Dehenya rechishanu: Dehenya remunhu rine makore miriyoni 5 rakamanikidza masayendisiti kuti afunge zvakare kushanduka kwevanhu.
Muna 2005, masayendisiti akawana dehenya rakazara remadzitateguru ekare kunzvimbo yekuchera matongo kweDmanisi, guta diki riri kumaodzanyemba kweGeorgia, Europe. Dehenya iri ndere kutsakatika hominin iyo yakararama 1.85 mamirioni emakore apfuura!
Anozivikanwa saiye Dehenya 5 kana D4500, iyo yekuchera matongo specimen yakanyatsogadzikana uye ine hurefu huso, mazino mahombe uye diki reuropi kesi. Yaive imwe yemashanu ekare hominin dehenya rakawanikwa muDmanisi, uye yakamanikidza vesaenzi kuti vadzokerezve nyaya yekutanga yekushanduka kwevanhu.
Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, "Kuwanikwa kunopa humbowo hwekutanga kuti Homo yekutanga yaiumba vanhu vakuru vane hura hudiki asi muviri, kukura uye makumbo mitezo inosvika kumucheto wepazasi wekusiyana kwemazuva ano."
Dmanisi iguta uye nzvimbo yekuchera matongo muKvemo Kartli mudunhu reGeorgia angangoita 93 km kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweguta guru renyika Tbilisi murwizi rwizi rweMashavera. Iyo hominin saiti yakanyorwa kusvika pamamirioni 1.8 emakore apfuura.
Akateedzana e dehenya aive nehunhu hwakasiyana siyana, akawanikwa kuDmanisi mukutanga kwegore ra2010, zvakatungamira mukufungidzira kwekuti marudzi mazhinji akapatsanurwa mujaho reHomo aive vedzinza rimwe chete. Uye Dehenya 5, kana kuzivikanwa zviri pamutemo se "D4500" ndiro dehenya rechishanu rinowanikwa muDmanisi.
Kusvikira ma1980s, vesaenzi vaifunga kuti hominin anga achingobvumidzwa kukondinendi ye Africa kune yese ye Pakutanga Pleistocene (kudzamara ingangoita mamirioni 0.8 emakore apfuura), kuchingoenda kunze panguva yechikamu chakatumidzwa Kunze kweAfrica ini. Nekudaro, huwandu hwakawanda hwekuyedza kwekuchera matongo hwakanga husingaenzaniswi paAfrica.
Asi iyo Dmanisi archeological saiti ndiyo yekutanga hominin saiti kunze kwe Africa uye kuongororwa kwezvakaumbwa kwayo kwakaratidza kuti mamwe hominins, kunyanya Homo erectus georgicus yakanga yasiya Africa kumashure makore 1.85 emakore apfuura. Ose emadehenya mashanu akaenzana zera.
Kunyangwe, vazhinji vesaenzi vakaratidza kuti Dehenya 5 rive rakasarudzika musiyano we Homo erectus, madzitateguru evanhu ayo anowanzo kuwanikwa mu Africa kubva panguva imwecheteyo. Nepo vamwe vakazviti ndizvo Australopithecus sediba iyo yaigara mune izvo zvino yava South Africa makore angangoita miriyoni imwe nemazana mapfumbamwe apfuura uye kubva kwairi rudzi rweHomo, kusanganisira vanhu vemazuvano, rwunofungidzirwa kunge rwakaburitswa.
Kune mikana mitsva mitsva yakatsanangurwa nemasayendisiti mazhinji, asi zvinosuwisa kuti isu tichiri kubvisirwa kumeso chaiko kwenhoroondo yedu.
