ʻO nā Pyramids Nui o Giza ke kū nei i mea hōʻike i ke akamai o ko ʻAigupita kahiko. No nā kenekulia, ua noʻonoʻo ka poʻe loea a me nā mea kākau moʻolelo pehea i hiki ai i kahi hui me nā ʻenehana liʻiliʻi a me nā kumuwaiwai ke kūkulu i kahi hale kupaianaha. I ka ʻike ʻana i ka honua, ua wehe nā mea kālaihonua i ka Diary of Merer, e hoʻomālamalama hou ana i nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā kahiko o ʻAigupita ʻEhā. ʻO kēia papyrus 4,500 makahiki, ka mea kahiko loa ma ka honua, hāʻawi i ka ʻike kikoʻī i ka lawe ʻana i nā pōhaku lime nui a me nā poloka granite, e hōʻike ana i ka hana ʻenehana kupaianaha ma hope o nā Pyramids Nui o Giza.
He ʻike i ka Diary a Merer
Ua kākau ʻo Merer, he luna waena i kapa ʻia he inspector (sHD), i kahi ʻano o nā puke papyrus i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo "The Diary of Merer" a i ʻole "Papyrus Jarf." Mai ka makahiki 27 o ko Parao Khufu noho aliʻi ʻana, ua kākau ʻia kēia mau puke moʻolelo ma nā hieratic hieroglyphs a ʻo ia ka papa inoa o nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā a Merer a me kāna poʻe holo moku. ʻO nā ʻāpana i mālama maikaʻi ʻia, i kapa ʻia ʻo Papyrus Jarf A a me B, e hāʻawi i nā palapala no ka lawe ʻana i nā poloka limestone keʻokeʻo mai nā ʻāpana ʻo Tura i Giza ma o ka moku.
ʻO ka ʻike hou ʻana o nā kikokikona
I ka makahiki 2013, ua wehe nā kānaka kālaihonua Palani ʻo Pierre Tallet lāua ʻo Gregory Marouard, e alakaʻi ana i kahi misionari ma Wadi al-Jarf ma kahakai o ke Kaiʻula, i ka papyri i kanu ʻia i mua o nā ana i hana ʻia e ke kanaka e mālama ai i nā moku. Ua mahalo ʻia kēia ʻike ma ke ʻano he mea nui loa i ʻike ʻia ma ʻAigupita i ka makahiki 21st. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Tallet lāua ʻo Mark Lehner ʻo ia ʻo "Red Sea scrolls," i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā lākou me nā "Dead Sea Scrolls," e hoʻoikaika i kona ʻano. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka papyri ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ʻAigupita ma Kairo.
Nā ʻenehana kūkulu hale i hōʻike ʻia
ʻO ka Merer's Diary, a me nā mea ʻeli kālaiʻāina ʻē aʻe, ua hāʻawi i nā ʻike hou i nā ʻano hana i hana ʻia e ko ʻAigupita kahiko:
- ʻO nā awa kuʻuna: ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā awa he manawa koʻikoʻi ia i ka mōʻaukala o ʻAigupita, e wehe ana i nā manawa kālepa waiwai a hoʻokumu i nā pilina me nā ʻāina mamao.
- ʻO ka halihali muliwai: Hōʻike ka puke moʻolelo a Merer i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waʻa lāʻau, i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia me nā papa a me nā kaula, hiki ke lawe i nā pōhaku a hiki i ka 15 tonnes. Ua hoe ʻia kēia mau waʻa ma lalo o ke kahawai ʻo Nile, e lawe ana i nā pōhaku mai Tura a Giza. Ma kahi o kēlā me kēia ʻumi lā, ʻelua a ʻekolu mau huakaʻi kaʻapuni i hana ʻia, e hoʻouna ana paha i 30 mau poloka o 2-3 mau tone i kēlā me kēia, ʻo ia ka nui o 200 mau poloka i kēlā me kēia mahina.
- ʻO nā hana wai akamai: ʻO kēlā me kēia kauwela, ua ʻae nā kahawai ʻo Nile i ka poʻe ʻAigupita e hoʻohuli i ka wai ma o kahi ʻōnaehana i hana ʻia e ke kanaka, e hana ana i kahi awa uka kokoke loa i ke kahua kūkulu pyramid. Ua maʻalahi kēia ʻōnaehana i ka hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi o nā waʻa, e hiki ai i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea waiwai.
- ʻO ka hui waʻa koʻikoʻi: Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi 3D o nā papa moku a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā kiʻi kiʻi kupapaʻu a me nā moku i hoʻopau ʻia kahiko, ua kūkulu hou ʻo Mohamed Abd El-Maguid i kahi moku ʻAigupita. Humu ʻia me nā kaula ma kahi o nā kui a i ʻole nā mākia lāʻau, ua lilo kēia waʻa kahiko i mea hōʻike i ka hana kupanaha o ka wā.
- ʻO ka inoa maoli o ka Pyramid Nui: Ua haʻi pū ka diary i ka inoa kumu o ka Pyramid Nui: Akhet-Khufu, ʻo ia hoʻi "Horizon of Khufu".
- Ma waho aʻe o Merer, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kekahi mau kānaka ʻē aʻe i nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka mea nui loa ʻo Ankhhaf (ka hapalua o Pharaoh Khufu), i ʻike ʻia mai nā kumu ʻē aʻe, i manaʻo ʻia he aliʻi a he vizier ma lalo o Khufu a/a ʻo Khafre. Ma ka papyri ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kanaka hanohano (Iry-pat) a he luna hoʻomalu o Ra-shi-Khufu, (malia paha) ke awa ma Giza.
Nā hopena a me ka hoʻoilina
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o Merer's Diary a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia i nā hōʻike o kahi noho nui e kākoʻo ana i ka 20,000 mau limahana i komo i ka papahana. Hōʻike nā hōʻike archeological i kahi hui i waiwai a mālama i kāna poʻe hana, e hāʻawi ana i ka meaʻai, ka hale, a me ka hanohano no ka poʻe e hana ana i ka hana pyramid. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike kēia hana ʻenekinia i ka hiki i ko ʻAigupita ke hoʻokumu i nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka pyramid ponoʻī. Na kēia mau ʻōnaehana e hoʻohālikelike i ka civilization no nā millennia e hiki mai ana.
hope mau manao
Hāʻawi ʻo Merer's Diary i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i nā poloka pōhaku no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā Pyramids ʻo Giza ma o nā kahawai wai a me nā waʻa. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe a pau i ka ʻike i loaʻa mai ka diary a Merer. Wahi a kekahi poʻe noiʻi kūʻokoʻa, waiho ia i nā nīnau i pane ʻole ʻia inā hiki i kēia mau moku ke hoʻololi i nā pōhaku nui loa i hoʻohana ʻia, e kānalua ana i kā lākou hana. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki i ka diary ke kikoʻī i ke ʻano kikoʻī i hoʻohana ʻia e nā limahana kahiko e hōʻuluʻulu a hoʻohui pū i kēia mau pōhaku nui, waiho ʻia nā mīkini ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kēia mau hale monumental i uhi ʻia i ka pohihihi.
Hiki paha iā Merer, ka luna kahiko o ʻAigupita i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o nā puke a me nā puke moʻolelo, hūnā a hoʻopunipuni paha i ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana maoli o nā Pyramids ʻo Giza? Ma ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻopunipuni pinepine ʻia nā kikokikona a me nā palapala kahiko e nā mea kākau ma lalo o ka mana o nā mana a me nā mōʻī. Ma kēlā ʻaoʻao, ua hoʻāʻo nā lāhui he nui e hūnā i kā lākou hana kūkulu hale a me nā ʻenehana hoʻolālā mai nā aupuni hoʻokūkū. No laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha inā ʻo Merer a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i komo i ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo e hoʻokae i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a i ʻole e hūnā i kekahi mau mea e mālama ai i ka pono hoʻokūkū.
Ma waena o ke ola a me ka ʻole o ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe loa a i ʻole nā kānaka pilikua kahiko, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana o Merer's Diary he mea kupaianaha maoli nō i ka wehe ʻana i nā mea huna o ʻAigupita kahiko a me nā manaʻo enigmatic o kona poʻe kamaʻāina.
