Mamirioni emakore apfuura, Antarctica yaive chikamu cheGondwana, nzvimbo huru iri kuMaodzanyemba kweHemisphere. Mukati meiyi nguva, nharaunda zvino yakafukidzwa neaizi yakanga iri chaizvoizvo musha wemiti iri pedyo neSouth Pole.
Kuwanikwa kwezvisaririra zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvemiti iyi kwave kuratidza kuti miti iyi yakabudirira sei uye kuti masango angangove akaita sei sezvo tembiricha iri kuramba ichikwira mazuva ano.
Erik Gulbranson, nyanzvi mune paleoecology paYunivhesiti yeWisconsin-Milwaukee, akataura kuti, Antarctica inochengetedza nhoroondo yeecologic yepolar biomes iyo inotenderera kweanenge 400 miriyoni emakore, iyo inova iyo yakazara yekushanduka kwezvirimwa.
Antarctica inogona kuva nemiti here?
Kana munhu akatarira kumhepo inotonhora yeAntarctica iye zvino, zvakaoma kufungidzira masango akasvibira aimbovapo. Kuti vawane zvakasara, Gulbranson nechikwata chake vaifanira kubhururuka kuenda kunzvimbo dzechando, kukwira pamusoro pemazaya echando uye kutsungirira mhepo inotonhora zvikuru. Nekudaro, kubva pamakore angangoita 400 miriyoni kusvika 14 miriyoni apfuura, mamiriro ekumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi aive akasiyana zvakanyanya uye akanyanya kusvibira. Mamiriro okunze akanga akadzikamawo, asi zvinomera zvaikura munzvimbo dzakaderera zvichiri kufanira kutsungirira rima remaawa 24 muchando uye chiedza chezuva risingaperi muchirimo, zvakafanana nezviri kuitika mazuva ano.
Gulbranson nevamwe vake vari kuongorora kutsakatika kwePermian-Triassic, kwakaitika makore 252 miriyoni apfuura uye kwakakonzera kufa kwe95 muzana yezvisikwa zvePasi. Kutsakatika uku kunofungidzirwa kuti kwakakonzerwa nehuwandu hukuru hwemagasi egreenhouse anoburitswa mumakomo anoputika, izvo zvakakonzera kupisa kwakanyanya uye makungwa ane acidified. Pane zvakafanana pakati pekutsakatika uku uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvisiri zvakanyanya asi zvichiri kukanganiswa nemagasi egreenhouse, akadaro Gulbranson.
Munguva isati yapera-Permian kutsakatika kwevanhu vakawanda, Glossopteris miti ndiyo yaive mhando dzemiti mumasango ekumaodzanyemba, akadaro Gulbranson muhurukuro neLive Science. Miti iyi yaigona kusvika kureba 65 kusvika 131 tsoka (20 kusvika 40 metres) uye yaive nemashizha makuru, akati sandara akareba kupfuura kunyange ruoko rwemunhu, maererano naGulbranson.
Permian isati yatsakatika, miti iyi yakafukidza nyika iri pakati pe 35th parallel South ne South Pole. (The 35th parallel south idenderedzwa relatitude iyo 35 degrees kumaodzanyemba kweEquatorial plane yeEarth. Inoyambuka Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Australasia, Pacific Ocean, neSouth America.)
Kusiyanisa mamiriro: Pamberi uye shure
Muna 2016, panguva yerwendo rwekutsvaga zvisaririra kuAntarctica, Gulbranson nechikwata chake vakagumburwa nekutanga kunyorwa sango repolar kubva kumaodzanyemba pole. Kunyangwe vasina kudoma zuva chairo, vanofungidzira kuti rakabudirira makore anosvika mamirioni mazana maviri nemakumi masere kumashure risati ravigwa nekukurumidza mumadota anoputika, iro rakaichengeta iri muchimiro chakakwana kusvika padanho remasero, sezvakataurwa nevaongorori.
Sekureva kwaGulbranson, vanofanirwa kushanyira Antarctica kakawanda kuti vaenderere mberi nekuongorora nzvimbo mbiri dzine zvisaririra kubva kusati kwapera uye mushure mekutsakatika kwePermian. Masango akave neshanduko mushure mekutsakatika, Glossopteris isisipo uye musanganiswa mutsva wemiti yakasvibira uye yakasvibira, sehama dzemazuva ano ginkgo, ichitora nzvimbo yayo.
Gulbranson akataura kuti vari kuyedza kutsvaga kuti chii chaizvo chakaita kuti shanduko idzi dziitike, kunyange hazvo pari zvino vasina kunzwisisa kwakanyanya panyaya iyi.
Gulbranson, zvakare nyanzvi mune geochemistry, akataura kuti zvirimwa zvakavharirwa mudombo zvakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya zvekuti mapuroteni avo 'amino acid zvikamu zvinokwanisa kutorwa. Kuongorora izvi zvinoumba makemikari zvinogona kubatsira kunzwisisa kuti sei miti yakapona nemwenje unoshamisa kumaodzanyemba uye chii chakakonzera kufa kwaGlossopteris, akadaro.
Sezvineiwo, mukuenderera mberi nekudzidza kwavo, timu yekutsvagisa (inosanganisira nhengo kubva kuUS, Germany, Argentina, Italy, neFrance) ichave nekwaniso yezvikopokopo kuitira kuti vaswedere pedyo nenzvimbo dzakaomarara dziri muTransantarctic Mountains, uko masango akasimwa. dziripo. Chikwata chichagara munzvimbo iyi kwemwedzi yakati wandei, kutora nzendo dzeherikoputa kuenda kunzvimbo dzekunze kana mamiriro ekunze achibvumidza. Chiedza chezuva chemaawa makumi maviri nemana mudunhu chinobvumira nzendo dzezuva refu, kunyangwe nzendo dzepakati pehusiku dzinosanganisira kukwira makomo nebasa remumunda, sekureva kwaGulbranson.
