Muna 2016, panguva yekuferefeta kweLake Van monster, vaongorori vakagumburwa pane zvinoshamisa zvakawanikwa zvekuchera matongo. Pasi pegungwa pakabereka nhare yemakore 3,000 XNUMX, zvakasara zvakawanikwa pakadzika kweLake Van, iri muTurkey.
Iyi budiriro yekare, inozivikanwa seHumambo hweVan, inofungidzirwa kuti yakabva kuIron Age Urartu uye yaivepo kubva muzana ramakore rechisere kusvika rechinomwe BC. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nekuwanikwa kwematongo epasi pemvura.
Tahsin Ceylan, mutori wemifananidzo wepasi pemvura akatungamira boka revanonyurura (risingasanganisire anochera matongo), akataura kuti paive nefungidziro yekuti chimwe chinhu chingave chiri pasi pedenga, asi kuti vazhinji vanochera matongo nevakuru vemiziyamu vakati vaisazosangana nazvo. chero chinhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakaenderera mberi nekutsvakurudza uye vakawana kushamisa kunoshamisa - "nhare" yekare.
Kwemakore gumi apfuura timu yaCeylan yanga ichiongorora mvura dziri pasi peLake Van, ichinyora masikirwo akaitwa senge microbialites (mapenyu, organic rock zvimiro zvakafanana mune dzimwe nzira kumakorari) pamwe nenzvimbo dzekuchera matongo, sengarava yeRussia yakatanga kusvika. 10.
Panguva ino, matongo anoshamisa ari pasi pemvura akawanikwa kunze kwechiteshi chengarava cheAdilcevaz, taundi rokuTurkey ranga richigarwa kwezviuru zvemakore.
Maererano naCeylan, nhare iyi yakareba kiromita imwe chete uye ine chivako chakasimba, uye inonyanya kugadzirwa nematombo akavezwa. Sezvineiwo, timu yakanga yawana shumba inodhirowa pane imwe yadzo, ichitsigira pfungwa yekuti maUrartians - vanhu vakabudirira muTurkey makore zviuru zvitatu apfuura - vanogona kunge vakavaka chimiro. Shumba dzaive chimiro chakakurumbira pakati pevanhu veUrartu.
Ukuwo, zvakazoonekwa gare gare kuti zvikamu zve“nhare,” shoko rinoshandiswa nevazivi kuirondedzera, zvichida nderomuMiddle Ages, rakatangira munenge muna AD 476 kusvika muna 1450, uye ringava risiri zvachose. kuwanikwa kutsva: Mishumo kubva kuongororo yenzvimbo yeLake Van yakaitwa muma1950 nema1960 yakaratidza kuvepo kwechimiro. Hazvina kujeka kuti nhare yakagezwa pasi pemvura riini.
Nekudaro, Paul Zimansky, purofesa wenhoroondo paStony Brook University muNew York, vanotenda kuti zvinogoneka kuti mamwe e3,000-ane makore ekuUrartian akasara akaonekwa mumifananidzo akashandiswa zvakare nevavaki venhare munguva yeMiddle Ages.
Muchokwadi, muunganidzwa wakakura weongororo uye zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa nevanochera matongo vakaongorora nzvimbo yeLake Van mu1950s uye 1960s inosanganisira kutaurwa kwezvose Urartu uye medieval zvakasara munzvimbo iyi.
Iyo yakapfuura yenyika yeUrartu hainzwisisike uye izere nekusajeka nekuda kwekushaya ruzivo nezvazvo. VaHebheru vaiwanzoidana kuti Ararat, nepo muzuva redu razvino uno inozivikanwa soUmambo hwaVan.
Nhasi, zvakaoma kutsvaga mavambo eumambo, asi vanochera matongo vanoti Urartu, isati yaparadzwa, yaiva muEastern Turkey, Iran uye ikozvino Armenian Republic.
Yokutanga yakanyorwa inotaura nezveUrartu yaiva muzvinyorwa zveAsiria. Iyi nhare yeUrartu iri pasi pemvura inotambanuka kwekiromita uye madziro ayo anosvika 10-13 tsoka pakureba. Pasinei nezera rayo, rinoramba rakachengetedzwa zvakanaka nekuda kwemamiriro ealkaline egungwa.
Nguva yakapfuura yeVan Lake inotora makore 6,000, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yemadziva ekare aripo. Iri muTurkey, ndiro dziva rakakura kwazvo munyika uye yechipiri pakukura muMiddle East. Pamusoro pezvo, ndiro dziva guru remvura yesodium munyika. Iri munzvimbo yeEastern Anatolian, pedyo nemuganhu weIran, dziva rakagadzirwa nekuda kwekuputika kwegomo reGomo reNe.mrut, mudunhu reVan.
