Imwe yeakanyanya kuzivikanwa asina kugadziriswa mhosva dzakaipa munhoroondo inoenda kuna Jack the Ripper. Kuzivikanwa kwemhondi yakatyisa East London muna 1888 ichiri chakavanzika nanhasi. Mhondi yaigara ichicheka mutumbi wemunhu wayo zvisina kujairika, zvichiratidza kuti yaive neruzivo rwakadzama rwemaumbirwo emunhu. Vazhinji vakafungidzira kuti ndiani chaizvo mhondi yevakadzi vashanu munzvimbo yeWhitechapel kuEast London, asi hapana akakwanisa kugadzirisa chakavanzika ichi uye pamwe haazombodaro. Zvisinei, dzidziso itsva dzakawanda dzinopwisa dzakaiswa nokuda kwenyaya iyi ine mukurumbira wakashata kubvira mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, kunyange nhasi. Kunyangwe pakupedzisira, mubvunzo wemutsara uchiripo ndewekuti: Jack the Ripper aive ani?
Iyo "Jack the Ripper" mhosva yemhondi
Kuponda kweRipper kwakaitika muLondon, muna 1988, kunyanya munharaunda yevarombo yeWhitechapel - imwe yemhondi yakayambuka muganhu kupinda muGuta, dunhu reLondon. Vakabvarura Ripper vaive:
- Mary Ann "Polly" Nichols, Akapondwa 31st Aug. 1888
- Annie Chapman, Akapondwa 8th Sept. 1888
- Elizabeth Stride, Akapondwa 30th Sept. 1888
- Catherine Eddowes, Akapondwa 30th Sept. 1888
- Mary Jane Kelly, Akapondwa 9 Nov. 1888
Vazhinji vakaurayiwa vaive pfambi dzakatemwa huro. Asi kusiyana nevamwe vakaurayiwa, Mary Jane Kelly akaurayiwa mumba, akachengeteka kure nemeso api neapi, uye nekudaro, kutemwa kwemuviri wake kwaive kwakanyanya kukunda vamwe. Mumwe chete akarohwa akatiza kuchekwa-chekwa aive Elizabeth Stride, uye vatsoropodzi vazhinji vanotenda kuti, mune iyi kesi, mhondi yakavhiringidzwa pakati pemhosva.
Mhondi idzi dzese dzakaitika husiku mumigwagwa ine vanhu vakawanda, uye, nepo ina dzadzo dzakaitika panze, hapana zvapupu zvakaona mutadzi zvakaringana kumuziva kana kupa tsananguro yakadzama. Pakange pasina chikonzero chakajeka chemhosva idzi, uye mhondi haina kumbobvira yaunzwa kumatare. Vazhinji vanyori vanokurukura mhosva iyi muzana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe uye nanhasi vakataura kuti mhondi iyi yaive yakatsauka pabonde, kunyanya sezvo humhondi hwese hwakaitwa pfambi uye kuzhinji kwekucheka muviri kwakanangana nedumbu.
Kuuraya nekuchekeresa pfambi zvakacheka zvakatwasuka pamoyo wehutachiona hweVictorian, zvichikonzera kutya kukuru muLondon. Izvi zvakawedzeredzwa nenhevedzano yekushora tsamba kuCentral News Agency uye neWhitechapel Vigilance Committee pakati pe "Chiitiko Chechipiri" musi wa30 Gunyana uye kufa kwaMary Kelly musi wa9 Mbudzi 1988.
Imwe yetsamba idzi, inozivikanwa se "Kubva kuGehena," inonzi inosanganisira hafu yetsvo yaCatherine Eddowes - "Imwe hafu ndakakanya ndikadya yaive nise chaizvo." Zvese kunze kweiyi izvozvi zvinowanzoonekwa sehunyengeri hwakaitwa nevatori venhau ivo, kusanganisira iyo Ripper yakagamuchira zita rake rine mukurumbira. Panguva iyoyo, pamusoro pe1000 tsamba dzakange dzaferefetwa nemapurisa, uye dzinonyanya kushata ndedzekuti: Anodiwa Shefu Tsamba, Saucy Jack Postcard, Kubva kuGehena Tsamba uye Tsamba yekuvhura.
Kunze kwekutaurirana uku, iyo chete inongedzo iyo mhondi yakasara yakawanikwa pahusiku hwe 'Chiitiko Chechipiri', chine zvimwe zvidimbu zveropa zveapuroni yaEddowes yakawanikwa mune imwe nzira. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakakandwa imomo mushure mekunge mhondi yashandisa kupukuta maoko ake. Choko chakanyorwa pamusoro pezvidimbu zvepuroni, "MaJuwe [anofungidzirwa, maJuda] ndivo varume vasingazopihwa mhosva pasina", yaifungidzirwawo kuti yakanyorwa nemhondi nezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwe.
Nekudaro kunyorwa kwacho kwakacheneswa kusati kwanyatso nyorwa, nekuda kwekutya kuti kunogona kukurudzira veruzhinji, uye ikapihwa general anti-Semitism yenguva, haigone kunyatso tsanangudzwa kuti chirevo ichi chinoreva zvakanyanya kuuraya kweRipper.
Zvinhu zvakatonyanya kuomarara apo kuuraya (pamwe) kwakamira mushure mekufa kwaMary Kelly, uye nyaya yacho yakanyanya kutonhora. Kunyangwe sekucherechedzwa kuuraya kwakafanana kushoma kwakamutsidzira kutya kwemakore akati wandei zvichizotevera, zvaive uye zvinotendwa nevazhinji kuti mhondi kukura kwepfungwa kwakasvika pakuzara nemhondi yaKelly, mushure mezvo akazviuraya, akafa zvakasununguka kana akazvipira zvimwe zvikonzero.
Vafungidziri uye dzidziso
Zvimwe zvirevo zvisina kujairika, zvichibva pamutengesi wechiJudha asina pekugara kune vadzidzi vepakati-vekurapa kusvika kuMugari wenhaka yeBritain Humambo, akaiswa kumusungwa weRipper. Mufungo wekuti mhondi yaive mukadzi, nyamukuta anotsiva akapfeka semurume, akaiswawo bhendi nguva nenguva.
Imwe pfungwa yakakurumbira ine kuti mhondi yakanga yatapukirwa nesyphilis - chirwere chepabonde chinokonzera kukuvara kwehuropi mukufambira mberi - uye yaive yekutsiva. Imwe dzidziso inotaura kuti vashanu vakaurayiwa vakasungwa neruzivo rwechakavanzika chakavanzika chakachengetwa nemumwe, pamwe Kelly, uye vakaurawa neMysterious Government Agents kuti varege kutaura.
Mumwe mupfumi mutengesi wedonje anonzi James Maybrick aifungidzirwawo nevamwe kuve aive Jack the Ripper. Maybrick akazviuraya iye nemukadzi wake uyo akashandisa arsenic kumuuraya. Mumakore ekuma1990 dhayari rakaburitswa, rakanzi rakanyorwa naMaybrick, rakareurura kuRipper kuuraya, asi munyori akazobvuma kuti akange agadzira diary.
Imwezve nharo nyowani nyowani - yakasimudzwa nemunyori wematsotsi Patricia Cornwell - inoratidzira mupepeti ane mukurumbira weBritish Walter Richard Sickert, ane mabasa anoratidza kunakidzwa kwakasiyana nehupenyu hwakaderera hweVictorian, seanotungamira mukuuraya kana kubatsira muRoyal kufukidza. Walter Sickert aive nhengo yeCamden Town Boka rePost-Impressionist maartist mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 London. Mufungo waCornwell unosekerwa pese pese neakanyanya maRipperologists senzira yekufunga mutadzi asati aongorora humbowo.
Jack the Ripper aive mufambi weAmerica here?
Pakave nedzidziso dzakawanda mukati memakore zana nemakumi matatu apfuura ayo akaedza kuburitsa pachena kuzivikanwa kwaJack the Ripper, asi imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa inoratidza kuti mhondi iyi inogona kunge iri mumwe wevazhinji vaifamba vekuAmerica vakauya kuEngland mukupera kwema130s. . Dzidziso iyi yaivepo panguva yemhondi uye varume vatatu vanotevera ndevamwe vevaAmerica vanofungidzirwa kuve Jack the Ripper:
Richard Mansfield
Mansfield aive mutambi weAmerica, akazvarwa musi waMay 24, 1857. Muna 1887, Mansfield akatanga kuratidzwa kwake kwakakurumbira kwechimiro nekutamba chinzvimbo chekutungamira munaDkt Jekyll naVaHyde. MunaAugust 1888, Mansfield akaunza mutambo wake mutsva kuLondon uye akamisikidza muLyceum Theatre inozivikanwa muWest End. Kuita kwake kwaive kurova uye zvakataurwa kuti shanduko yake kuita chikara Mr. Hyde ainyatsogutsa zvekuti vakadzi muvateereri vakafenda uye varume vakura vakatya kuenda kumba vega.
Netsaona isinganzwisisike, kuvhurwa kwemutambo kwakabatana nekutanga kwaJack the Ripper kuuraya. Mazuva mashoma mushure mekuratidzwa kwekutanga, musi wa7 Nyamavhuvhu 1988, mutumbi waMartha Tabram wakawanikwa muzvivakwa zveGeorge Yard, Whitechapel. Marita anogona kunge anga ari wekutanga kubatwa neiyo-isingazivikanwe Whitechapel Ripper. Kunyangwe asiri mumwe wevano gamuchirwa vashanu veRipper vanobatwa, anoonekwa seanotevera mukana ungangodaro.
Kuferefeta kwakazobuditswa, mapurisa neruzhinji vakagumisa kuti mhondi inofanira murume aitaridzika zvakaenzana masikati asi "mupfungwa" akashanduka kuita chikara husiku. Icho chokwadi chekuti Ripper aibvisawo zvikamu zvemuviri kubva kune avo vaaibata zvakaratidza basa rezvechiremba. Kufanana kuri pachena kwakawanikwa pakati paDr. Jekyll naVaHyde naJack asinganzwisisike, uye hazvina kutora nguva refu kuti munwe wekufungidzira unongedzwe kumurume mumwe chete aikodzera hunhu uhu - Richard Mansfield. Zvisinei, hazvina kumbobvira zvaratidza kuti ndiye chaiye mhondi.
Chiremba Francis J. Tumblety
Mumwe anofungidzirwa mukurumbira weAmerica aive Chiremba Francis J. Tumblety. Akanga ari murapi asina ruzivo kubva kuNew York uyo akaita mari yake kutengesa madhiragi eIndian mishonga yemakwenzi uye toniki. Aive murevi wenhema ane pfungwa yekufungidzira yekuzvikoshesa. Zvakarehwa kuti aive neruvengo rwakadzama rwevakadzi, kunyanya pfambi, uye kufamba kwake kwaisatomboonekwa.
Kusvika kwake muLondon kubva kuAmerica kwakazivisa kutanga kwekuponda kweWhitechapel uye akasungwa nezviito zvekusazvibata uye angave ainyumwa mumhondi dzeRipper. Nguva pfupi mushure mekuurayiwa kwekupedzisira kwaJack the Ripper, munaNovember 1888, Tumblety akatiza nyika ndokudzokera kuAmerica. Uye hapana aigona kumutevera zvakare.
HH Holmes
Mumakore achangopfuura, muAmerican serial mhondi anonzi HH Holmes akaiswa mufuremu semunhu angangokwikwidza kuve Jack the Ripper. Dr. Henry Howard Holmes anoonekwa semuurayi wekutanga kuAmerica mushure mekunge areurura kuuraya vanhu vanopfuura makumi maviri nevanomwe mu "hotera" yake ine mukurumbira Illinois mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi27. Maitiro aHolmes aive ekushandura hotera yake kuti ive "imba yemhondi" iyo yaive izere nemisungo yemabhooby nemidziyo yekutambudza kwaaizopura ganda nekuvhiya vanyajambwa vake.
Kunyangwe Holmes naJack iyo Ripper ichiratidzika kunge akasiyana marudzi evaurayi, ese ari maviri aitonhora uye achiverenga, angangoita maitiro munzira yavo. Iko kune zvakare fanano mune vakaurayiwa. Wokupedzisira Jack the Ripper akabatwa, Mary Jane Kelly, akaurawa uye akagurwa mutezo kwete mumugwagwa, asi mumba make. Izvi zvinoratidza kukura kwakanyanya muchinangwa cheRipper. Iye akange atendeuka kubva kumuurayi wemugwagwa kuva murume uyo akatora vanyajambwa vake pakavharwa mikova.
Dai HH Holmes anga ari Ripper, kuurawa kwaMaria Kelly kungave kwakamukurudzira kutora danho rinotevera nekugadzira imba yake yekuuraya muChicago kwaaigona kuenderera nebasa rake rinotyisa risina kumiswa. Muna 2018, muzukurukomana waHolmes akafumura humbowo hunogona kubatanidza hama yake naJack tsamba dzeRipper uye zvinokwanisika kuti Holmes angave aive muLondon panguva yakafanira yekuve Whitechapel Ripper. Kana ichi chiri chokwadi, saka zvinoisa Holmes mune chinzvimbo chingangoita Jack the Ripper.
Jack The Ripper aive muurayi here?
Mazana edzidziso aripo maererano nekuzivikanwa kwe "Jack the Ripper". Kuwanda kwake kwekutsemura disiki nebanga - uye kunyanya nzvimbo inokurumidza uye kubviswa kwenhengo - kwakatungamira vamwe kufungidzira kuti anofanira kunge akadzidziswa kurapwa. Nekudaro, kuongororwa patsva kwemuchina wemuumbi wemuumbi weumwe weavo vakabatwa kwakazivisa huwandu hwakawanda hwesisitimu yekukanganisa isina musoro zvakanyanya nehunyanzvi hwekuvhiya.
Kusanzwisisika kwakabatana kunoonekwawo mumutauro unoshandiswa mukati meiyo chete tsamba yakabva kunaJack inofungidzirwa kunge ichokwadi. Maitiro aakashandisa kutumira avo vaaibata uye kutora mitezo yavo aive, zvisinei, aipindirana zvakanyanya nehunyanzvi hwaishandiswa mukati memachira ezuva.
East London muma1880s yaive nenhamba zhinji dzekuuraira zvidiki-diki, mukati memamiriro ezvinhu emhuka nevashandi aive akaomarara zvakanyanya. Ongororo yemazuva ano yezvematongerwo enyika yakaratidza hukama hwakajeka pakati pekukonzeresa mhirizhonga kumhuka uye izvo zvakakonzera vanhu, pamwe nenjodzi dzakawedzera dzemhosva dzechisimba munharaunda dzakakomberedza nzvimbo dzekuuraira. Saka dzidziso yacho haigone kurambwa zvachose kuti "Jack the Ripper" anogona kunge ari muurayi. Vazhinji vanodavira kuti aive muurayi wechiJuda aigara munzvimbo yemhondi.
Paive paine hukama pakati peWhitechapel Ripper neLambeth Poisoner?
Dr. Thomas Neill Cream, anozivikanwa zvakare seLambeth Poisoner, aive muScotland-Canada serial killer, akaisa muchetura kune avo vakaurayiwa. Dr. Cream vakatora vanhu vake vekutanga vakaoneswa kuUnited States uye vamwe vese kuGreat Britain, pamwe nevamwe kuCanada. Panguva yekuurayiwa nekurembera musi waNovember 15 wegore ra1992, mazwi ake ekupedzisira enigmatic aive "Ndini Jack…" Naizvozvo, fungidziro dzakawedzera kuti Lambeth Poisoner ndiye chaiye Jack the Ripper. Zvisinei, zvinyorwa zvepamutemo zvinoti aive mutirongo muIllinois panguva yekuuraya kwaRipper.
Jack the Ripper aive mugeri wekuPoland!
Boka revaongorori veBritish vakataura kuti mhondi yekupedzisira Jack the Ripper angave anemakore makumi maviri nematatu wekugera chiPolish anonzi Aaron Kosminsky uyo akazvipira kutiziro panguva imwechete kuuraya kwacho. Vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa hitech DNA bvunzo kuyananisa akaberekerwa kuPoland-akaberekerwa Aaron Kosminsky uye neshawl-yakasviba shawl yeRipper akabatwa. Vanoti “chiitiko chenguva” Kosminsky akauraya vamwe vakadzi vashanu munzvimbo yeWhitechapel.
mhedziso
Makore anodarika zana nemakumi matatu apfuura kubva zvakauraya kuuraya kweWhitechapel muEngland mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi130. Munguva iyi yakareba, kuferefetwa kwematsotsi kwakashanduka kubva 'pamaoko' kuenda ku'tsoka 'kuenda' zvinyorwa zveminwe 'kuenda ku'DNA bvunzo', uye zvasvika pakukwirira kwayo, zvisinei, kufungidzira kwakawanda uye dzidziso pamusoro paJack the Ripper dzakasundidzira iyi kesi kupinda gomba risingaperi. Zvichida, nyaya yacho haizombowana nzvimbo yayo uye kuzivikanwa kwaJack the Ripper kunoramba kuri chakavanzika chisina kugadziriswa zvachose.
