Tshawb pom xyoo 1995, cov monoliths ntawm Gobekli Tepe yog qhov pom meej ib ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev zais keeb kwm loj tshaj plaws. Thaum pom, nws zoo li tau txhob txwm muab faus rau hauv cov xuab zeb, rau qhov laj thawj uas tseem tsis tau paub.
Dab tsi yog tus neeg txawv yog tias cov pa roj carbon sib tham kwv yees qhov chaw yuav luag 12,000 xyoo! Qhov kev kos duab zoo siv thaum tsim kho yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Txog tam sim no tsuas yog 5% ntawm qhov chaw tsis txaus ntseeg no tau raug khawb. Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tau npaj tseg ntau yam ntawm nws kom tsis txhob raug tshawb pom los ntawm cov neeg tiam tom ntej thaum cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los yuav zoo dua.
Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Ntawm Gobekli Tepe:
Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm los ntawm Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Istanbul thiab Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Chicago xub pom Gobekli Tepe xyoo 1963 thaum lub sijhawm tshawb fawb keeb kwm. Tab sis lawv tsis xav tias nws yog dab tsi ntau dua li lub ntxa nruab nrab medieval. Lawv tau pom ib lub toj nrog cov pob zeb tawg ntawm cov pob zeb limestone thiab tsis thab saib ntxiv, paub tseeb tias yuav tsis muaj dab tsi ntau dua li ob peb pob txha tso los so ob peb puas xyoo ua ntej.
Xyoo 1994, Klaus Schmidt ntawm German Archaeological Institute, uas yav dhau los tau ua haujlwm ntawm Nevalı Çori, tab tom nrhiav lwm qhov chaw los khawb. Nws tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm thaj tsam ib puag ncig, pom xyoo 1963 Chicago cov kws tshawb fawb piav qhia luv luv ntawm Gobekli Tepe, thiab txiav txim siab rov tshuaj xyuas lub xaib. Tau pom cov qauv zoo sib xws ntawm Nevalı Çori, nws lees paub qhov ua tau tias pob zeb thiab pob zeb ua ntej muaj keeb kwm. Xyoo tom ntej, nws tau pib khawb qhov ntawd hauv kev koom tes nrog Museumanlıurfa Tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab tsis ntev tom ntej tau nthuav tawm thawj ntawm T-zoo li tus ncej. Qhov no tsuas yog pib ntawm ib qho ntawm cov keeb kwm tsis paub zoo tshaj plaws.
Gobekli Tepe - Ib Feem Tseem Ceeb Ntawm Keeb Kwm:
Nyob ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Mesopotamia nyob rau sab Qab Teb Hnub Qub Qaum Teb, Gobekli Tepe yog cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg uas hais txog, toj roob hauv pes ua los ntawm cov neeg uas tuaj ua ntej ntau txhiab xyoo.
Hauv qib qis tshaj uas paub tias yog Txheej III, nws qhov kev tsim kho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau rov qab mus rau 10,000 txog 11,000 BC, thaum kawg ntawm Ice Age. Nws yog lub sijhawm uas kwv yees qhia txog kev sau ntawv, cov cuab yeej hlau thiab txawm tias siv lub log nyob hauv cheeb tsam los ntawm 6,000 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob tawg, qhov kawg ntawm Txheej III tuaj yeem kho tau txog li 9000 BC.
Ua tub rog nrog tsuas yog siv cov thev naus laus zis yooj yim tshaj plaws, cov neeg tsim khoom qub siv cov cuab yeej zeb los txua cov pob zeb loj loj rau hauv cov ncej, txhua qhov hnyav ntawm 11 txog 22 tons. Tom qab ntawd ntau pua tus neeg yuav ua haujlwm ua ke kom txav cov ncej nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm 100-500 metres mus rau qhov nyuaj.
Ntawm qhov chaw, cov pob zeb loj tau teeb tsa nyob hauv ib ncig ntawm kwv yees li yim tus ncej ncaj, txhua. Txhua tus ncej yog suav nrog ob lub pob zeb uas ua T-puab. Feem ntau, rau tus ncej, txuas nrog phab ntsa qis, tau teeb tsa ib puag ncig, thiab ob tug ncej siab dua nyob hauv nruab nrab. Cov ncej siab tshaj plaws ncav cuag 16 taw hauv qhov siab, thiab cov nplhaib loj tshaj plaws yog 65 taw txoj kab uas hla. Txog rau hnub no, ze li ntawm 200 tus ncej tau pom ntawm qhov khawb.
Gallery Gobekli Tepe:
Gobekli Tepe - Lub Tuam Tsev Laus Tshaj Plaws Hauv Tib Neeg Keeb Kwm:
Nws tau kwv yees los ntawm qee tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm tias qhov chaw siab ntawm Gobekli Tepe yuav ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntawm sab ntsuj plig thaum nws lub sijhawm. Thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab thoob plaws lub sijhawm, tib neeg tau nyiam tsim lub tsev loj. Txhawm rau muab koj lub tswv yim ntawm Gobekli Tepe muaj hnub nyoog li cas, xav txog lub sijhawm hauv qab no:
- Xyoo 1644: Kev tsim kho ntawm Great Wall ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau xaus nrog tag nrho qhov ntev tshaj 20,000 km.
- Xyoo 1400-1600 AD: Lub moai ntawm Easter Island tau teeb tsa.
- Xyoo 1372: Leaning Tower, hauv Pisa, Ltalis, tau ua tiav tom qab 200 xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho.
- Xyoo 1113-1150 AD: Cov Khmer ntawm Southeast Asia tau tsim lub tuam tsev loj heev rau Vishnu, Angkor Vat.
- Xyoo 200: Lub Pyramid of the Sun hauv Teotihuacan, Mexico tau ua tiav.
- 220 xyoo BC: Kev tsim kho ntawm Great Wall ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau pib.
- 432 xyoo BC: "Apotheosis ntawm Greek architecture qub," Parthenon, tau ua tiav.
- 3000-1500 BC: Kwv yees li 5,000 xyoo dhau los, pab pawg neeg vwm Neolithic Britons tau nqa plaub lub pob zeb loj tshaj 140 mais los txhim kho Stonehenge ntawm Salisbury Plain.
- 2550-2580 BC: Pharaoh Khufu lub qhov ntxa, Great Pyramid of Giza, tau ua tiav. Nws tseem yog tus neeg siab tshaj plaws kev tsim kho kom txog thaum 1311 thaum Lincoln Cathedral hauv Askiv tau ua tiav.
- 4500-2000 BC: Pre-Celts txiav thiab tso ntau dua 3,000 lub pob zeb hauv Carnac, Fab Kis.
- 9130-8800 BC: Thawj 20 qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm Gobekli Tepe tau tsim, qhov tseem ceeb, thaum kawg ntawm Pleistocene lossis Ice Age.
Cov Mysteries Uas Gobekli Tepe Sab Qab Qab:
Gobekli Tepe, uas yog qhov nyuaj ua los ntawm ntau lub tuam tsev, tej zaum yuav yog thawj lub tuam tsev hauv ntiaj teb no los ntawm tib neeg. Cov pov thawj pom ntawm qhov chaw qhia tias nws tau siv rau lub hom phiaj kev ntseeg. Cov ncej feem ntau nyob ntawm T-based, nce mus txog 6 metres siab, thiab muaj ntau hom tsiaj xws li nyuj, nab, hma liab, hmuv, crane, tsov ntxhuav, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog tias qee tus ncej hnyav nruab nrab ntawm 40-60 tons, ua rau muaj kev cia siab tias yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua tau rau cov txiv neej ua ntej keeb kwm los tsim lub tsev zoo li no thaum cov cuab yeej yooj yim tseem tsis tau raug tsim. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, cov neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau suav hais tias yog cov neeg yos hav zoov uas tsis siv neeg uas siv cov riam phom ib nrab ua los ntawm pob zeb thiab tseem tsis tau ua tiav ib daim ntawv yooj yim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Gobekli Tepe nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias cov neeg uas nyob ntawd tau muaj kev vam meej ntau dua li yav tas los xav. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm zoo no tsuas yog tshee peb 'kev nkag siab zoo ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej' mus rau qhov tseem ceeb.
Txog tam sim no, Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Qaum Ntuj Qaum Ntuj tau tshaj tawm lawv txoj kev ntseeg uas ntseeg tias tib neeg los ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb tuaj yeem pab tib neeg nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub thiab ua rau lawv tsim cov qauv zoo li no tsis yog nyob hauv Turkey, tab sis nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
xaus:
Tib neeg yuav tsum yog tus neeg yos hav zoov thaum ub thaum lub sijhawm Gobekli Tepe kev tsim kho. Qhov chaw nyob tam sim no kwv yees dab tsi kev tshawb fawb tau qhia yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qee yam ntawm qhov ntsuas xws li cov qauv ntawd. Piv txwv li, lub vev xaib tshwm sim ua ntej hnub pom zoo rau kev tsim cov kos duab thiab kos duab. Nws tseem kwv yees tus txiv neej ua haujlwm nrog hlau thiab cov tais diav tab sis muaj cov pov thawj ntawm txhua qhov no.
Qhov teeb meem tsis nyob hauv lub neej ntawm Gobekli Tepe monuments, qhov tseeb, qhov teeb meem nyob hauv qhov peb tau poob, peb poob keeb kwm. Yog tias peb rov qab saib hauv keeb kwm peb yuav pom muaj ntau txhiab qhov xwm txheej tsis paub uas tau tshwm sim hauv qhov me me ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm. Thiab yog tias peb khaws ib sab ntawm lub qhov tsua duab (uas yuav tsis ua qhov sib txawv loj), feem uas peb cov kws sau keeb kwm thiab kws tshawb fawb zoo li paub zoo yog tej zaum tsis ntau dua 3-10%.
Cov kws sau keeb kwm tau txais feem ntau ntawm cov keeb kwm ntxaws keeb kwm los ntawm ntau cov ntawv sau. Thiab Mesopotamian kev vam meej, suav nrog cov neeg peb hu ua Sumerians, thawj zaug tau siv cov ntawv sau ntau dua 5,500 xyoo dhau los. "Anatomically Modern homo sapiens" lossis homo sapiens sapiens thawj muaj nyob ib puag ncig 200,000 xyoo dhau los. Yog li tawm ntawm 200k xyoo ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm, 195.5k tsis muaj ntaub ntawv pov thawj. Uas txhais tau tias kwv yees li 97% ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm tau ploj niaj hnub no. Thiab Gobekli Tepe ua piv txwv me me tab sis qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tiag ntawm qhov ntawd poob keeb kwm
