Inozivikanwa nekuwanda kwayo kwekurapa uye kushandiswa kwekubika, ingano yekushamisa kwebhotani yakanyangarika kubva pakuvapo, ichisiya kumashure kwehungwaru uye kunakidzwa kuri kuramba kukwezva vaongorori nhasi.
Silphium, chirimwa chekare chaive nenzvimbo yakakosha mumoyo yevaRoma nevaGiriki, chinogona kunge chiripo, isu tisingazive. Ichi chirimwa chisinganzwisisike, chaimbove chakakosheswa pfuma yemaemperor uye chikafu mumakicheni ekare nemaapothecaries, chaive mushonga wekurapa unoshamisa. Kutsakatika kwechirimwa kubva munhoroondo inyaya inonakidza yekudiwa uye kutsakatika. Icho chishamiso chekare chebhotani chakasiya mushure mekufungidzira uye kukwezva izvo zviri kuramba zvichikwezva vaongorori nhasi.
The legendary Silphium
Silphium yaive chirimwa chaitsvakwa zvakanyanya, chakaberekerwa kudunhu reKurene muNorthern Africa, yave kunzi Shahhat, Libya. Inonzi yaive yemhando yeFerula, iyo inosanganisira zvirimwa zvinowanzozivikanwa se "giant fennels". Chirimwa ichi chairatidzwa nemidzi yaro yakasimba yakafukidzwa mumakwati akasviba, tsinde isina mhango yakafanana nefennel, uye mashizha aiita kunge celery.
Kuedza kurima Silphium kunze kwenharaunda yayo, kunyanya muGreece, hakuna kubudirira. Chirimwa chemusango chaikura muKurini chete, uko chakaita basa rinokosha muupfumi hweko uye chaitengeswa zvikuru neGirisi neRoma. Kukosha kwayo kunoratidzwa mumari yeKurini, yaiwanzoratidza mifananidzo yeSilphium kana mhodzi dzayo.
Kudiwa kweSilphium kwakanga kwakakwirira zvokuti yainzi yaikosha uremu hwayo musirivha. Mambo weRoma Augusto akatsvaka kudzora kugoverwa kwayo kupfurikidza nokurayira kuti goho rose reSilphium nemito yawo zvitumirwe kwaari somutero kuRoma.
Silphium: chikafu chinonaka
Silphium yaive yakakurumbira chigadziro munyika yekubika yeGirisi yekare neRoma. Mashanga ayo nemashizha zvaishandiswa sekurunga, kazhinji kacho kaigarwa pamusoro pechikafu chakaita separmesan kana kusanganiswa musosi nemunyu. Mashizha aiwedzerwawo kumasaladhi kuitira sarudzo ine hutano, ukuwo mashanga akaomeswa ainakidzwa nekugochwa, kubikwa, kana kubikwa.
Uyezve, chikamu chose chechirimwa, kusanganisira midzi, chakapedzwa. Midzi yaiwanzonakidzwa mushure mekunyikwa muvhiniga. Kutaurwa kunoshamisa kweSilphium mukudya kwekare kunogona kuwanikwa muDe Re Coquinaria - bhuku rekubika reRoma remuzana ramakore rechi 5 naApicius, iro rinosanganisira resipi ye "oxygarum sauce", hove yakakurumbira uye vhiniga muto wakashandisa Silphium pakati pezvinhu zvayo zvikuru.
Silphium yaishandiswawo kuwedzera kunakirwa kwepine kernels, iyo yakazoshandiswa kurunga ndiro dzakasiyana. Sezvineiwo, Silphium haina kungodyiwa nevanhu chete asi yaishandiswawo kukodza mombe nemakwai, zvichinzi yaiita kuti nyama yacho inakidze pakuurayiwa.
Silphium: chishamiso chezvokurapa
Mumazuva ekutanga emishonga yemazuva ano, Silphium yakawana nzvimbo yayo sepanacea. Munyori weRoma Pliny Mukuru's encyclopedic, Naturalis Historia, anogara achitaura nezveSilphium. Uyezve, vanachiremba vane mukurumbira vakaita saGalen naHippocrates vakanyora nezvemaitiro avo ekurapa vachishandisa Silphium.
Silphium yakarongedzerwa semushonga-zvese musanganiswa wehurwere hwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kukosora, kurwadziwa kwehuro, kutemwa nemusoro, fivha, pfari, goiters, warts, hernias, uye "kukura kweanus". Uyezve, mushonga weSilphium waifungidzirwa kuti unorapa mapundu, kuzvimba kwemwoyo, kurwadza kwemazino, uye kunyange tibhii.
Asi handizvo zvoga. Silphium yaishandiswawo kudzivirira tetanus uye chimbwamupengo kubva pakurumwa nembwa, kukudza vhudzi kune avo vane alopecia, uye kuita kuti vanaamai vane pamuviri vasununguke.
Silphium: aphrodisiac uye kudzivirira pamuviri
Kunze kwekushandisa kwayo pakubika nekurapa, Silphium yaizivikanwa nehunhu hwayo hwekunakisa uye yainzi ndiyo yainyanyoshanda pasi rose panguva iyoyo. Mhodzi dzechirimwa dzakaumbwa nemoyo dzaitendwa kuti dzinowedzera libido muvarume uye dzinokonzera kukwatuka.
Kune vakadzi, Silphium yaishandiswa kugadzirisa nyaya dzehomoni uye kukurudzira kuenda kumwedzi. Kushandiswa kwechirimwa senzira yekudzivirira kubata pamuviri uye kubvisa pamuviri kwakanyorwa zvakanyanya. Vakadzi vakadya Silphium yakasanganiswa newaini kuti "vafambise kuenda kumwedzi", tsika yakanyorwa naPliny Mukuru. Pamusoro pezvo, zvaitendwa kuti zvinopedza nhumbu dzaivepo nekuita kuti uterine lining iderere, kudzivirira kukura kwe "fetus" uye zvichiita kuti adzingwe kubva mudumbu.
muviri.
Chimiro chemoyo chemhodzi dze silphium chingave chakabva chechiratidzo chemoyo chechinyakare, mufananidzo unozivikanwa pasi rose werudo nhasi.
Kunyangarika kweSilphium
Pasinei nekushandiswa kwakapararira uye mukurumbira, Silphium yakanyangarika kubva munhoroondo. Kutsakatika kweSilphium inyaya yegakava rinoramba riripo. Kukohwa zvakanyanyisa kungadai kwakaita basa guru mukuparara kwerudzi urwu. Sezvo Silphium yaikwanisa kukura zvakanaka musango muKurini, ivhu rinogona kunge rakanyanya kushandiswa nekuda kwemakore ekukohwa goho.
Nekuda kwekusangana kwekunaya kwemvura uye ivhu rine mamineral, kwaive nemiganhu yekuti vangani mbesa dzaigona kurimwa panguva imwe chete muKurene. Zvinonzi vaKureni vakaedza kuenzanisa kukohwa. Zvisinei, muti wacho wakazokohwewa kusvika pakutsakatika pakupera kwezana remakore rokutanga AD.
Dzinde rekupedzisira resilphium rinonzi rakakohwewa ndokupiwa Mambo weRoma Nero se“chienzi.” Maererano naPliny Mukuru, Nero akakurumidza kudya chipo (sezviri pachena, akanga asina ruzivo rwakanaka pamusoro pekushandiswa kwechirimwa).
Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sekuwandisa kwemakwai, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kuva gwenga zvingave zvakakonzerawo kuita kuti nharaunda nevhu risakodzere kukura kweSilphium.
Yeuko mhenyu?
Pasinei nekunyangarika kwayo, nhaka yeSilphium inotsungirira. Sekureva kwevamwe vaongorori, chirimwa ichi chinogona kunge chichiri kukura musango kuChamhembe kweAfrica, chisingazivikanwe nenyika yanhasi. Kusvikira kuwanikwa kwakadaro kwaitwa, Silphium inoramba iine enigma - chirimwa chaimbova nenzvimbo inoremekedzwa munharaunda dzekare, charasika nenguva.
Saka, iwe unofunga here kuti minda yeSilphium inogona kunge ichiri kukura, isingazivikanwe, kumwe kuNorth Africa?
