Zera reViking inguva yenhoroondo yakafukidzwa nezvakavanzika uye ngano, nezvakawanda zvezvatinoziva nezvazvo zvichibva pane zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa mumakore apfuura. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kuongorora kwepasi-radar yevhu rekuviga muNorway kwakaratidza kuwanikwa kunoshamisa: masara ekuvigwa kwechikepe.
Vanochera matongo vakawana ngarava yakanakisa yemamita makumi maviri yeViking panguva yekuchera makuva eSalhushaugen muKarmøy kuWestern Norway. Pakutanga, murwi uyu waifungidzirwa kuti hauna chinhu, asi kuwanikwa uku kwakachinja zvese. Ichi chinonakidza chiwanwa chinopa mwenje mutsva pakuvigwa kweViking uye zvavanotenda zvakatenderedza hupenyu hwepashure perufu.
Murwi uyu wakatanga kuferefetwa makore anopfuura zana apfuura neanochera matongo, Haakon Shetelig, zvisinei, zvakacherwa panguva iyoyo zvakaratidza kuti hapana humbowo hunoratidza kuti ngarava yakavigwa mu situ. Shetelig akanga ambochera guva reViking rakapfuma riri pedyo pedyo, pakawanikwa Grønhaugskipet, uye akacherawo ngarava ine mukurumbira yeOseberg - ngarava yeViking yakakura uye yakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya pasi rose - muna 1904. KuSalshaugen akangowana mapadza gumi nemashanu chete. mimwe misoro yemiseve.
Sekureva kweanochera matongo Håkon Reiersen kubva kuYunivhesiti yeStavanger's Museum of Archaeology, Haakon Shetelig akaodzwa mwoyo zvikuru kuti murwi uyu hauna kuzoongororwazve. Zvinoitika, zvakadaro, kuti Shetelig haana kungochera zvakadzika zvakakwana.
Rinenge gore rapfuura, muna Chikumi wa2022, vanochera matongo vakafunga kutsvaga nzvimbo iyi vachishandisa radar inopinda pasi inozivikanwawo segeoradar - chishandiso chinoshandisa masaisai eredhiyo kuratidza zviri pasi pevhu. Uye tarisa uye tarisa - pakanga paine rondedzero yechikepe cheViking.
Vanochera matongo vakasarudza kuchengeta zvavakawana zvakavanzika kusvikira vapedza kuchera nekuongorora uye vaine chokwadi chakawanda pamusoro pezvavakawana. “Masaini egeoradar anoratidza zvakajeka chimiro chengarava yakareba mamita makumi maviri. Yakafaranuka uye inoyeuchidza nezvechikepe cheOseberg, "anodaro Reiersen.
Ngarava yeOseberg inoyera ingangoita 22 metres pakureba uye inongopfuura 5 metres muhupamhi. Uyezve, zviratidzo zvakafanana nengarava zvinoiswa pakati pemurwi, chaipo pakaiswa ngarava yemariro. Izvi zvinoratidza zvakasimba kuti ichi ndicho, chokwadi, chikepe chinovigwa.
Ngarava iyi ine zvakafanana nengarava yeViking inonzi Storhaug ship, yakawanikwa muKarmøy muna 1886. Kuwanikwa uku kwakabatana nezvimwe zvakawanikwa pakuchera.
“Shetelig akawana sirabhu hombe yedenderedzwa muSalhushaugen, inogona kunge yaiva imwe atari yaishandiswa pakubayira. Slab yakafanana zvikuru yakawanikwa mumurwi weStorhaug zvakare, uye izvi zvinosungira ngarava itsva nechikepe cheStorhaug nenguva, "Reiersen anodaro.
Nekuda kwekuwanikwa kunoshamisa uku, Karmøy, iyo yanga iri muzinda wesimba kweanodarika makore 3000 kumahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweNorway, ikozvino inogona kudada nekuva nengarava nhatu dzeViking.
Ngarava yeStorhaug ndeye 770 AD - uye yakashandiswa pakuvigwa kwechikepe makore gumi gare gare. Ngarava yeGrønhaug ndeye 780 AD - uye yakavigwa makore gumi nemashanu gare gare. Iyo yekuwedzera ichangoburwa, ngarava yeSalhushaug haisati yasimbiswa uye nemazuva, asi vanochera matongo vanofungidzira kuti zvakare chikepe ichi chinobva mukupera kwe15s.
Vanochera matongo vari kuronga kuita tsvakiridzo yekuchera, kuongorora mamiriro uye pamwe kuwana kumwe kufambidzana. “Zvatakaona kusvika pari zvino chingori chimiro chengarava. Patinovhura, tinogona kuona kuti hapana yakawanda yengarava yakachengetedzwa uye chasara chingori chiratidzo,” anodaro Reiersen.
Munguva yakapfuura, yakatangira kucherwa kwaShetelig, murwi weSalhushaug waive nedenderedzwa rinonakidza remamita makumi mashanu uye kureba kwemamita mashanu kusvika matanhatu. Kunyange zvazvo yakawanda yakadzikira nekufamba kwenguva, bani rasara rinoramba riripo uye rinoonekwa sechinhu chinonyanya kufadza chemurwi uyu. Reiersen anofungidzira kuti nzvimbo iyi ichiri nemidziyo isina kuwanikwa.
Maererano naReiersen, kuvapo kwemakuva matatu engarava dzeViking muKarmøy kunoratidza kuti ndiko kwaigara madzimambo ekare eViking. Makuva eOseberg neGokstad, anove ane mukurumbira nzvimbo dzengarava dzeViking, akafukunurwa makore angangoita zana apfuura uye akanzi angangoita 834 ne900, zvichiteerana.
Reiersen anotaura kuti hapana kumwe kuungana kwezvikepe zvekuvigwa kunodarika ukuru hweiri boka renyeredzi. Iyi yakananga nzvimbo yaive yepakati hubhu yeshanduko yekuvandudza mukutanga Viking Age. Reiersen anotsigira kuti tsika yemakuva engarava dzeScandinavia yakatanga kusimbiswa pano, uye ikazopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo munyika.
Madzimambo ematunhu aitonga munharaunda iyi aidzora kufamba kwengarava kumahombekombe ekumadokero. Ngarava dzakamanikidzwa kufamba nemukamukowani weKarmsund uchitevedza yaizivikanwa seNordvegen - nzira yekuenda kuchamhembe. Kunovawo kwakabva zita renyika, Norway.
Madzimambo akavigwa mungarava nhatu dzeViking dzeKarmøy vaiva boka rine simba, muchikamu cheNorway umo simba rakanga rakasimba kwezviuru zvemakore. Musha weAvaldsnes muKarmøy waive kumusha kwaMambo Viking Harald Fairhair, anonzi akabatanidza Norway mugore ra900.
“Murwi weStorhaug ndiro chete guva reViking Age kubva kuNorway kwatakawana mhete yegoridhe. Haasi munhu wese akavigwa muno,” anodaro Reiersen.
