Kare muna 1950, mukati-kati megadziriro yebako iri muCzechia (Czech Republic), vanochera matongo vakawana chinoitika chinokatyamadza. Chavakafukunura rakanga riri dehenya, rakachekwa zvakanaka, richibudisa nyaya inoshamisa. Pakutanga, zvaifungidzirwa kuti skeletal zvisaririra izvi ndezvevanhu vaviri vakasiyana nekuda kwekukamukana kwedehenya. Zvakadaro, mushure memakumi emakore apfuura, vaongorori vakatanga kutevedzana kwegenome, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro inoshamisa. Kusiyana nezvaidavirwa pakutanga, dehenya iri riri roga rakanga riri remweya uri woga; mukadzi aivapo makore 45,000 XNUMX apfuura.
Vatsvakurudzi vakamutumidza kuti Zlatý kůň mukadzi, kana kuti "bhiza regoridhe" muchiCzech, mukugutsurira kuchikomo chiri pamusoro pegadziriro yebako. Kumwe kuongorora DNA yake kwakaratidza kuti iye genome yakatakura ingangoita 3% Neanderthal madzitateguru, kuti aive chikamu chevanhu vekutanga vemazuva ano vangangove vakasangana neNeanderthals uye kuti genome yake yaive yekare yemazuva ano genome yemunhu yakambotevedzana.
Kunyange zvazvo zvakawanda zvakadzidzwa pamusoro pemasikirwo emukadzi, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pekuti angave akaita sei. Asi ikozvino, itsva online bepa rakaburitswa Chikunguru 18 rinopa muono mutsva mukugoneka kwake kutaridzika nenzira yekufungidzira kwechiso.
Kugadzira chimiro chemukadzi, vaongorori vakashandisa data yakaunganidzwa kubva kune akati wandei aripo computed tomography (CT) ma scan edehenya rake ari chikamu chedatabase yepamhepo. Zvisinei, kufanana nenyanzvi dzezvinocherwa mumatongo dzakamufukunura makore anopfuura 70 apfuura, vakawana kuti zvidimbu zvedehenya zvakanga zvisipo, kusanganisira chikamu chikuru chekuruboshwe kwechiso chake.
Sekureva kwemunyori pamwe naye wechidzidzo ichi, Cícero Moraes, nyanzvi yemifananidzo yekuBrazil, "Chimwe chinonakidza cheruzivo nezvedehenya ndechekuti yakatsemurwa nemhuka mushure mekufa kwayo, mhuka iyi inogona kunge iri mhumhi kana hyena ( vose vaivapo mumhuka panguva iyoyo).”
Kutsiva zvikamu zvisipo, Moraes nechikwata chake vakashandisa nhamba yedata yakaunganidzwa muna 2018 nevaongorori vakagadzira kuvakwazve kwedehenya. Vakabvunzawo maviri maCT scans - emukadzi wemazuva ano nemurume - sezvavakagadzira chiso chedigital.
"Chakanyanya kutibata pfungwa kwaive kusimba kwechimiro chechiso, kunyanya mandible shaya," akadaro Moraes. “Apo vanochera matongo vakawana dehenya racho, nyanzvi dzokutanga dzakariongorora dzakafunga kuti raiva munhu uye zviri nyore kunzwisisa chikonzero nei. Pamusoro pedehenya rine hunhu hunonyatsoenderana nevarume vevanhu vemazuva ano," iyo yaisanganisira shaya "yakasimba".
"Tinoona kuti chimiro cheshaya cheZlatý kůň chinowanzoenderana neNeanderthals," akawedzera.
Rushaya rwakasimba handirwo chete rwakabata pfungwa dzevaongorori. Vakaona zvakare kuti endocranial volume yemukadzi, mhango panogara uropi, yaive yakakura kudarika yevanhu vemazuva ano vari mudhatabhesi. Zvisinei, Moraes anoti chinhu ichi chine “hukama hukuru hwechimiro pakati peZlatý kůň neNeanderthals kupfuura pakati pake nevanhu vemazuva ano,” akadaro.
"Patakange tave nehuso hwekutanga, takagadzira mamwe mapikicha ane chinangwa uye nesainzi, tisina kupenda (mu grayscale), nemeso akavharwa uye asina bvudzi," akadaro Moraes. “Gare gare, takagadzira vhezheni yekufungidzira ine ganda rine pigmented, akavhura maziso, makushe nebvudzi. Chinangwa chechipiri ndechekupa chimiro chinonzwisisika kune vanhuwo zvavo. "
Mhedzisiro iyi mufananidzo wehupenyu hwemukadzi ane rima, bvudzi rakamonana uye maziso ebrown.
"Takatsvaga zvinhu zvinogona kugadzira chimiro chechiso chete padanho rekufungidzira sezvo pasina dhata rakapihwa kuti ringave ruvara rweganda, bvudzi nemeso," akadaro Moraes.
Cosimo Posth, archaeologist akadzidza Zlatý kůň zvakanyanya asi asina kubatikana muongororo iyi, akasimbisa kuti zvakawanda nezvemukadzi uyu zvichiri zvakavanzika.
“Mamiriro ezvakazvarwa naZlatý kůň wandakashanda paari haakwanisi kutiudza zvakawanda nezvechimiro chechiso chake. Sekuona kwangu, morphological data inogona kupa pfungwa inonzwisisika yekuti chimiro chemusoro wake nechiso chingave chaive chii asi kwete kumiririra kwakaringana kwematishu ake akapfava, "akadaro Posth, purofesa wekuchera matongo paYunivhesiti yeTübingen kuGermany.
