Pali zopangidwa zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zidapangidwa m'masiku amakono koma zidapangidwa zaka mazana ambiri ngakhale mzaka zambiri zapitazo.
Nawu mndandanda wamatekinoloje 12 akale kwambiri komanso zopanga zomwe zinali patsogolo pa nthawi yawo:
1 | Opaleshoni yodzikongoletsera komanso koyenera kupanga ma prosthetic - 3,000 BC
Kuyika koyamba kwaumboni m'mbiri kuti athetse vutoli kumachitika ku Egypt wakale, zaka masauzande zapitazo. Anali chala chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi matabwa, chopezeka pa amayi. Ngakhale ndi chala chakumanja, chimapangidwa mwaluso ndipo chimawoneka kuti chimathandiza munthu amene wanyamula mosavuta.
Mankhwala othandizira kukonza pulasitiki wa mphuno zosweka amatchulidwa koyamba mu Edwin Smith Papyrus, cholembedwa cha zolemba zamankhwala zaku Aigupto Zakale. Ndi imodzi mwazolemba zakale kwambiri zamankhwala odziwika ku Old Kingdom kuyambira 3000 mpaka 2500 BC.
Chitsanzo china cha opareshoni yakale ya pulasitiki chidachitika ku India mu 800 BC pomwe munthu adamangidwanso ndi mlatho wammphuno pogwiritsa ntchito khungu pamphumi ndi masaya.
Kupatula izi, Sushruta, sing'anga waku India m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC, adathandizira kwambiri pantchito ya opaleshoni ya pulasitiki komanso ya cataract yomwe tikutsatirabe.
2 | Ngalande - pafupifupi 2,600 BC
Makina oyambilira aukadaulo m'mbiri ya anthu adapezeka ku Mohenjo Daro ndi Zamgululi, midzi iwiri ikuluikulu ya chitukuko cha Indus River Valley, yomwe tsopano ili ku Pakistan. Kunali zimbudzi zonse za anthu onse, maiwe komanso malo okwerera zonyansa mumzinda wonsewo.
Kuphatikiza apo, makina ena akale akale ankapezeka m'mizinda yakale ya Babulo, China, ndi Roma, ndipo alipobe mpaka pano.
3 | Zida zamoto - pafupifupi 420 BC
Chida choopsa ichi, chotchedwa Greek Fire, chidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mfumu yaku Eastern Roma ngati chida chowonongera sitima za adani. Inali payipi yamkuwa, yotulutsa mankhwala oyaka kwambiri mkati. Poyamba, pampu yachikopa ndi yamatabwa imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mankhwalawa mu chitoliro. Pamwamba pa chitoliro, panali munthu ataimirira ndi moto pamene mankhwala amtunduwu amangophulika, ndipo amakhoza kuyatsa asanaponyedwe m'zombo za adani. Imatha kutentha ngakhale pamadzi.
Ngakhale kuti moto wachi Greek udagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ndi Aroma atazungulira ku Constantinople pakati pa 673 AD ndi 678 AD, wolemba mbiri waku Atene Thucydides ananenanso kuti mu kuzungulira kwa Delium mu 424 BC chubu yayitali yamagudumu idagwiritsidwa ntchito yomwe idawotcha malawi kutsogolo pogwiritsa ntchito chiwombankhanga chachikulu.
4 | Alamu wotchi - pafupifupi 400 BC
M'nthawi zakale, wafilosofi wachi Greek Plato adagwiritsa ntchito mita yamadzi yokhoza kutulutsa chizindikiritso kuti inali nthawi yamaphunziro ake mbandakucha. Mawotchi otengera madzi ofananawo adapangidwa pambuyo pake ku Roma wakale ndi ku Middle East.
5 | Zidole - 323 BC
Mitundu yoyambirira yamaloboti amakono, ooneka ngati akazi adayikidwa pamwamba pa nyumba yowunikira pachilumba cha Pharos ku Alexandria, Igupto wakale. Masana, amatha kutembenuka ndikudina belu. Usiku, anali kulira mokweza ngati malipenga, posonyeza oyendetsa sitima pafupi ndi gombe.
6 | Chipangizo choyezera kutalika - zaka za zana lachitatu BC
Wasayansi wachi Greek Archimedes ndiye woyamba kupanga chida (Odometer) kuyeza mtunda woyenda ndi galimoto. Zikuwoneka ngati mzere wamawayilo ang'onoang'ono, olembedwa manambala, kuyimira kutalika kwagalimoto. Ngakhale chipangizocho chidafotokozedwa koyamba ndi Vitruvius mozungulira 27 ndi 23 BC, wopanga weniweni amakhulupirira kuti ndiye Archimedes wa Syracuse (c. 287 BC - c. 212 BC) munkhondo yoyamba ya Punic.
Chida chofananacho chidapezeka ku China wakale, chopangidwa ndi Zhang Heng, wasayansi ku Eastern Han Dynasty.
7 | Mabatire - pafupifupi zaka za zana lachitatu BC
Chotengera chadothi ichi, chotchedwa Baghdad Battery, ili ndi chitoliro chamkuwa ndi ndodo yachitsulo mkati. Amaganiziridwa kuti amatha kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito makutidwe ndi okosijeni mkati mwa chotengera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, anthu sakudziwabe kuti mphamvu iyi ndi ya chiyani chifukwa panthawiyo kunalibe zida zopangira magetsi. Pali chiphunzitso choti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda, ndipo lingaliro linanso ndikuti batire iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira zikalata zofunika. Palibe amene amadziwa bwino zomwe zimachitika ndi zidutswa zachilendozi.
8 | Zitseko zokhazokha - zaka za zana loyamba AD
Ku Greece wakale, anthu amadziwa kupanga zitseko zokhazokha pakachisi, zoyendetsedwa ndi ma injini. Anthu anali kuyatsa moto kunsi kwa guwa lansembe, pamwamba pake panali mapaipi okhala ndi madzi. Nthunzi yotulutsidwayo imatha kutembenuza chopangira mphamvu ndikuthandizira chitseko cha kachisi kutseguka. Chinyengo ichi chimapanganso chinyengo chosadziwika mkati mwa kachisi.
9 | Makina ogulitsa - zaka za zana loyamba AD
Masiku ano, makina ogulitsira amatha kugulitsa pafupifupi chilichonse, kuyambira pazoseweretsa mpaka zakumwa zotentha komanso zozizira komanso zakudya. Koma m'masiku akale, ndi makina awa, anthu amangogula madzi oyera osamba m'manja akachisi. Ndalama ikaikidwa mu makina, makina ake amatulutsa madzi ena m'manja mwa kasitomala (mlendo).
10 | Seismograph - 132 AD
Chinthu china chodabwitsa kwambiri cha Zhang Heng, chida chochenjeza za chivomerezi. Anasanthula ndikulemba zochitika zonse zivomezi kenako adakhala nthawi yayitali akufufuza ndikupanga makina oyesera ndi kuneneratu za "chivomerezi weathervane." Ngakhale zimawoneka ngati zachilendo, ndizolondola kwambiri. Chivomezi chitatsala pang'ono kuchitika, mpira wawung'ono wamkuwa udzatulutsidwa kuchokera kumodzi mwa milomo isanu ndi iwiri ya chinjoka ndikutulutsa mkamwa mwawo.
11 | Magalasi a magalasi - m'zaka za zana la 10 AD
Magalasi oyambilira oyamba adapangidwa ndi Maeskimo kuteteza maso awo ku kunyezimira ndi dzuwa pa chisanu. Komabe, alibe magalasi aliwonse omangika, koma ndi chida choteteza maso chojambulidwa kuchokera mnyanga wa njovu wa ngoloyo, yomwe ili ndi mipata iwiri kapena timabowo tating'ono tating'ono kuti tiwone mseuwo.
Magalasi oyamba anapangidwa pambuyo pake ku China, m'zaka za zana la 12, ndipo sanapangidwe kuchokera ku galasi, koma kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali yotchedwa quartz ya utsi. Amagwiritsa ntchito kubisa nkhope ya wovalayo m'malo moteteza maso ku dzuwa.
12 | Makompyuta - mu 100 BC
Chipangizochi, chotchedwa Antikythera, chimawerengedwa kuti ndi kompyuta yakale yachi Greek chifukwa imatha kujambula kayendedwe ka zinthu mlengalenga, komanso kulosera molondola nthawi ya kadamsana ndi kadamsana. Osati zokhazi, komanso zitha kuwerengera kuzungulira kwa zaka zinayi za Masewera Akale a Olimpiki, yofanana ndi Olympiad.
