Rapanui Society txuas ntxiv mus tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Easter Island

Tus kws tshawb fawb Jared Diamond hauv nws phau ntawv Collapse (2005), xav tias kev tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov nas ntau dhau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev, tsis muaj peev txheej thiab khoom noj tsis txaus, thiab, thaum kawg, kev sib tsoo ntawm Rapanui Society of Easter Island - qhov kev xav uas feem coob ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ntseeg.

Rapanui Society txuas ntxiv mus tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Easter Island 1
Cov neeg Rapa Nui chiselled ntawm lub roob hluav taws, carving Moai, monolithic statues ua los hwm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv. Lawv tau txav cov pob zeb loj loj - qhov nruab nrab 13 feet siab thiab 14 tons -mus rau kev ua kab ke sib txawv nyob ib puag ncig cov kob, qhov kev ua uas yuav tsum tau siv ob peb hnub thiab ntau tus txiv neej.

Tab sis kev kawm tshiab ntawm Prehistory of Easter Island (Rapa Nui) tau ua los ntawm pab pawg thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm los ntawm Moesgaard Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Aarhus, Denmark; University of Kiel, hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, thiab Pompeu Fabra University of Barcelona, ​​hauv Spain, tau pom qee yam tsis raug. Hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm cov kob, lawv pom muaj cov ntxa thaum ub uas khaws cov xim liab nyob hauv.

Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nthuav tawm los ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no, luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Lub Holocene, qhia tias zaj dab neeg ntawm Rapanui-kev sib tsoo tuaj yeem tshwm sim lwm yam. Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias kev tsim cov xim liab liab txuas ntxiv mus yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Pascua txawm hais tias muaj kev hloov pauv loj heev hauv ib puag ncig thiab ib puag ncig.

Xyoo 1722 thaum, nyob rau hnub Easter Sunday, Dutchman Jacob Roggeveen tau tshawb pom cov kob. Nws yog thawj tus neeg European nrhiav pom cov kob enigmatic. Roggeveen thiab nws pab neeg kwv yees tias muaj 2,000 txog 3,000 tus neeg nyob hauv cov kob. Pom tau, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm cov neeg tsawg thiab tsawg dua li cov xyoo dhau mus, txog thaum kawg, cov pejxeem tau qis qis dua 100 nyob rau ob peb xyoos lawm. Tam sim no, nws tau kwv yees cov pej xeem nyob ib puag ncig 12,000 ntawm nws qhov siab tshaj.
Xyoo 1722 thaum, nyob rau hnub Easter Sunday, Dutchman Jacob Roggeveen tau tshawb pom cov kob. Nws yog thawj tus neeg European nrhiav pom cov kob enigmatic. Roggeveen thiab nws pab neeg kwv yees tias muaj 2,000 txog 3,000 tus neeg nyob hauv cov kob. Pom tau, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm cov neeg tsawg thiab tsawg dua li cov xyoo dhau mus, txog thaum kawg, cov pejxeem tau qis qis dua 100 nyob rau ob peb xyoos lawm. Tam sim no, nws tau kwv yees cov pej xeem nyob ib puag ncig 12,000 ntawm nws qhov siab tshaj.

Kev tsim cov xim zoo nkauj

Easter Island yog nto moo thoob plaws ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau nws cov tib neeg zoo li cov pej thuam, moai, sawv cev ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg Rapanui. Tab sis ntxiv rau cov mlom, cov neeg nyob hauv Easter Island tseem tsim cov xim liab, raws li lub ntsej muag liab, uas lawv tau thov rau cov duab tha xim, petroglyphs, moai ... ntxiv rau hauv cov ntsiab lus kev lom zem.

Thaum lub xub ntiag ntawm cov xim no twb paub zoo rau cov kws tshawb fawb, nws lub hauv paus thiab cov txheej txheem tsim tau tsis meej. Xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm tau tshawb pom thiab tshawb fawb tshawb fawb ntawm plaub qhov chaw, tawm tswv yim tias tau tsim cov xim loj loj ntawm cov kob.

Rapanui Society txuas ntxiv mus tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Easter Island 2
Kev kos duab qhia ib ntu nrog peb lub qhov ntxa, pom hauv Vaipú, muaj cov ocher. © Duab A. Mieth

Cov qhov nyob ntawm Easter yog nplua nuj nyob hauv cov hmoov hlau oxides, hematite thiab maghemite, cov zaub mov uas muaj xim liab. Kev tshuaj ntsuam geochemical uas tau ua tiav ntawm microcarbons thiab phytoliths (tseem tshuav ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj) qhia tias cov zaub mov raug rhaub, tejzaum nws yuav tau txais xim ci dua. Qee qhov av tau raug ntsaws, uas yuav qhia tau tias lawv tau siv ob qho tib si rau kev tsim khoom thiab khaws cia ntawm cov xim no.

Cov phytoliths pom hauv qhov dej ntawm Easter Island feem ntau yog los ntawm Panicoideae, cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cov nyom. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov phytoliths no tau siv ua ib feem ntawm cov roj siv los ua kom sov cov xim.

Rapanui Society txuas ntxiv mus tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Easter Island 3
Trench khawb av los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm Poike. Nws muaj cov txheej nyias nyias ntawm ocher, thiab xibtes hauv paus tuaj yeem pom ntawm nws lub hauv paus. © Duab: HR Bork
Nthuav dav ntawm xibtes hauv ib qho ntawm qhov khawb av. © Duab: HR Bork
Nthuav dav ntawm xibtes hauv ib qho ntawm qhov khawb av. © Duab: HR Bork

Lub qhov ntxa tau tshawb xyuas ntawm cov hnub tim nruab nrab ntawm 1200 thiab 1650. Ntawm Vaipú Este, qhov chaw uas feem ntau ntawm cov qhov ntxa tau pom, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias ntau ntawm lawv tau nyob qhov twg hauv paus xibtes tau pom yav tas los, ntxiv rau hauv Poike, qhov twg lwm qhov lub qhov ntxa tau pom. Qhov no qhia tias tsim cov xim tau tshwm sim tom qab ntxuav thiab hlawv ntawm cov ntoo xibtes qub.

Qhov no qhia tau tias txawm hais tias tsob ntoo xibtes ntoo tau ploj mus, cov neeg nyob ua ntej keeb kwm ntawm Easter Island txuas ntxiv tsim cov xim, thiab ntawm qhov loj. Qhov tseeb no sib txawv nrog qhov kev xav yav dhau los tias kev tshem cov nroj tsuag ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo. Qhov kev tshawb pom muab rau peb nrog kev nkag siab tshiab rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg los daws qhov kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig.

xaus

Thaum kawg, cov lus nug tseem nyob, Cov neeg Rapanui tau ploj mus ntawm cov kob ntawd li cas? Vim li cas lawv thiaj ploj mus sai? Tsis tas li, muaj cov lej ntawm cov lus nug txog lawv keeb kwm tiag, nws tseem tsis tau paub ntawm cov kob uas lawv tuaj ntawm. Kev sib raug zoo thiab kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm txhua yam, lawv tau qhia txog kev txawj ntse thiab zoo tshaj hauv keeb kwm, tab sis lawv qhov kev ploj tuag tam sim yam tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev tseem yog qhov paub tsis meej txog niaj hnub no. Tam sim no, peb lub qhov muag tsuas tuaj yeem pom qee cov duab puab thiab cov khoom siv tes ua tom qab los ntawm lub zej zog zoo uas ua rau peb xav tsis thoob thiab ua rau peb xav tsis thoob txawm tias niaj hnub no.