Materesikopu, mupfungwa yemazuva ano yeshoko racho, akatanga kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvekuongorora nyeredzi nenyanzvi yemasvomhu uye nyanzvi yenyeredzi yechiDutch, Galelio. Haana kungogadzira teresikopu chete asiwo ndiye akatanga kuishandisa mukuongorora nyeredzi. Uye kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachiti vamwe vanhu vangave vakambogadzira materesikopu, tinoziva kuti hapana humbowo hweizvi. Asi ichokwadi here?
Materesikopu zvimwe akagadzirwa uye akashandiswa mubudiriro dzakawanda dzekare kare Galileo asati asvika, asi akanga asingashandiswi zvikuru. Lenzi yeLayard, inozivikanwawo seNimrud lens - kristaro yedombo ine makore 3000 yakawanikwa pamuzinda weAsiriya weNi.mrud muIraq - inogona kunge iri humbowo hwakakwana hweizvozvo.
Iyo lenzi yeNimrud ine ovha uye ingangove yakagayiwa pavhiri relapidary. Kureba kwayo kungangoita masendimita gumi nemaviri uye nzvimbo yakatarisana nayo ingangoita masendimita gumi nerimwe (12 mukati) kubva padivi rakafuratira, yakaenzana negirazi rinokudza 11X.
VaAsiria vangangodaro vaiishandisa segirazi rinokudza, girazi rinobvira kupisa moto nekunangidzira chiedza chezuva, kana sechinhu chinoshongedza. Makomba gumi nemaviri akagadzirwa pamusoro pelenzi panguva yekukuya, uye angadai aine mvura yakabatwa, ingangoita naptha kana imwe mvura yakavharirwa mukristaro mbishi.
Kunyange zvazvo mamwe masayendisiti achitenda kuti vaAsiriya vekare vaishandisa nimrud lenzi sechikamu cheteresikopu, kuti vatsanangure ruzivo rwavo rwakadzama rwekuongorora nyeredzi, mamwe masayendisiti mazhinji anopokana kuti iwo optical quality yelens hairatidzike seyakakwana pakuona mapuraneti ari kure.
Kutenda kuti nimrud lenzi yaive lenzi yeteresikopu yakabva pakuti vaAsiriya vekare vakaona Saturn samwari akakomberedzwa nemhete yenyoka, dudziro yavo yemhete dzeSaturn sezvaionekwa kuburikidza neteresikopu yemhando yakaderera.
Muna 1980, boka revanochera matongo kubva kuYunivhesiti yeChicago vakawana Nimrud lenzi panguva yekuchera muzinda waNimrud, guta rekare reAsiria muIraq. Vakawana lens yakavigwa pakati pezvimwe zvimedu zvegirazi rakaputsika rechimiro chakafanana, chakaita seenamel kubva kuchinhu chinoparara, pamwe huni kana nyanga dzenzou.
Teresikopu iri kuratidzwa muCase 9 yeLower Mesopotamian Gallery muRoom 55 yeBritish Museum. Nimrud lens’ kuvapo kunoratidza chinhu chimwe zvechokwadi: Galileo haana kugadzira teresikopu yokutanga.
Lenzi yechipiri, ingangove yezana ramakore rechishanu BC, yakawanikwa mubako rinoyera paGomo reIda muKrete. Yaiva yemhando yepamusoro uye ine simba kudarika Nimrud lenzi.
Pompeii, guta rekare riri pedyo neNaples, Italy, rakavigwa nokuputika kweGomo reVesuvius muna AD 79. Pliny naSeneca, vanyori vekare veRoma, vanorondedzera lenzi yakashandiswa nomuvezi muPompeii. Kutaura, unogona kuwana chiverengero chakati chezvingwaru noufakazi hunokarakadza, materesikopu akagadzirwa ndokushandiswa mubudiriro zhinji dzakare kare Galelio asati avapo.
VaAsiria vakakundwa nehumambo hwePezhiya muzana ramakore rechitanhatu BC, mushure mezvo vakatora tsika nemaitiro ePezhiya. Vanhu veAsiria vanotendwa kuti vaive vekutanga kudzidza zvemuchadenga zvakarongeka kare muzana ramakore rechinomwe BC. Vakashandisa ruzivo rwavo rwejometry, arithmetic, uye nyeredzi - zvakasanganiswa nechido chekutarisa - kuvaka imwe yebudiriro huru dzakambovapo.
Naizvozvo, zvishandiso seNimrud lens inogona kushandiswa nevaAsiriya vekare kuona nyeredzi uye kunyora ruzivo pamusoro padzo - muenzaniso wekutanga wezvinganzi sayenzi pane kungotenda mashura kana mashiripiti.
Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, vanhu vekare vokuAsiriya vakagadzira lenzi rakasiyana nemamwe rokunangidzira chiedza kubva kuzvinhu zviri kure zvokuti chiratidzike chakakura zvokukwanisa kunyatsoona. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive mudziyo wekuona unozivikanwa se "astronomical tsanga yemazambiringa maviri" kana sezvatinozviziva nhasi: teresikopu yekutanga pasi rose.
