Zomwe akatswiri ofukula zakale apeza zatsimikizira kuti makolo athu anali otsogola kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira, ndipo adapeza chidziwitso ndi kupita patsogolo komwe kumatsutsana ndi nthawi yawo, zomwe zimadodometsa ngakhale akatswiri ofufuza komanso asayansi amakono. Battery ya Baghdad ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zotere.
Batiri la Baghdad
Mu 1938, wofukula mabwinja waku Germany Wilhelm Konig adapeza mtsuko wakale wodabwitsa komanso zina zonga izi ngati gawo la chopereka ku National Museum of Iraq, chomwe chimanenedwa ndi Parthian Ufumu - chikhalidwe chakale cha ku Asia chomwe chidalamulira madera ambiri aku Middle East kuyambira 247 BC mpaka AD 228. Pambuyo pake mu 1940, Konig adalongosola botolo ladongo lazaka 2,200 ngati batire yamagetsi yakale kwambiri yomwe idalipo. Mtsukowo udalembedwa nthawi ina pafupifupi 200 BC. Pomwe ena amati, Konig adakumba mtsukowo kuchokera pamalo ofukula mabwinja ku Iraq.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake mtsuko wadongo wazaka 2,200 ukutchedwa "Baghdad Battery"
Omwe adasanthula botolo la dongo akunena kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ndi "khungu lonyowa”Kapena“ batire. ” Mtsuko wadothi wa nondescript umangokhala mainchesi 5½ kutalika ndi mainchesi atatu kupingasa. Chotsekulacho chinatsekedwa ndi pulagi ya phula, yomwe inali ndi pepala lamkuwa, yolumikizidwa mu chubu. Chubu ichi anali wokutidwa pansi ndi chimbale zamkuwa unachitikira ndi phula kwambiri. Ndodo yachitsulo yocheperako idalumikizidwa kudzera pa pulagi wapamwamba wa phula ndikupachika pakati pa chubu chamkuwa - osakhudza gawo lililonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mtsuko wakale waku Iraq watchuka kuti "Baghdad Battery."
Ntchito zamkati za Battery ya Baghdad
Mtsukowo ukadzaza ndi madzi amchere, monga viniga kapena msuzi wamphesa wofufumitsa, umakhala batri yomwe imatha kupanga zochepa pompano. Madzi a acidic amalola kutuluka kwamagetsi kuchokera ku chubu lamkuwa kupita ku ndodo yachitsulo pomwe zida ziwiri zachitsulo zimalumikizidwa. Izi ndizofanana zomwe zidapezeka ndi Galvani zaka 2,000 pambuyo pake ndipo Kuphulika kwa Alessandro adalumikizidwa bwino mu batri yoyamba yamakono zaka zingapo pambuyo pake.
Kodi Battery ya Baghdad idagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani?
Ofufuza omwe akuchita zoyeserera zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya Baghdad Battery, monga zotsatira zomwe adakwanitsa kupanga magetsi pakati pa 1.5 ndi 2 volts kuchokera pamitunduyo. Si mphamvu zambiri. Komabe, ofufuza adadabwabe kuti mabatire akadakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji pafupifupi zaka 2,200 zapitazo!
Ambiri afotokoza za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Baghdad Battery ponena kuti Agiriki ndi Aroma adagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya nsomba zamagetsi pochiza ululu, amatha kuyimilira pa eel wamagetsi mpaka mapazi awo opweteka atagwa. Chifukwa chake, batiri mwina limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lokonzeka la magetsi ochepera pang'ono (Electroanalgesia).
Malingaliro ena amakhulupirira kuti mabatire angapo akadalumikizidwa palimodzi kuti apange mphamvu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito kusanja golide pamwamba pa siliva. Zambiri zatsopano ndimabatire angapo amtundu wa Baghdad asonyeza kuti izi ndizotheka.
Zosangalatsa zomwe muyenera kudziwa za Battery ya Baghdad
- Mabatire a Baghdad kwenikweni ndi miphika ya terracotta yomwe ili pafupifupi 115 mm mpaka 140 mm kutalika.
- Ngakhale a Wilhelm Konig, wofukula mabwinja waku Germany yemwe anali wamkulu wa National Museum of Iraq, akukhulupilira kuti apeza ma Batri a Baghdad muzosungitsa zakale mu 1938, sizikudziwika ngati Konig adadzikumba yekha kapena adazipeza zakale.
- Wilhelm Konig anali m'modzi mwa oyamba kuganiza kuti mitsuko yakaleyo yazaka 2200 inali mabatire papepala lofalitsidwa mu 1940.
- Amakhulupirira kuti mabatirewo anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zakale popangira golide pazinthu zasiliva, kapena ngati gwero lokonzeka lamagetsi ochepa kwambiri. Mpaka lero zonena izi sizinatsimikizidwe ndipo palibe umboni wotsimikizika wotsimikizira izi.
- Anthu akale ku Mesopotamia amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa "kukulitsa moto”Pokongoletsa.
- Olemba akatswiri akale a Astronaut amati Aigupto wakale anali odziwa bwino mabatire a Baghdad. Malinga ndi malingaliro awo, mabatire amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuperekera kuwala muzipinda zamapiramidi ndi malo ena obisika. Koma chiphunzitsochi chilibe umboni wochirikiza. Mpaka pano, palibe zolembedwa zomwe zapezedwa kulikonse zomwe zingafotokozere zamagetsi kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kalekale, osagwiritsa ntchito "Mabatire a Baghdad."
- Ngati zinthu zaku Iraq izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabatire akadadutsa zaka zamagulu zamagetsi zamagetsi za Alessandro Volta.
- Ochita kafukufuku omwe amagwirizana ndi lingaliro loti miphika ya terracotta ndi mabatire akale akuti madzi amchere amphesa, mandimu, kapena viniga amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati acidic electrolyte kuti apange magetsi ochepa, omwe sanali oposa 2 volts.
- Ngakhale kuti panali zochepa zolembedwa za Baghdad Batteries, mu 1978, Dr. Arne Eggebrecht wochokera ku Pelizaeus Museum ku Hildesheim adayesapo zochepa za Baghdad Battery (replica) pogwiritsa ntchito madzi amphesa ngati madzi amchere komanso magawo ang'onoang'ono a siliva zomwe akuti zidapangitsa kuti magetsi apange.
- Elizabeth Stone, pulofesa ku Stony Brook University komanso katswiri wazofukula zakale ku Iraq, akuti izi sizinali Mabatire ndipo sagwirizana kotheratu ndi aliyense amene akufuna kunena zina.
- Popeza mafotokozedwe a Mabatire a Baghdad, awa adasindikizidwa pamwamba ndi zidutswa zachitsulo kotero zikadakhala zosatheka kuzilumikiza ndi chilichonse ngakhale atapanga magetsi pokhapokha mapangidwe ake asinthidwa.
- Palibe mawaya kapena makondakitala aliwonse omwe apezeka kapena amagwirizanitsidwa ndi Mabatire a Baghdad.
- Palinso zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zimafanana ndi Mabatire a Baghdad omwe amapezeka ku Mesopotamiya wakale, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posunga gumbwa.
- Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mwina mipukutu ya gumbwa yovunda yomwe idayikidwa mkati mwa zombozi mwina idapangitsa zotsalira za acid.
Ndiye mukuganiza bwanji pa "Baghdad Battery?" Kodi ilidi ndi batire imene inkagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga magetsi m’nthaŵi zakale? Kapena, ndi mtundu wa mphika wa terracotta wosunga mipukutu ya gumbwa?
