MaPicts yaive nzanga yekare yakabudirira muIron Age Scotland kubva 79 kusvika 843 CE. Pasinei nehupenyu hwavo hupfupi, vakasiya chiratidzo chisingaperi panhoroondo yeScotland uye tsika. Nhaka yavo inogona kuonekwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sePictish matombo, sirivheri hoards, uye zvivakwa zvekuvaka.
Kwakabva Mapikicha
Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvinonakidza zvePicts kwaakabva, ayo anoramba ari musoro wegakava pakati pevanyori venhoroondo nevanochera matongo. Zvinowanzobvumwa kuti vaive mubatanidzwa wemadzinza uye vaive nehumambo hunomwe. Nekudaro, iwo chaiwo mabviro ePicts achiri zvakafukidzwa nezvakavanzika. Izwi rekuti "Pict" pacharo rinotendwa kuti rakabva kune rechiLatini "Picti", rinoreva "vanhu vakapendwa", kana kubva kuzita rekuzvarwa "Pecht" rinoreva "madzitateguru", vachisimbisa tsika dzavo dzakasiyana.
Unyanzvi hwehondo: Vakamisa vaRoma vane simba
MaPicts aizivikanwa nehunyanzvi hwavo hwechiuto uye kupinda muhondo. Zvichida muvengi wavo ainyanya kuzivikanwa aiva Hushe hweRoma. Kunyange zvazvo vakanga vakapatsanurwa kuva marudzi akasiyana, apo vaRoma vakapinda nechisimba, mhuri dzePictish dzaiuya pamwe chete pasi pemutungamiri mumwechete kuti dzivapikisane, zvakafanana nemaCelt panguva yekukunda kwaKesari Gaul. VaRoma vakaita nhamburiko nhatu dzokukunda Caledonia (zvino yava Scotland), asi kumwe nokumwe kwakava kwechinguvana. Vakazovaka Rusvingo rwaHadrian kuratidza muganhu wavo wekuchamhembe.
VaRoma vakatora Scotland kwenguva pfupi kusvika kuPerth ndokuvaka rumwe rusvingo, Antonine Wall, vasati vadzokera shure kuHadrian's Wall. Muna 208 CE, Mambo Septimius Severus akatungamirira nhimbe yokuparadza maPict ainetsa, asi vakashandisa nzira dzechigandanga ndokudzivisa kukunda kweRoma. Severus akafa panguva yemushandirapamwe, uye vanakomana vake vakadzokera kuRoma. Sezvo vaRoma vaingoramba vasina kubudirira mukukunda maPicts, vakazobuda munharaunda yacho zvachose.
Sezvineiwo, nepo vaPict vaive varwi vanotyisa, vaive nerunyararo pakati pavo. Hondo dzavo nemamwe marudzi dzaive dzenyaya diki sekuba zvipfuyo. Vakaumba chaunga chakaoma kunzwisisa chine masangano enzanga akaoma kunzwisisa uye gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yakarongwa. Humwe humwe hwoumambo hunomwe hwaiva navatongi vahwo humene nemitemo, zvichikarakadza chaunga chakarongeka chaichengeta rugare mukati memiganhu yayo.
Kuvapo kwavo kwakaumba ramangwana reScotland
Nekufamba kwenguva, maPicts akafananidzwa nedzimwe tsika dzakavakidzana, dzakadai seDál Riata nemaAnglians. Kufananidzwa uku kwakakonzera kupera kwekuzivikanwa kwavo kwePictish uye kubuda kweHumambo hweScots. Pesvedzero yePicts panhoroondo yeScotland netsika haigone kudzikisirwa, sezvo kufananidzwa kwavo kwakazogadzirisa ramangwana reScotland.
Ko maPicts aive akaita sei?
Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, kuratidzwa kwePicts sevasina kupfeka, varwi vane tattoo hakuna kururama. Vaipfeka zvipfeko zvakasiyana-siyana uye vaizvishongedza nezvishongo. Zvinosuruvarisa, nekuda kwekuparara kwemachira, hapana humbowo hwakawanda hwezvipfeko zvavo hwakapona. Zvisinei, zvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo, zvakadai semabhuroko nemapini, zvinoratidza kuti vaidada zvikuru nechitarisiko chavo.
Matombo ePictish
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokatyamadza zvakasiiwa nePicts matombo ePictish. Aya matombo akamira akakamurwa kuita makirasi matatu uye akashongedzwa ne enigmatic zviratidzo. Zviratidzo izvi zvinotendwa sechikamu chemutauro wakanyorwa, kunyangwe zvazvinoreva chaizvo zvichiramba zvisingazivikanwi. Matombo ePictish anopa zviratidzo zvinocherechedzwa kubudiriro yehunyanzvi netsika yePicts.
Mahodhi esirivha ePictish
Chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chakawanikwa chine chekuita nePicts ndeye Pictish sirivheri hoards. Aya mahodhi akavigwa nevaPictish aristocrats uye akafukunurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana muScotland. Mahodhi ane zvinhu zvesirivha zvakaomesesa zvinoratidza hunyanzvi hwePicts. Zvinonyanya kukosha, zvimwe zvezvinhu zvesirivheri izvi zvakashandiswa patsva uye zvakaitwa patsva kubva muzvigadzirwa zvechiRoma, zvichiratidza kugona kwevaPict kuchinjika nekubatanidza pesvedzero dzekunze mutsika dzavo.
Mapikicha maviri ane mukurumbira anonzi Norrie's Law Hoard uye St. Ninian's Isle Hoard. Norrie's Law Hoard yaiva nezvinhu zvakawanda zvesirivha, zvinosanganisira mabrooches, zvishongo, uye magoblets. Saizvozvowo, iyo St. Aya mahodhi anogovera ratidziro dzakakosha kwete chete pahunyanzvi hwePictish asiwo nezvehupfumi hwavo nemagariro.
Mafungiro ekupedzisira paPicts
Mukupedzisa, mavambo ePicts akafukidzwa nekusagadzikana, nedzidziso dzinopesana uye zvinyorwa zvishoma zvenhoroondo. Vamwe vanotenda kuti vakabva kuvagari vekutanga veScotland, nepo vamwe vachifunga kuti vaive madzinza echiCelt kubva kuEuropean mainland akatamira kudunhu. Gakava rinoenderera mberi, richisiya dzinza ravo rechokwadi nenhaka iri chikanganiso chinokatyamadza.
Chii chinozivikanwa, zvisinei, ndechokuti maPicts akanga ari mhizha nenyanzvi dzepamusoro, zvinopupurirwa nematombo avo akavezwa. Aya matombo ematombo, anowanikwa muScotland yose, ane zvigadziriso zvakaomarara uye zviratidzo zvisinganzwisisike izvo zvisati zvanyatsotsanangurwa. Mamwe anoratidza zvibodzwa zvehondo nekuvhima, nepo mamwe anoratidza zvisikwa zvengano uye mafundo akaoma kunzwisisa. Chinangwa chavo nezvavanoreva zvinoramba zviri nyaya yekufungidzira, zvichikurudzira kukwezva kwebudiriro yekare yevaPict.
Hunyanzvi hwevaPicts mukugadzira simbi hunoonekwawo muhovhorosi dzesirivha dzakawanikwa kuScotland yose. Aya matura epfuma, anowanzo kuvigwa kuti achengetwe kana kuita tsika, anoratidza kugona kwavo mukugadzira zvishongo zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvinhu zvekushongedza. Kunaka uye kuomesesa kwezviumbwa izvi zvinoratidza kusimukira kwetsika yehunyanzvi, zvichiwedzera kudzamisa chakavanzika chakatenderedza maPicts.
Sezvineiwo, maPicts aive asiri ehunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu asiwo varwi vanotyisa. Nhoroondo dzevanyori venhoroondo dzeRoma dzinovarondedzera sevashori vanotyisa, vachirwa hondo nevapambi veRoma uye kunyange kudzinga chisimba cheViking. Kugona kwemauto ePicts, pamwe chete nezviratidzo zvavo zvakavanzika uye hunhu hwekuramba, zvinowedzera kukwezva kwenzanga yavo isinganzwisisike.
Sezvo mazana emakore akapfuura, maPicts zvishoma nezvishoma akafananidzwa nevaGaelic-vaitaura Scots, tsika yavo yakasarudzika inopedzisira yaenda mukusajeka. Nhasi, nhaka yavo inoramba ichirarama mune zvakasara zvezvimiro zvavo zvekare, mifananidzo yavo inokwezva, uye mibvunzo inoramba ichitenderedza nzanga yavo.
Mushure mekuverenga nezve nyika isinganzwisisike yePicts yekare, verenga nezvazvo guta rekare reIpiutak rakavakwa nemujaho webvudzi rakanaka nemeso ebhuruu, woverenga nezve Soknopaiou Nesos: Guta risinganzwisisike rekare mugwenga reFayum.
