No nā makahiki he nui, ʻo ka Venus o Willendorf kiʻi i hoʻopōmaikaʻi i nā ʻepekema. ʻO kēia kiʻi kiʻi i hana ʻia ma kahi o 30,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kahiko loa o ke kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ke kanaka a ua pili ʻia i ka wā Paleolithic Upper, i hana ʻia e ka poʻe hunter-gatherers nomadic.
I ka makahiki 1908, i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana ma kahi kokoke i ke kauhale o Willendorf ma Lower Austria, ua loaʻa ka kiʻi 11.1-centimeter-kiʻekiʻe (4.4 in) i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Venus of Willendorf'. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana o nā wahine momona a i ʻole wahine hāpai, aia i loko o nā puke mōʻaukala noʻeau, no ka manawa lōʻihi i unuhi ʻia he mau hōʻailona o ka momona a i ʻole ka nani.
Ma ke Kulanui o Colorado School of Medicine, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Richard Johnson, MD ma 2020 ua loaʻa iā ia ka nui o ka ʻikepili e kōkua ai i ka wehe ʻana i ka enigma a puni ka Venus o Willendorf figurine. Wahi a Johnson, aia ke kī i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kānāwai i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau a me ka ʻai.
"ʻO kekahi o nā kiʻi mua loa o ka honua, ʻo ia kēia mau kiʻi pohihihi o nā wahine momona mai ka manawa o ka poʻe hahai holoholona ma Ice Age Europe kahi āu e manaʻo ʻole ai e ʻike i ka momona," wahi a Johnson. "Ke hōʻike nei mākou e pili ana kēia mau kiʻi i nā manawa o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi."
He hui noiʻi, i alakaʻi ʻia e anthropologist Gerhard Weber mai ke Kulanui o Vienna, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi e ʻike ai i nā mea mai ka Walpurga Antl-Weiser prehistorian mai ka Natural History Museum Vienna. ʻO ka mea i kālai ʻia ʻo Venus mai ka ʻĀkau ʻo Italia mai. Hōʻike kēia ʻike kupaianaha i ka neʻe ʻana o nā kānaka o kēia wā ma waena o nā ʻāpana ʻākau a me ka hema o nā Alps.
ʻO ka Venus figurine, he 30,000 mau makahiki, ua hana ʻia mai ka oolite, kahi ʻano pōhaku i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma kahi o Willendorf. He kū hoʻokahi wale nō ka Venus von Willendorf ma ke ʻano o kona hoʻolālā ʻana akā i nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hana ai. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kiʻi Venus ʻē aʻe mai ka niho ʻelepani, iwi, a i ʻole nā pōhaku like ʻole, akā ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Lower Austrian Venus mai ka oolite, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i waena o nā mea hoʻomana.
I ka makahiki 1908, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻi kiʻi ma Wachau a ke hōʻike ʻia nei i ka Natural History Museum o Vienna. Eia naʻe, a hiki i kēia manawa, ua aʻo wale ʻia mai waho. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Anthropologist ʻo Gerhard Weber mai ke Kulanui o Vienna i kahi ala hou e nānā ai i kona loko: micro-computed tomography. Loaʻa i nā scans ka hoʻonā a hiki i ka 11.5 micrometers, ka mea maʻamau e ʻike wale ʻia ma o ka microscope. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻo ia "ʻaʻole nānā like ʻo Venus i loko. He waiwai kūikawā i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoholo i kona kumu," wahi a ka anthropologist.
Ua hui pū ʻia ʻo Alexander Lukeneder lāua ʻo Mathias Harzhauser mai ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Moʻolelo Kūlohelohe ma Vienna, ka mea i hana mua me nā oolites, e kahi hui e nānā a hoʻohālikelike i nā laʻana mai Austria a me ʻEulopa. He hana paʻakikī, ua loaʻa i ka hui nā hōʻailona pōhaku mai Farani a hiki i Ukraine hikina, mai Kelemānia a Sicily, ʻokiʻoki iā lākou, a nānā iā lākou ma lalo o kahi microscope. Ua hana ʻia nā loiloi ma muli o ke kālā i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mokuʻāina o Lower Austria.
Hāʻawi ka loko i ka ʻike e pili ana i waho
Hōʻike ka ʻikepili Tomographic mai Venus i ka ʻokoʻa o ka waiho ʻana o ka sediment i loko o nā pōhaku ma ke ʻano o ka nui a me ka nui. Me kēia mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā pūpū a me ʻeono mau ʻano nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻiʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo 'limonites' i loaʻa pū kekahi. ʻO kēia ka wehewehe ʻana i nā lua hemispherical o ka nui like ma ka ʻili o Venus: "Ua haki paha nā limonites paʻakikī i ka wā i kālai ai ka mea nāna i hana i ka Venus," wahi a Weber. "Ma ka hihia o ka piko Venus, ua hana ʻo ia i mea pono no ka pono."
ʻO kekahi ʻike hou: He porous ka Venus oolite no ka mea ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā kiko o nā miliona o nā globules (ooides) i loko o ia mea. ʻO kēia ka mea i makemake ʻia no ka mea kālai 30,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi pūpū liʻiliʻi, he 2.5 millimeters wale nō ka lōʻihi, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā Jurassic. Ua kāpae ʻia kēia i ka hiki ʻana o ka pōhaku i ʻāpana o ka Miocene geological era ma ke kahawai ʻo Vienna.
Ua nānā pono nā mea noiʻi i ka nui o ka palaoa o nā laʻana ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻohana lākou i nā polokalamu hoʻoponopono kiʻi a helu lima a ana ʻia nā tausani o nā kīʻaha pākahi. ʻAʻohe o nā laʻana i loko o kahi radius 200-kilomita o Willendorf i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana ua like nā laʻana mai Venus me nā mea mai ka ʻĀkau ʻo Italia ma kahi kokoke i Lake Garda. He mea kupaianaha kēia, e hōʻike ana ua hoʻomaka ka Venus (a i ʻole kāna mau mea) i kāna huakaʻi mai ka hema o nā Alps a i ka Danube ma ka ʻākau o nā Alps.
"ʻO ka poʻe i ka Gravettian - ka moʻomeheu mea hana o ka manawa - ʻimi a noho i nā wahi maikaʻi. I ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke anā a i ʻole ke kūlana pio, neʻe lākou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā muliwai, "wahi a Gerhard Weber. He mau hanauna paha ia huakaʻi.
I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻohālike ka poʻe noiʻi i kekahi o nā ala ala ʻelua mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau, e hele ana i ke ala a puni nā Alps a i ka Pannonian Plain. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia ma o nā Alps, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo inā hiki kēia ma mua o 30,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma muli o ka pōʻino o ke aniau i kēlā manawa. ʻAʻole paʻa paha kēia ʻano ʻē aʻe inā he mau glaciers mau i kēlā manawa. Koe wale no 35 km ma Lake Reschen, ʻo ka huakaʻi 730 km lōʻihi ma ka Etsch, Inn, a me ka Danube ma lalo o 1000 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
Hiki, akā liʻiliʻi paha, pili i ka hikina o Ukraine
Hōʻike ka ʻikepili i ka ʻākau o Italia ke kumu o ka pōhaku oolite Venus. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe ma ka hikina o Ukraine, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1,600 mau kilomita mai Willendorf. ʻAʻole kūlike nā laʻana e like me nā mea mai Italia mai, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea hou aku, aia nā kiʻi Venus ma ka hema o Rūsia ma kahi kokoke, he ʻōpio liʻiliʻi akā ua like like me ka Venus i loaʻa ma Austria. Hoʻohui hou, hōʻike nā hopena genetic ua pili ka poʻe ma Central a me ʻEulopa Hikina i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia ka moʻolelo hoihoi o Lower Austrian Venus. I kēia manawa, he liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā noiʻi ʻepekema i nānā i ke ola o nā kānaka prehistoric ma ka ʻāina Alpine a me ko lākou neʻe ʻana. ʻO ka "Ötzi" kaulana no ka laʻana, mai ka 5,300 makahiki aku nei. Me ke kōkua o nā hualoaʻa Venus a me ka hou Vienna-ma muli noiʻi pūnaewele Human Evolution a me Archaeological Sciences, ma ka laulima me ka anthropology, archaeology, a me na aʻo 'ē aʻe, Weber manaʻo e hoʻomālamalama hou aku i ka mōʻaukala mua o ka Alpine wahi.
Ua paʻi mua ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ma ka puke pai Hōʻike Pūnaewele ma ka lāʻo Pepeluali 28, 2022.
Ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana e pili ana i ka Venus Of Willendorf, heluhelu e pili ana Hiki paha i nā kiʻi pohihihi Vinča 5,000 mau makahiki ke hōʻike i ka mana extraterrestrial?
