Easter Island iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwePacific Ocean, Chile, ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakasarudzika kwazvo pasirese. Kwemazana emakore, chitsuwa chakashanduka chiri choga nenzvimbo yayo yakasarudzika inozivikanwa sevanhu veRapa Nui. Uye nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwe, vakatanga kuveza zvihombe zvidhori zvedombo rinoputika.
Izvi zvidhori zvakakura, zvinozivikanwa seMoai, ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa zvekare zvakawanikwa. Sayenzi inoisa yakawanda dzidziso pamusoro pechakavanzika cheEaster Island, asi idzi dzidziso dzese dzinopikisana, uye chokwadi hachisati chazivikanwa.
Kwakatangira Rapa Nui
Nyanzvi dzemazuva ano dzekuchera matongo dzinotenda kuti vekutanga uye vega vanhu vechitsuwa ichi vaive boka rakazvimiririra revaPolynesia, avo vakambounza pano, uyezve vasina kubatana nenyika yavo. Kusvikira iro zuva rakaipisisa muna 1722 apo, paSvondo Svondo, murume wechiDutch Jacob Roggeveen akawana chitsuwa ichi. Akanga ari wekutanga European kuwana ichi chinoshamisa chitsuwa. Izvi zvakawanikwa munhoroondo zvakazomutsa gakava rakaipisisa nezvekwakabva Rapa Nui.
Jacob Roggeveen nevashandi vake vakafungidzira kuti paive nevanhu zviuru zviviri kusvika zviuru zvitatu pachiwi. Sezviri pachena, vaongorori vakashuma vashoma uye vashoma vagari sezvo makore akaenderera, kusvika pakupedzisira, huwandu hwevanhu hwakaderera kusvika pasi pezana mukati memakumi mashoma emakore. Zvino, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vagari vepachitsuwa ichi vaive vakatenderedza zviuru gumi nezviviri pakukwirira kwayo.
Hapana munhu anogona kubvumirana pachikonzero chechokwadi chekuti chii chakakonzera kudonha nekukasira kwevagari vepachitsuwa kana nzanga yayo. Zvichida kuti chitsuwa ichi hachikwanisi kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvakakwana zvehuwandu hwevanhu, izvo zvakatungamira kuhondo dzemadzinza. Vagari vangadai vakafawo nenzara, sezvinoonekwa nezvakasara zvemabhonzo emakonzo akabikwa akawanikwa pachitsuwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, vamwe vadzidzi vanoti kuwanda kwemakonzo kwakakonzera kutemwa kwemiti pachitsuwa ichi nekudya mbeu dzese. Uye zvakare, vanhu vanotema miti nekuipisa ivo vanomhanyisa maitiro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, munhu wese akapfuura nekushomeka kwezviwanikwa, izvo zvakakonzera kudonha kwemakonzo uye pakupedzisira kwevanhu.
Vatsvagurudzo vakashuma vanhu vakavhengana pachitsuwa ichi, uye paive nevanhu vane ganda rakasviba, pamwe nevanhu vane ganda rakatsetseka. Vamwe vaitove nebvudzi dzvuku uye neruvara rwakatsvukiswa. Izvi hazvibatanidzwe zvachose nePolynesia vhezheni yemavambo evagari vemo, kunyangwe paine humbowo hwakareba hwekutsigira kutama kubva kune zvimwe zviwi muPacific Ocean.
Inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu veRapa Nui vakafamba kuenda kuchitsuwa chiri pakati peSouth Pacific vachishandisa zvikepe zvemapuranga zvekutenderera kuma800 CE - kunyangwe imwe dzidziso ichidaro kutenderedza 1200 CE. Naizvozvo vanochera matongo vachiri kukurukura dzidziso yeakakurumbira wezvokuchera matongo uye muongorori Thor Heyerdahl.
Mune zvinyorwa zvake, Heyerdahl anoti nezvevaIngwi, avo vakapatsanurwa kuita makirasi akati wandei. Vagari vepachitsuwa vane ganda jena vaityaira marefu munzeve. Miviri yavo yaive yakatemwa nyora, uye vainamata zvidhori zvikuru zveMoai, vachiita mutambo pamberi pavo. Pane mukana here wekuti vanhu vane ganda rakachena vakambogara pakati pevaPolynesia pachitsuwa chiri kure zvakadaro?
Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti Easter Island yakagadziriswa mumatanho etsika mbiri dzakasiyana. Imwe tsika yaibva kuPolynesia, imwe ichibva kuSouth America, pamwe ichibva kuPeru, uko kwaiwanikwawo mammies evanhu vekare vane vhudzi dzvuku.
Chakavanzika cheIsita Island hachigumira pano, kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvisina kujairika zvine hukama nenyika ino yakasarudzika yenhoroondo. Rongorongo neRapamycin vanonakidza vaviri vavo.
Rongorongo - An Undeciphered Zvinyorwa
Mamishinari paakasvika kuEaster Island muma1860, vakawana mahwendefa ematanda akavezwa nezviratidzo. Vakabvunza zvizvarwa zveRapa Nui zvairehwa nezvakanyorwa, uye vakaudzwa kuti hapana munhu aiziva zvekare, nekuti vekuPeru vakauraya vese vachenjeri. VaRapa Nui vakashandisa mahwendefa sehuni kana hove, uye pakupera kwezana ramakore, vanenge vese vanga vaenda. Rongorongo yakanyorwa mukuchinjana nzira; iwe unoverenga mutsetse kubva kuruboshwe uchienda kurudyi, wobva wadzora hwendefa iro 180 madigiri uye uverenge rinotevera mutsetse.
Pakave nekuyedza kwakawanda kwekutsanangura rongorongo script yeEaster Island kubva payakawanikwa mukupera kwezana regumi nemapfumbamwe century. Sezvo nezvakawanda zvisina kunyorwa zvinyorwa, zvakawanda zvezvirongwa zvave zvekunyepedzera. Kunze kwechikamu chetabhenakeri chimwe chakaratidzirwa kubata nekarenda yemwedzi, hapana zvinyorwa zvacho zvinonzwisiswa, uye kunyange karenda racho harigone kuverenga. Hazvizivikanwe kana rongorongo inomiririra mutauro weRapa Nui kana kwete.
Nyanzvi mune chimwe chikamu chehwendefa hadzina kukwanisa kuverenga mamwe mahwendefa, zvichiratidza kuti rongorongo haisi sisitimu yakabatana, kana kuti proto-kunyora inoda kuti muverengi atoziva chinyorwa.
Rapamycin: Chinokosha Kusafa
Chakavanzika Easter bhakitiriya inogona kuve kiyi yekusafa. Rapamycin, kana inozivikanwawo se Sirolimus, mushonga unowanikwa pakutanga muEaster Island bacteria. Mamwe masayendisiti anoti inogona kumisa kukwegura uye ive kiyi yekusafa. Inogona kurebesa hupenyu hwemakonzo ekare ne9 kusvika 14 muzana, uye inowedzera hupenyu hurefu munhunzi uye mbiriso zvakare. Kunyangwe kutsvagurudza kuchangobva kuitika kuchiratidza pachena kuti Rapamycin ine chinogonesa kupokana nekukwegura, haina njodzi uye nyanzvi hadzina chokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro yacho pamwe nemhedzisiro zvinogona kunge zviri zvekushandisa kwenguva yakareba.
mhedziso
Masayendisiti anogona kusazombowana mhinduro yakajeka yekuti maPolynesia akaisa chitsuwa ichi pachii uye nei budiriro yakadhirika nekukasira. Muchokwadi, nei vakaisa panjodzi yekufamba mugungwa rakavhurika, nei vakatsaurira hupenyu hwavo kuveza Moai kubva tuff - yakakwenenzverwa nedota remakomo. Kunyangwe iri mhando inopinda yemakonzo kana vanhu yakaparadza nharaunda, Easter Island inoramba iri yambiro yenyika.
