Semunhu anoda nhoroondo uye ngano, imwe yengano dzinonakidza dzagara dzichitora fungidziro yangu ingano yaMambo Arthur nebakatwa rake Excalibur. Nyaya dzaArthur nevarwi vake veRound Table, mishumo yavo, hondo, uye mashavi akakurudzira mabhuku asingaverengeki, mafirimu, uye mapurogiramu epaTV. Asi pakati pezvinhu zvese zvinonakidza zvengano yaArthurian, mubvunzo mumwe unosara: Ko bakatwa raMambo Arthur Excalibur raiveko zvechokwadi here? Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichaongorora nhoroondo uye ngano kuseri kweExcalibur uye kuyedza kuburitsa chokwadi kuseri kwechakavanzika ichi chisingaperi.
Nhanganyaya kuna King Arthur uye Excalibur
Tisati tanyura mune chakavanzika cheExcalibur, ngatitangei taseta nhanho nekusuma King Arthur nebakatwa rake rine mukurumbira. Maererano nengano dzekare dzeWales neChirungu, Mambo Arthur aiva mambo wengano akatonga Britain mukupera kwezana remakore rechi5 nekutanga rechitanhatu. Akanzi akabatanidza maBritons kurwisa maSaxon aipinda nechisimba, achigadzira zera rerunyararo nebudiriro munyika. Arthur's knights of the Round Table vaive nemukurumbira nekuda kweushingi hwavo, hushingi, uye rukudzo, uye vakatanga mibairo yekutsvaga Holy Grail, kununura vasikana mukutambudzika, uye kukunda vavengi vakaipa.
Imwe yezviratidzo zvine mukurumbira uye zvine simba zveArthurian legend ndeye Excalibur, bakatwa rakavhomorwa naArthur padombo kuratidza kuti ane kodzero yekutaura pachigaro cheumambo. Excalibur yakanzi yakagadzirwa naMukadzi weLake, munhu asinganzwisisike aigara munzvimbo ine mvura uye aine masimba emashiripiti. Munondo wakanga wakazadzwa nounhu hunoshamisa, hwakadai sokukwanisa kucheka chinhu chipi nechipi, kuporesa ronda ripi neripi, uye kuita kuti mukuru waro asakundike muhondo. Excalibur yaiwanzoratidzwa sechipenga chinopenya chine hilt yegoridhe uye zvinyorwa zvakaoma kunzwisisa.
Ngano yeExcalibur
Iyo nyaya yeExcalibur yakaudzwa uye yakadzokororwa mushanduro dzisingaverengeki mumazana emakore, imwe neimwe iine misiyano yayo uye nekushongedza. Mune dzimwe shanduro, Excalibur ndiro bakatwa rimwechete iro Arthur akagamuchira kubva kuMukadzi weLake, asi mune dzimwe iri bakatwa rakasiyana iro Arthur anowana gare gare muupenyu hwake. Mune dzimwe shanduro, Excalibur inorasika kana kubiwa, uye Arthur anofanira kutanga kutsvaga kuitora. Mune vamwe, Excalibur ndiyo kiyi yekukunda vavengi vaArthur, semuroyi akaipa Morgan le Fay kana hofori mambo Rion.
Ngano yeExcalibur yakafuridzira vanyori vazhinji, vadetembi, uye maartist mumakore apfuura. Imwe yemhando dzakakurumbira dzenyaya ndeye Thomas Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur" ibhuku remuzana ramakore rechi 15 iro rakabatanidza ngano dzakasiyana siyana dzeArthurian kuita rondedzero yakazara. Mushanduro yaMalory, Excalibur ndiro bakatwa iro Arthur rinogashira kubva kuMukadzi weLake, uye rinozoputswa muhondo naSir Pellinore. Arthur anobva agamuchira bakatwa idzva, rinonzi Munondo muDombo, kubva kuMerlin, raanoshandisa kukunda vavengi vake.
Humbowo hwenhoroondo yeMambo Arthur
Pasinei nekukurumbira kusingaperi kwengano yeArthurian, pane humbowo hushoma hwenhoroondo hunotsigira kuvepo kwaMambo Arthur semunhu chaiye. Nhoroondo dzakanyorwa dzokutanga dzaArthur dzinotangira muzana remakore rechi9, mazana emakore anoverengeka pashure pokunge anzi akararama. Aya maakaunzi, akadai seyeWelsh "Nhoroondo dzeTigernach" uye Anglo-Saxon "Chronicle," taura nezve Arthur semurwi akarwa nemaSaxon, asi vanopa zvishoma nezvehupenyu hwake kana kutonga kwake.
Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanotenda kuti Arthur anogona kunge aive munhu akaumbwa, musanganiswa weakasiyana siyana eCeltic neAnglo-Saxon ngano nengano. Vamwewo vanopikisa kuti angave aiva munhu chaiye wenhau uyo akazoitwa ngano nevanyori vengano nevadetembi. Zvakadaro, vamwe vanopikisa kuti Arthur aive manyepo, chisikwa chekufungidzira kwemuMiddle Ages.
Kutsvaga kweExcalibur
Tichifunga nezvekushaikwa kwehumbowo hwenhoroondo yeMambo Arthur, hazvishamise kuti kutsvaga kweExcalibur kwave kusinganzwisisike. Kwemakore apfuura, kwave nekutaura kwakawanda kwekuwanikwa kwaExcalibur, asi hapana chakasimbiswa. Vamwe vakakarakadza kuti Excalibur angave akavigwa naArthur paGlastonbury Abbey, uko kunofungidzirwa kuti guva rake rakawanikwa muzana ramakore rechi 12. Zvisinei, guva racho gare gare rakaziviswa kuva nyengedzo, uye hapana bakatwa rakawanikwa.
Mumakore ekuma1980, mumwe anochera matongo anonzi Peter Field akati akawana Excalibur pane imwe nzvimbo muStaffordshire, England. Akawana bakatwa rine ngura murwizi rwaaifunga kuti ndirwo munondo wengano. Zvisinei, bakatwa racho rakazoratidzwa kuti rakanga rakafanana neremuzana remakore rechi19.
Dzidziso pamusoro penzvimbo yeExcalibur
Pasinei nekushaikwa kwehumbowo hwekongiri, pakave nedzidziso dzakawanda nezvenzvimbo yeExcalibur mumakore apfuura. Vamwe vakafunga kuti bakatwa racho rinogona kunge rakakandwa mudhamu kana kuti rwizi, umo richiri rakavanzwa nanhasi. Vamwe vanotenda kuti Excalibur inogona kunge yakapfuudzwa kuburikidza nezvizvarwa zvevazukuru vaArthur, avo vakaichengeta yakavanzwa kubva kunyika.
Imwe yedzidziso dzinonakidza pamusoro penzvimbo yeExcalibur ndeyekuti inogona kuvigwa mukamuri yakavanzika pasi peGlastonbury Tor, chikomo chiri muSomerset, England. Maererano nengano, Tor yaive nzvimbo yeAvalon isinganzwisisike, kwaigara Mukadzi weLake uye uko Arthur akatorwa mushure mekukuvadzwa muhondo. Vamwe vanotenda kuti kamuri yakavanzika pasi peTor inogona kunge iine bakatwa, pamwe chete nehumwe hupfumi uye zvigadzirwa kubva kuArthurian legend.
Iko kunobvira kwakabva ngano yeExcalibur
Saka, kana Excalibur isina kumbobvira yavapo, iyo ngano yakabva kupi? Kufanana nengano zhinji uye ngano, nyaya yeExcalibur ingangove ine midzi yayo mungano dzekare uye ngano. Vamwe vakakarakadza kuti bakatwa ringave rakafuridzirwa nengano yeIrish yaNuada, mambo ane ruoko rwakagurwa muhondo uye akagamuchira ruoko rwesirivha rwemashiripiti kubva kuna vamwari. Vamwe vakanongedzera kungano yeWales yemunondo Dyrnwyn, iyo yainzi yakaputika mumwoto apo yaishandiswa noruoko rusina kufanira.
Kumwe kunobva ngano yeExcalibur ndeye nhoroondo bakatwa raJulius Caesar, iro rainzi rakagadzirwa nenzira isinganzwisisike seExcalibur. Maererano nengano, bakatwa rakapfuudzwa nomudzinza roumambo hweBritain kutozosvikira razopiwa Arthur.
Kukosha kweExcalibur muArthurian legend
Kunyangwe kana kwete Excalibur yakambovapo, hapana kuramba kukosha kwayo muArthurian legend. Munondo wava chiratidzo chakasimba chesimba raArthur, ushingi, uye hutungamiriri, pamwe nekumiririra kwezvinhu zvisinganzwisisike uye zvemweya zvengano. Excalibur yakaratidzirwa mumabasa asingaverengeki ehunyanzvi, mabhuku, uye midhiya, kubva kumatepi ekare kusvika kumabhaisikopo emazuva ano.
Pamusoro pekukosha kwayo kwekufananidzira, Excalibur yakaitawo basa rakakosha mune dzakawanda dzenyaya uye zviitiko zveArthurian legend. Munondo wakashandiswa kukunda vavengi vane simba, vakadai sehofori yeRion uye muroyi Morgan le Fay, uye yakatsvakwa nevavengi vaArthur senzira yekuwana simba nekutonga.
Excalibur yakakanganisa sei tsika yakakurumbira
Ngano yeExcalibur yakabata zvakanyanya patsika dzakakurumbira, ichikurudzira asingaverengeki mabasa ezvinyorwa, hunyanzvi, uye midhiya. Kubva kurudo rwekare kusvika kumabhaisikopo emazuva ano e blockbuster, Excalibur yakabata fungidziro yezvizvarwa zvevatauri vengano uye vateereri.
Imwe yemifananidzo yakakurumbira yeExcalibur mutsika yakakurumbira ndeye 1981 bhaisikopo "Excalibur," inotungamirwa naJohn Boorman. Iyi bhaisikopo inotevera nyaya yaArthur, varwi vake, uye kutsvaga kweiyo Holy Grail, uye ine zvinokatyamadza zvinoonekwa uye inomutsa ruzha. Imwe inomiririra yakakurumbira yeExcalibur iri muBBC TV yakatevedzana "Merlin," iyo inoratidzira wechidiki Arthur uye chipangamazano wake Merlin pavanenge vachifamba nenjodzi uye nekupenga kweCamelot.
Mhedziso: Chakavanzika cheExcalibur chinogona kusambogadziriswa
Pakupedzisira, chakavanzika cheExcalibur chinogona kusambogadziriswa. Kunyangwe raive bakatwa chairo, chiratidzo chengano, kana musanganiswa wezviviri, Excalibur inoramba iri chinhu chine simba uye chisingaperi chengano yeArthurian. Nyaya yaMambo Arthur, varwi vake, uye mitsvairo yavo yerukudzo neruramisiro icharamba ichikurudzira nekukwezva vateereri kuzvizvarwa zvichauya.
Saka, nguva inotevera paunonzwa ngano yaMambo Arthur nebakatwa rake Excalibur, yeuka kuti chokwadi chiri shure kwengano chingave chisinganzwisisike kupfuura bakatwa pacharo. Asi izvozvo hazviiti kuti nyaya yacho ive shoma kana kuti ine revo. Sezvo mudetembi Alfred Lord Tennyson akanyora, "Nzvimbo yekare inoshanduka, ichipa nzvimbo kune itsva, / Uye Mwari anozadzisa pachake munzira dzakawanda, / Kuti kurege kuva netsika imwe yakanaka inogona kukanganisa nyika." Zvichida ngano yeExcalibur ndiyo imwe yenzira idzo Mwari anozvizadzisa nadzo, achitikurudzira kutsvaga kururamisira, ushingi, uye kukudzwa muhupenyu hwedu pachedu.
Kana iwe uchida kuongorora zvakawanda pamusoro pezvakavanzika uye ngano dzenhoroondo, tarisa zvinyorwa izvi kune dzimwe nyaya dzinonakidza.
