ye1898. Basa re maFrench maviri akarasika kubva ipapo. Zvakadaro, yakagamuchira kutariswa panguva iyoyo uye yakapa kurudziro yePeers uye kuita kwaGodley makore zana gare gare.
Kubata uye kubvisa spider silk
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kweCamboué uye Nogué yespider silk mudziyo wakagadzirwa nevekupedzisira kubvisa sirika. Muchina uyu mudiki waifambiswa nemaoko uye waikwanisa kubvisa sirika kubva kumadandemutande anosvika makumi maviri nemana panguva imwe chete usingaakuvadze. Vezera ravo vakakwanisa kugadzira mufananidzo wemuchina uyu, uye maitiro e'spider-silking' anogona kutanga.
Zvisinei, izvi zvisati zvaitika, mhungu dzaifanira kubatwa. Mhungu yakashandiswa nePeers naGodley kugadzira jira ravo inozivikanwa seyered-legged golden orb-web spider (Nephila inaurata), inova rudzi rwekuMabvazuva neSouth-East Africa, pamwe chete nezvitsuwa zvakati kuti muWestern Indian. Ocean, kusanganisira Madagascar. Hadzi dzerudzi urwu chete dzinogadzira sirika, iyo yavanoruka kuita dandemutande. Dandemutande rinopenya muchiedza chezuva uye zvave zvataurwa kuti izvi zvinoitirwa kukwezva mhuka, kana kushanda seyakavharika.
Kune Peers naGodley, anosvika miriyoni yeaya echikadzi ane makumbo matsvuku egoridhe orb-web spider aifanira kubatwa kuti atore sirika yakakwana yeshawl / cape yavo. Sezvineiwo, iyi imhando yakajairika yedandemutande uye yakawanda pachitsuwa. Mhungu dzakadzoserwa kusango kamwe chete dzapera sirika. Zvisinei, pashure pevhiki, dandemutande raigona kugadzira sirika zvakare. Makudo anongoburitsa sirika yawo munguva yekunaya kwemvura, saka aingobatwa mumwedzi iri pakati paGumiguru naChikumi.
Pakupera kwemakore mana, shawl / cape yegoridhe-ruvara yakagadzirwa. Yakatanga kuratidzwa kuAmerican Museum of Natural History muNew York uyezve kuVictoria neAlbert Museum muLondon. Basa iri rakaratidza kuti sirika yedandemutande yaigona zvechokwadi kushandiswa kugadzira machira.
Kuomerwa mukugadzira spider silk
Zvakadaro, hachisi chigadzirwa chiri nyore kugadzira kuwanda. Kana akagariswa pamwe chete, semuenzaniso, dandemutande idzi dzinowanzoshanduka kuita nyama dzevanhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, sirika yedandemutande yakawanikwa yakasimba zvikuru, asi yakareruka uye inochinjika, chinhu chinokatyamadza masayendisiti akawanda. Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vave vachiedza kuwana sirika iyi nedzimwe nzira.
Imwe, somuenzaniso, ndeyokupinza majini edandemutande muzvimwe zvipenyu (zvakadai seutachiona, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vakazviedza pamombe nembudzi), uye ipapo kucheka sirika mazviri. Kuedza kwakadaro kwakangobudirira zvine mwero. Zvinoita sekuti pari zvino, munhu anga achiri kuda kubata dandemutande kana achida kugadzira chidimbu chejira kubva pasiririka yayo.
