I ka makahiki 2009, ua hōʻike ʻia ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻāpana lole nui loa o ka honua i hana ʻia mai ke kilika o ka mea ulana lole silika gula ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma New York. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ka "ʻāpana lole nui wale nō i hana ʻia mai ka siliki spider maoli e kū nei ma ka honua i kēia lā." He lole kāhili ia a he mea hoihoi ka moʻolelo o kona haku ʻana.
He papahana kēia ʻāpana lole i alakaʻi pū ʻia e Simon Peers, he mea kākau moʻolelo noʻeau Pelekāne i loea i ka textiles, a me Nicholas Godley, kāna hoa ʻoihana ʻAmelika. ʻElima makahiki i hoʻopau ʻia ka papahana a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka £300,000 (ma kahi o $395820). ʻO ka hopena o kēia hoʻoikaika ʻana he ʻāpana lole 3.4-mika (11.2 ft/) a 1.2-mika (3.9 ft.).
ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana no ka hana silika pūnaewele spider
ʻO ka lole i hana ʻia e Peers lāua ʻo Godley, he ʻahuʻula/ʻahu brocaded. Ua huki ʻia ka hoʻoikaika ʻana no kēia haku hana e nā Peers mai kahi moʻolelo Farani e pili ana i ke kenekulia 19. Hōʻike ka moʻolelo i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o kahi mikionali Jesuit Farani ma ka inoa ʻo Father Paul Camboué e unuhi a hana i nā lole mai ke kilika spider. ʻOiai ua hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo like ʻole i ka wā ma mua e hoʻololi i ka siliki spider i lole, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Father Camboué ka mea mua i kūleʻa i ka hana ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻohi ʻia ka pūnaewele spider i ka wā kahiko no nā kumu like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana ka poʻe Helene kahiko i ka punawelewele e hoʻopau i nā ʻeha mai ke koko.
Ma ke ʻano he mikionali ma Madagaskar, ua hoʻohana ʻo Father Camboué i kekahi ʻano o nā spider i loaʻa ma ka mokupuni e hana i kāna kilika pūnaewele spider. Me kahi hoa pāʻoihana ma ka inoa ʻo M. Nogué, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻoihana lole silika spider ma ka mokupuni a ʻo kekahi o kā lākou huahana, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo "kahi pahu moe piha" i ka Paris Exposition o 1898. ʻO ka hana a ua nalowale na Farani elua. Akā naʻe, ua loaʻa ka manaʻo i kēlā manawa a ua hoʻoikaika i ka hana a Peers a me Godley ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli ma hope.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana a me ka unuhi ʻana i ka silika spider
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui i kā Camboué a me Nogué i hana ai i ka kilika spider he mea hana i hana ʻia e ka mea hope e unuhi i ke kilika. ʻO kēia mīkini liʻiliʻi i hoʻokele lima ʻia a hiki ke unuhi i ka siliki mai ka 24 mau spider i ka manawa like me ka ʻole e hōʻeha iā lākou. Hiki i nā hoa ke hana i kope o kēia mīkini, a hiki ke hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana 'spider-silking'.
Ma mua naʻe o kēia, pono e hopu ʻia nā spider. ʻO ka spider i hoʻohana ʻia e Peers lāua ʻo Godley e hana i kā lākou lole, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula orb-web spider (Nephila inaurata), he ʻano ʻano maoli ia ma ʻApelika Hikina a me ʻApelika Hema, a me kekahi mau mokupuni ma ka ʻĀina Komohana. Moana, me Madagascar. ʻO nā wahine wale nō o kēia ʻano ʻano hana ke kilika, a lākou e ulana ai i ka pūnaewele. ʻAlohi nā pūnaewele i ka lā a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea e huki ai i nā mea pio, a i ʻole e lilo i mea hoʻoheheʻe.
No Peers lāua ʻo Godley, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka miliona o kēia mau pūnaewele ʻulaʻula gula wāwae ʻulaʻula i hopu ʻia i mea e loaʻa ai ka siliki no ko lākou ʻahuʻula. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, he ʻano maʻamau kēia o ka spider a nui ia ma ka mokupuni. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā spider i ka nahele i ka pau ʻana o ke kilika. Ma hope naʻe o hoʻokahi pule, hiki i nā pūnawelewele ke hana hou i ke kilika. Hoʻopuka wale nā spiders i kā lākou kilika i ka wā ua, no laila, hopu wale ʻia lākou i nā mahina ma waena o ʻOkakopa a me Iune.
I ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki ʻehā, ua hana ʻia kahi shawl / ʻahuʻula gula. Ua hōʻike mua ʻia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma New York a laila ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Victoria a me Albert ma Lākana. Ua hōʻoia kēia ʻāpana hana i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kilika spider no ka hana lole.
Paʻakikī i ka hana kilika spider
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he huahana maʻalahi i ka huahana lehulehu. Ke noho pū ʻia, no ka laʻana, lilo kēia mau spider i mea ʻai ʻai. Akā naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka silika spider he ikaika loa, akā he māmā a maʻalahi hoʻi, kahi waiwai e hoʻohauʻoli ai i nā ʻepekema he nui. No laila, ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe noiʻi e kiʻi i kēia kilika ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻokahi, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā genes spider i loko o nā mea ola ʻē aʻe (e like me ka bacteria, ʻoiai ua hoʻāʻo kekahi i nā bipi a me nā kao), a laila e ʻohi i ke kilika mai ia mau mea. Ua lanakila wale ia mau hoao ana. Me he mea lā i kēia manawa, pono e hopu kekahi i nā pūnawele he nui inā makemake kekahi e hana i kahi ʻāpana lole mai kāna kilika.
