Sekureva kwaJoel Klenck weMaritime Executive, dehwe reganda remhuru rakawanikwa mukati meAreka yaNoa, ichangobva kuwanikwa, iyo inofungidzirwa kuve kubva panguva ye13,100-9,600 BC. Dehwe racho raiva nemabhii, nhamba, uye girama muchiHebheru chePaleo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanyorwa nomumwe wevanhu vana vanotaurwa muzvose zviri zviviri Genesisi 6:10 uye Qur’an, vakadai saNoa, Shemu, Hamu, Jafeti, kana kuti madzimai avo.
Joel Klenck, anobva kuAcademia.edu, anoti Areka yaNoah, inosvikika nemumigero yemamita mana kusvika gumi nerimwe pasi pevhu uye iri mugoronga rekumaodzanyemba kweMount Ararat, ndiyo inzvimbo inoyevedza yezvinocherwa matongo kubvira kare. Chikepe chinofungidzirwa kuti chakavakwa muLate Epipaleolithic Period (13,100-9,600 BC) uye inenge 158 mamita kureba, nehupamhi hwe3,900 kusvika 4,700 mamita. Uyezve, kune gumi nemana matongo ezvekuchera matongo muhuwandu.
ITurkey Republic inounzwa nemukana wehupenyu-kana-rufu nekuvapo kweAreka yaNoa; inogona kuunza mari yegore negore yemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemasere emadhora kuDogubayazit, guta riri pedyo, kuburikidza nekushanya kwechitendero nekuda kwerutsigiro rwezvitendero zvitatu zveAbhurahama zveboka remutauro weSemitic. Kana hurumende yepakati yeTurkey ikasaita kuchengetedza Areka yaNoa, iyo PKK, sangano reMarxist rinozivikanwa nehugandanga hwavo hwechisimba, vanogona kuburitsa chikepe, chinjana kukosha kwayo kodhekisi uye zvigadzirwa zvezvombo, uye kuburitsa Stone Age denda kubva mundove yemhuka inonyunguduka. mukati, zvichikonzera kukuvadza kune vagari veTurkey.
Chikepe chekare chegungwa chinoratidza hull yakanyura, matanga akawanda, ndove yemhuka yakachengetedzwa pasi pemiddens, rampu inorerekera, madhiri matatu, mabhora, makamuri ekuchengetera, matombo ematombo anoshandiswa mukuveza nautical, uye kunze uye. mukati memudziyo wakafukidzwa nenamo. Mukati meAreka, zviumbwa zvehari hazvipo, asi pane kuungana kweLate Stone Age maturusi uye midziyo yakagadzirwa nematanda, machira, tambo, bhonzo nematanda ezvigadzirwa, zvisaririra zvebhotani, uye zviyo zviri kudzidziswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira chickpea, bitter vetch, pea, uye zviyo.
Pedyo nemukova weAreka yaNoa, zvizvarwa zvakazotevera zvakavaka nzvimbo diki dzekunamatira dzaiva nemidziyo yaishandiswa kuratidza kuremekedza kwezviuru zvemakore. Vanochera matongo vakawana zvaenga kubva munguva yePottery Neolithic (7,000-5,800 BC) kusvika kunguva yeMedieval (AD 700-1375) iyo yakanga izere nemarara ewaini, mukaka, nembeu. Pamusoro pezvo, mifananidzo midiki yematombo kubva kuSumerian Early Dynastic Period (2,900-2,334 BC) yakawanikwa munzvimbo idzi dzekunamatira.
Zvisimbiso zveAkkadian kubva muna 2,300 BC zvinoratidza Areka pamusoro peGomo guru reArarati, ukuwo mahwendefa eHurrian kubva muna 1,300 BC anoratidza Noa, Gomo reArarati, uye mwari mukuru. Chimiro ichi chinopindirana nenhoroondo dzeAreka yaNowa dzakanyorwa naPatriarch Moses munaGenesi, nyanzvi dzine mukurumbira Berossus naJosephus, uye Korani yeMuporofita weIslam Muhammed.
MaArmenian anga achiedza kuchengetedza Areka yaNoa yakavanzwa kubva 247 BC, vachishanda kuchengetedza rusununguko rwavo. Mkrtich Khrimian, mutungamiri weChechi yeArmenian, akapa mirairo muna 1907 kuti arambe achiiviga, kuedza kwakachengetwa kwakavanzika kuburikidza neStalinist purges. Izvi zvave nemhedzisiro panhoroondo yeAnatolian, zvichimutsa manzwiro akasiyana-siyana. Klenck ari kurwisana neboka rinodyidzana nePKK, riri kuedza kuputsa Areka, iyo inokosha kuIslam, chiKristu, uye chiJudha zvakafanana.
Nyanzvi yezvinocherwa mumatongo inoona kuti Codex haienderani nedzidziso dzemazuva ano dzinoti mitauro yekutanga yakabva kuvanhu vakapararira pasi rose. Panzvimbo pezvo, kuvapo kweAreka paGomo reArarati, namanyoro ayo ePaleo-chiHebheru, kunotsigira kutaura kwaMosesi, Jesu, uye Muporofita wechiIslam Muhammed kwokuti mitauro yechiSemitic inoumba mutauro wokutanga pasi pano, unopukunyuka boporodzi renyika yose.
Abraham Ibn Ezra (AD 1089-1167), pakati pedzimwe nyanzvi dzine mukurumbira, akataura kuti zvitsauko zvokutanga zvaGenesi zvakapfuudzwa nomuromo kubva kuna Adhama kuenda kuna Mosesi. Shoko rokuti 'Toledot', rinoreva 'nhoroondo' kana kuti 'chizvarwa', rinoratidzwa kekutanga muna Genesisi 2:5 , uye rinodzokororwa muzvitsauko zvinotevera, zvakadai saGenesisi 5:1, 6:9, 10:1 . 10:32, na11:10. Mukuona kwaIbn Ezra, nzira iyi yakashandiswa kuva nechokwadi chokuti rondedzero yeBhaibheri yakachengetedzwa kubva pakusikwa kusvika paKubuda muIjipiti. Kunyanguvezvo, kuwanwa kweCodex muNguva Yematombo Yapera, yakanyorwa muPaleo-Hebrew, kunoreva kuti Toledot ingangove yaiva muunganidzwa wemagwaro akanyorwa ayo Mosesi akapinza muPentateuch, kubva kuna Genesi kusvikira kuna Dhuteronomio.
Codex yakawanikwa muNzvimbo A1, Locus 14, nzvimbo diki iri mudanho rechipiri rengarava. Nzvimbo iyi yaishandiswa kudziyisa chikafu nemvura. Seri kwemamwe mapango emisipiresi akanga akachekwa zvishoma aiumba madziro echivako chacho, pakawanwa nzvimbo yakavanzwa paiva nemanyoro acho. Muna Locus 14, zvakatangira zvehari zvakawanikwa, kusanganisira midziyo yehuni yakafukidzwa nevhu revhu rakanga rapiswa muAreka, Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kugadzirwa kwedhaka kunobva mukushandiswa kwegypsum uye midziyo yelime yakapiswa kana White Ware (Vaiselles Blanches). )
Vanochera matongo vanotarisana netsanangudzo yakananga yekugadzirwa kwehari nekuda kweAreka yaNoa: Stone Age vanhu vaizogadzira midziyo yehuni, vozoifukidza nevhu nekudziisa pamoto. Pakupedzisira, vanhu vakatama kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvemapuranga uye panzvimbo pacho vakashandisa midziyo yevhu yakasimbiswa nekupisa, kuisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwekugadzira ceramic.
Codex ine zvitaera zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunyora nemaoko, kubva pakuremerwa, semanyorero akaita sebhuroko remunhu mumwe kusvika kune akapfava, akakwenenzverwa shamhu dzemupepeti akagadzirisa kukanganisa mushoko rekuti “upenyu,” rakanyorwa muPaleo-Hebrew.
Areka yaNoa Codex inoumbwa nematehwe, inozivikanwa seklaf kana vellum, yakagadzirwa kubva padehwe remhuka dzekosher dzakaita semhuru. Chivharo chekodhekisi chakareba 14.67 cm uye 10.59 cm muhupamhi, ine zvisungo zvitatu zvakagadzirwa nematehwe akapfava. Pane mapeji manomwe e<em>klaf mutete ane mipendero yakapwanyika, akareba 9.75 cm kureba uye 7.53 cm muhupamhi.
Iyo dehwe yeVellum ine yakawanda collagen. Kana mvura iri mupende ikasangana nematehwe, iyo collagen inonyunguduka, ichigadzira mitsetse muklaf uye yakasimudzwa nzvimbo dzepende. Inotapukirawo kune zvakatipoteredza, kunyanya humidity. Codex yakawanikwa muLocus 14, Nharaunda A1, nzvimbo yakakwirira uye yakachengeteka zvikuru yeAreka. Mukati nekunze kwezvivakwa izvi zvakaputirwa nenamo, bhitumini, uye resin. Kukwirira kweArea A1 kuri pamusoro pe4000 metres paGomo reArarati uye yakavigwa pasi pemamita masere echando chechando uye zvinhu zvelithic, pasina hunyoro. Ruzhinji rwependi kubva kuCodex yakadzima, asi chasara inzira dzakaitwa nekunyungudika kwecollagen apo pendi yakatanga kuiswa panguva yeLate Epipaleolithic Period (8 - 13,100 BC).
Codex inoumbwa nenzira yekurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, sechiHebheru nechiArabic chemazuva ano, uye kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Mapeji akabatanidzwa pamwechete. Zvinosuruvarisa, apo chinyorwa chakawanikwa, zvikamu zviviri zvakaparadzana, zvichibudisa mapeji 2, 3, 4 uye 5. Pamapeji 2 ne4, mafungiro asina simba evellum's collagen anogona kuonekwa, asi anoratidza mifananidzo yakadzoserwa. Saka, nyanzvi dzinogona kuona zviri kumashure kwemapeji 2 ne4, uye kumberi kwemapeji 3 ne5. Mabhii echiPaleo-chiHebheru anosiyana-siyana kubva pamabhii akadzama kusvika kune asinganyatsooneki. Kuti uburitse mamwe mazwi nezviratidzo kubva kuCodex, multi-spectral uye x-ray imaging inodiwa.
MuCodex, chiratidzo chokutanga chokuvhenekera chinoonekwa nemifananidzo mitatu: Gomo reArarati, mudungwe wemakomo uri kumaodzanyemba kweArarati, uye ngamera. Iri danga rinoumbwa negoko regoridhe, inova hupfu hwegoridhe hwakasanganiswa negum arabic kana zai. Pamusoro pezvo, mamenorah maviri-makenduru mashanu anogona kuonekwa asina mabhesi pedyo negomo guru reArarati.
Vanhu vechiKurd vanogara pedyo neGomo reArarati vanotenda kuti Areka yaNoa ine goridhe, uye izvi ndezvechokwadi. Kuvhenekera kweCodex kwakaitwa pachishandiswa hupfu hwegoridhe hwakaiswa mukati mengarava. Sezvo Areka iri munzvimbo iri kure uye iri yoga pagomo riri kuNear East, kure nenzvimbo dzegoridhe, zvingangoita kuti hupfu hwegoridhe hwakabva panguva iyo Gomo risati rawedzerwa nekuda kwekuputika kwemakomo uye rutivi rwaro rwekuchamhembe. yakashandurwa mune morphology, inofungidzirwa kuve yakatenderedza 9,600 BC muEpipaleolithic Period.
Codex inofungidzirawo kuti panogona kunge paine mamwe manyoro e<em>klaf akachengetwa mukati meareka yaNoa. -Mitambo yemazwi echiHebheru, zvirevo zvipfupi, uye kuratidzwa kwemifananidzo yakavhenekerwa. Uyezve, rugwaro rwacho runotaura nezvezvimwe pamusoro paNoa neMafashamo Makuru anotaurwa muose ari maviri Genesi neQur’an, asi hapana nerimwe remitsara yaro rinogona kuwanwa mune rimwe gwaro. Ndinotenda kuti mamwe manyoro, akadai sezvikamu zve‘Toledot’ zvinodudzwa muBhaibheri uye zvinotaurwa nezvazvo naIbn Ezra, zvichiri kuchengetwa mukati mengarava.
Klenck anoti hurumende yeTurkey inofanirwa kunge iri kutonga kweCodex, pamwe nezvigadzirwa uye zvivakwa kubva muAreka yaNoa, izvo zvakarumbidzwa naMuhammed, Jesu naMosesi zvakafanana. Anoenderera mberi nekuratidza kushushikana kwake nekushaikwa kwekutariswa nevakuru veTurkey vanochera matongo, sezvo izvi zvisingakoshi zvigadzirwa zvinomiririra kutanga kwebudiriro uye Neolithic Period, zviri kupambwa uye kukuvara. Klenck anopedzisa, achidana kuparadzwa kweAreka uye zvigadzirwa zvayo njodzi.
PRC, Inc., yakavambwa muna 2007, inopa masevhisi epasi rose ekuchera matongo ayo anofukidza ongororo, kuchera uye kuongorora.
Kukosha kwekurovedza muviri hakurambike. Kuita muviri kwakakosha kune hutano hwedu hwese, sezvo hunobatsira kusimbisa muviri nepfungwa. Inogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yekuva nezvirwere zvakawanda zvisingaperi uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwedu. Kurovedza muviri hakufaniri kuva kunonetesa zvikuru kuti kuve kunobetsera; kunyange maekisesaizi ari pakati nepakati anogona kupa utano hwakanaka.
