Arīḥā, iyo inozivikanwa nemukurumbira seJeriko, iri muWest Bank rePalestine uye inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzekare paPasi, dzinotanga kusvika kuma9000 BC. Ongororo yezvokuchera matongo yakatsanangura nhoroondo yayo refu.
Iro guta rine kukosha kwakakosha kwekuchera matongo, sezvo richipa humbowo hwekutanga kugadzwa kwekugara zvachose uye shanduko yebudiriro. Zvisaririra zvevavhimi veMesolithic kubva kumakore akapoteredza 9000 BC uye zvevazukuru vavo vaigara ikoko kwenguva yakareba zvakaonekwa. Around 8000 BC, vagari vakavaka rusvingo rukuru rwematombo rwakatenderedza nzvimbo iyi, iyo yakasimbiswa neshongwe huru yematombo.
Kugadziriswa uku kwaive kumusha kune vanhu vanosvika zviuru zviviri nemazana matatu, izvo zvinotsigira kushandiswa kweizwi rekuti "guta". Iyi nguva yakaona shanduko kubva pamararamiro ekuvhima kusvika pakugara kwakazara. Uyezve, marudzi akarimwa egorosi nebhari akawanikwa, izvo zvinoreva kusimukira kwekurima. Zvingangodaro kuti kudiridza kwakagadzirwa kuitira nzvimbo yakawanda yekurima. Yekutanga Neolithic tsika yePalestine yaive autochthonous budiriro.
Makore akapoteredza 7000 BC, vagari veJeriko vakatsiviwa neboka rechipiri, vachiunza tsika yakanga isati yagadzira hari asi ichiri yenguva yeNeolithic. Iyi yechipiri Neolithic nhanho yakapera makore akapoteredza 6000 BC uye kwemakore 1000 anotevera, hapana humbowo hwekugara.
Pane imwe nguva makore akapoteredza 5000 BC, kurudziro kubva kuchamhembe, uko misha mizhinji yakanga yatangwa nemidziyo yehari yakashandiswa, yakatanga kuoneka muJeriko. Vagari vokutanga veJeriko avo vaishandisa zviumbwa zvehari vakanga vari vanyajambwa vachienzaniswa naavo vakavatangira, vachigara mumatumba akanga akanyura uye sezvingabvira vaiva vafudzi. Mumakore 2000 XNUMX akatevera, basa rakanga riri shoma uye ringangove raingogara richingoitika.
Pakutanga kwechina chemireniyamu BC, Jeriko, pamwe nePalestine yese, yakaona kuvandudzwa kwetsika dzemaguta. Masvingo aro akavakwazve. Zvakadaro, makore akapoteredza 4 BC, kukanganisa muhupenyu hwemudhorobha kwakaitika nekuda kwekuuya kwevaAmori vanotama. Makore akapoteredza 2300 BC, vakatsiviwa nevaKenani. Humbowo hwedzimba dzavo nefenicha zvakawanikwa mumakuva zvinopa nzwisiso yetsika dzavo. Iyi ndiyo tsika yakasangana nevaIzirairi pavakapinda muKenani ndokuzoitora.
VaIsraeri, vachitungamirwa naJoshua, vakarwisa Jeriko mushure mekuyambuka rwizi Jorodhani (Joshua 6). Mushure mokuparadzwa kwayo, maererano nenhoroondo yebhaibheri, yakasiiwa kusvikira Hieri weBheteri agara imomo muzana remakore rechi9 BC (1 Madzimambo 16:34). Uyezve, Jeriko rinodudzwa mune mamwe mativi eBhaibheri. Herodhi Mukuru akapedza nguva yechando ari muJeriko uye akafira ikoko muna 4 BC.
Kuchera muna 1950-51 kwakaratidza chitarisiko chikuru pedyo neWadi Al-Qilṭ, ingangove chikamu chemuzinda waHerodhi, uyo unoratidza kuremekedza kwake Roma. Zvimwe zvisaririra zvezvivako zvinoorora zvakawanikwawo munharaunda iyoyo, iyo yakazozova musimboti weJeriko reRoma neTestamende Itsva, inenge kiromita imwe nehafu kumaodzanyemba kweguta rekare. ICrusader Jericho yaive yakatenderedza mamaira kumabvazuva kwenzvimbo yeTestamende Yekare, uko kwakavambwa taundi remazuvano.
Ichi chinyorwa chakanga chiri zvakanyorwa pakutanga naKathleen Mary Kenyon, uyo akanga ari Mukuru weSt. Hugh's College, University of Oxford kubva ku1962 kusvika ku1973, uyewo Mutungamiriri weBritish School of Archaeology muJerusarema kubva 1951 kusvika 1966. Ndiye munyori wemabasa akawanda, akadai seArcheology. Munyika Tsvene uye Kuchera Jeriko.
