Wahi a kekahi mau moʻolelo kahiko, aia kekahi manawa ma ʻAigupita kahiko, ma mua o ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ka ʻāina o Paraʻo e nā kānaka make kanaka kahi o nā lani i noho aliʻi ai ma luna o ka ʻāina. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau mea pohihihi he 'Akua' a i ʻole 'Nā Temepela' i noho a noho aliʻi ma luna o ʻAigupita kahiko no nā makahiki he mau kaukani.
Ka mea pohihihi o ka Turin King List
ʻO ka papa inoa ʻo King Turin kahi canon scriptural mai ka wā Ramesside. ʻO ka "canon" kahi hōʻiliʻili a i ʻole papa inoa o nā palapala hemolele a i ʻole nā kānāwai ākea. Mai ka huaʻōlelo Greek mai ka huaʻōlelo Helene e manaʻo nei "rula" a i ʻole "lāʻau ana".
ʻO nā papa inoa mōʻī a pau i kapa ʻia ʻo ʻAigupita kahiko, ʻo ka Turin King List paha ka mea nui loa. ʻOiai ua hoʻomau ʻia ka nui o nā pohō, hāʻawi ia i ka ʻike kūpono loa no nā Egyptologists a aia pū kekahi me ka laina o Manetho i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ʻAigupita kahiko.
Ka loaʻa o ka Turin King List
Kākau ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana kākau kolohe Aigupita kahiko i kapa ʻia hieratic, ua kūʻai ʻia ka Turin Royal Canon Papyrus ma Thebes e ka diplomā Italia a me ka mea ʻimiʻimi ʻo Bernardino Drovetti i 1822, i kāna huakaʻi ʻana i Luxor.
ʻOiai i ka manawa ma mua ua paʻa pono a waiho ʻia i loko o ka pahu me nā papyri ʻē aʻe, ua haki ka pepa i nā ʻāpana he nui i ka manawa i hōʻea ai i Italia, a pono e kūkulu hou ʻia a deciphered me ka pilikia nui.
Ua ʻākoakoa mua ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana he 48 o ka puzzle e French Egyptologist ʻo Jean-Francois Champollion (1790-1832). Ma hope mai, ua ʻāpana ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana haneli ʻē aʻe e Kelemania a me ʻAmelike hulikoehana Gustavus Seyffarth (1796-1885). Ke ʻimi nei a me ka ʻākoakoa ʻana i nā mea mōʻaukala i nā ʻāpana i nalo o ka Turin King List.
ʻO Giulio Farina, kahi alakaʻi o ka hale hōʻikeʻike, kekahi o nā hana hoʻoliʻiliʻi koʻikoʻi i hana ʻia ma 1938. Akā i ka 1959, ua hāʻawi ʻo Gardiner, ka Britishologistologist Pelekane, i kahi hoʻonohonoho hou o nā ʻāpana, me nā ʻāpana hou i loaʻa hou i ka makahiki 2009.
I kēia manawa i hana ʻia i nā ʻāpana 160, nele ka List of King Turin i ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: ka hoʻolauna o ka papa inoa a me ka hopena. Manaʻo ʻia hiki ke loaʻa ka inoa o kā kā Turin King kākau kākau ʻōlelo i ka ʻāpana hoʻolauna.
He aha nā papa inoa o nā mōʻī?
He papa inoa o nā mōʻī aliʻi o ʻAigupita kahiko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ko ʻAigupita kahiko i kekahi ʻano o ke ʻano. Ua kauoha pinepine ʻia kēia mau papa inoa e nā pharaohs i mea e hōʻike ai i ka piha ʻana o ko lākou koko aliʻi ma o ka papa inoa ʻana i nā pharaoh a pau i loko o kahi moʻokūʻauhau (kahi moʻokūʻauhau).
ʻOiai ma ke ʻano he ala kōkua nui paha kēia o ka huli ʻana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pharaohs ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole pololei loa ia no ka mea ua kaulana ko ʻAigupita kahiko no ka waiho ʻana i ka ʻike a lākou e makemake ʻole ai, a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike a lākou i manaʻo ai ua maikaʻi lākou. .
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole kēia mau papa inoa e hāʻawi i ka ʻike mōʻaukala e like me ke ʻano o ka "hoʻomana kūpuna". Inā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo, ʻike mākou i ko ʻAigupita kahiko i manaʻoʻiʻo i ka pharaoh kahi reincarnation o Horus ma ka honua a e ʻike ʻia me Osiris ma hope o ka make.
ʻO ke ala a ka poʻe Egyptologists i hoʻohana ai i nā papa inoa ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā lākou kekahi i kekahi a me ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe a laila kūkulu hou i ka moʻolelo moʻolelo kūpono loa. ʻO nā papa inoa King ʻike mākou i kēia manawa:
- Ka papa inoa aliʻi o Thutmosis III mai Karnak
- Papa Inoa Aliʻi o Sety I ma Abydos
- Ka Pohaku Palermo
- ʻO Abydos King List o Ramses II
- ʻO Saqqara Tablet mai ka hale kupapaʻu o Tenroy
- ʻO Turin Royal Canon (ʻO ka inoa inoa Turin King)
- Nā palapala ma nā pōhaku ma Wadi Hammamat
No ke aha he mea kūikawā ka Turin King List (Turin Royal Canon) ma Egyptology?
ʻO nā papa inoa ʻē aʻe āpau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā wahi paʻakikī i manaʻo ʻia e mau nā ola he nui, e like me nā hale kupapaʻu a i ʻole nā paia o ka luakini a i ʻole ma nā pōhaku. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka papa inoa aliʻi hoʻokahi: ʻo ka Turin King List, i kapa ʻia ʻo Turin Royal Canon, i kākau ʻia ma ka papyri i ka palapala hieratic. Ma kahi o 1.7 mau mika ka lōʻihi.
ʻAʻole like me nā papa inoa o nā mōʻī ʻē aʻe, helu ka Turin King List i nā aliʻi āpau, e like me nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he usurpers. Eia kekahi, hoʻopaʻa i ka lōʻihi o ka noho aliʻi ʻana.
Ua kākau ʻia kēia papa inoa mōʻī i ke au o Ramesses II, ka pharaoh aliʻi nui 19. ʻO ia ka papa inoa ʻike a pololei loa a hoʻi i ke ala āpau i King Menes. ʻAʻole wale ia e papa inoa ai i nā inoa o nā mōʻī, e like me ka nui o nā papa inoa ʻē aʻe, akā hāʻawi ia i nā ʻike kūpono ʻē aʻe e like me:
- ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka noho aliʻi ʻana o kēlā me kēia mōʻī i nā makahiki, i kekahi mau manawa i loko o nā mahina a me nā lā.
- Kākau ʻia nā inoa o nā mōʻī i kāpae ʻia mai nā papa inoa aliʻi ʻē aʻe.
- Hoʻohui pū kekahi i nā mōʻī ma ka wahi ma kahi o ka papa manawa
- Ua helu ʻia nā inoa o nā luna Hyksos o ʻAigupita
- E hoʻi hou i kahi manawa ʻano ʻē i ka wā i noho aliʻi ai nā akua a me nā mōʻī kaʻao iā ʻAigupita.
Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ʻo ka helu hope loa kahi ʻaoʻao hoʻonāukiuki i hoʻonā ʻole ʻia i ka moʻolelo o ʻAigupita. ʻO ka mea hoʻonāukiuki a me ka mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa hoʻi o ka Turin Royal Canon e haʻi ana i nā akua, nā Demigods a me nā ʻUhane o ka poʻe make i noho aliʻi ma ke kino no nā makahiki he mau kaukani.
ʻO ka papa inoa o ka mōʻī Turin: nā akua, nā Temepela a me nā ʻUhane o ka poʻe make i noho aliʻi no nā makahiki he mau kaukani
Wahi a Manetho, ke "mōʻī kanaka" mua o ʻAigupita, ʻo Mena a Menes paha, i ka 4,400 BC (ma ke ʻano maʻamau ua neʻe nā "moderns" i kēlā lā no nā lā hou aku). Ua hoʻokumu kēia mōʻī iā Memphis, ua huli aʻe i ke kahawai o ka Nile, a kūkulu i laila i kahi lawelawe luakini ma laila.
Ma mua o kēia manawa, ua noho aliʻi ʻia ʻo ʻAigupita e nā akua a me nā Demigods, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e RA Schwaller de Lubicz, i loko o "ʻepekema Hemolele: Ke Aliʻi o Theoniconic Theocracy" kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ma lalo:
… ʻO ka Turin Papyrus, i ka papa inoa e hōʻike nei i ka noho aliʻi ʻana o nā akua, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā lālani hope ʻelua o ke kolamu. “Venerables Shemsu-Hor, 13,420 mau makahiki; Noho aupuni ma mua o ka Shemsu-Hor, 23,200 mau makahiki; Huina 36,620 mau makahiki. "
ʻIke nō, ʻo kēia mau laina ʻelua o ke kolamu, kahi e hōʻike nei i ka hoʻomau hou ʻana o ka palapala āpau e hoihoi loa a hoʻomanaʻo iā mākou ka papa inoa Sumerian King.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā ʻepekema hou o kēia manawa ke ʻae i ke ola kino o nā akua a me nā Demigods ma ke ʻano he mōʻī, a no laila hoʻokuʻu i kēlā mau manawa. Eia nō naʻe, kēia mau manawa - "papa inoa lōʻihi o nā mōʻī" - i haʻi ʻia (hapa) ʻia i kekahi mau kumuwaiwai hilinaʻi ʻia mai ka Mōʻaukala, e komo pū ana me nā papa inoa Egypt.
ʻO ka mōʻī pilikino Egypt i hōʻike ʻia e Manetho
Inā mākou e ʻae iā Manetho, ke kahuna nui o nā luakini hōʻino ʻia o ʻAigupita, e ʻōlelo nona iho, ʻaʻohe a mākou koho ʻē aʻe e huli i nā ʻōlelo i mālama ʻia nā ʻāpana o kāna hana. ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui loa o kēia ka mana Armenian o ka Chronica o Eusebius. Hoʻomaka ia ma ka haʻi ʻana iā mākou ua unuhi ʻia "mai ka Mōʻaukala o Egypt o Manetho, nāna i haku kāna moʻokāki i nā puke ʻekolu. ʻO kēia mau mea e pili ana i nā akua, nā Demigod, nā ʻUhane o ka poʻe make a me nā mōʻī make nāna i noho aliʻi ma ʻAigupita.
ʻO ke kuhikuhi pololei ʻana iā Manetho, hoʻomaka ʻo Eusebius ma o ka hemo ʻana i kahi papa inoa o nā akua e pili pū ana me ka Ennead o Heliopolis - Ra, Osiris, Isis, Horus, Set, a pēlā aku. ʻO kēia ka poʻe mua i hoʻokau i ko ʻAigupita.
"Ma hope iho, ua lilo ke aupuni mōʻī mai kekahi a i kekahi ma ke kūmau hope ʻole ... ma o 13,900 mau makahiki ... Ma hope o nā akua, noho aliʻi nā Demigods no 1255 mau makahiki; a noho aliʻi hou kekahi lālani aliʻi no 1817 mau makahiki; a laila hele mai he kanakolu mau aliʻi hou, e noho aliʻi ana i nā makahiki 1790; a laila he ʻumi mau aliʻi e noho aliʻi ana no 350 mau makahiki. Ma hope o ke kānāwai o nā ʻUhane o ka poʻe make ... no 5813 mau makahiki… ”
Hoʻohui ka huina o kēia mau manawa i 24,925 mau makahiki. Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ʻo Manetho i ka nui o 36,525 mau makahiki no ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ka noho ʻana o ʻAigupita mai ka manawa o nā akua a hiki i ka hopena o ka 30th (a me ka hope) aliʻi o nā mōʻī make.
He aha ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka mea kākau moʻolelo Helene Diodorus Siculus e pili ana i ka wā pohihihi o ʻAigupita?
ʻIke ka wehewehe a Manetho i ke kākoʻo ma waena o nā mea kākau moʻolelo lehulehu. I ke kenekulia mua BC, ua kipa aku ka mea kākau moʻolelo Helene ʻo Diodorus Siculus iā ʻAigupita. Ua wehewehe pono ʻia ʻo ia e CH Oldfather, kāna mea unuhi hou loa, ma ke ʻano he mea kākau hewa ʻole i hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai maikaʻi a hoʻopuka pono iā lākou.
I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, he aha ke ʻano o kēia ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻo Diodorus e hoʻokau i kāna mau hana kolohe a me nā manaʻo mua i nā mea āna i hōʻiliʻili ai. No laila, waiwai nui ʻo ia iā mākou no ka mea ʻo kāna mau mea hoʻopuka i komo i nā kāhuna Egypt āna i nīnau ai e pili ana i ka wā pohihihi o ko lākou ʻāina. ʻO kēia ka mea i haʻi ʻia iā Diodorus:
"I ka manawa mua ua hoʻomalu nā akua a me nā koa iā ʻAigupita no ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 18,000 mau makahiki, ʻo ka hope o nā akua e noho aliʻi ʻo Horus, ke keiki a Isis ... He mau mōʻī ko Mortals no ko lākou ʻāina, ʻōlelo lākou, no ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 5000 mau makahiki. ”
He aha ka mea i loaʻa iā Herodotus e pili ana i ka wā pohihihi o ʻAigupita?
Ma mua o Diodorus, ua kipa ʻia ʻo ʻAigupita e kekahi mea kākau moʻolelo Helene hou a kaulana hoʻi: ʻo Herodotus nui, ka mea i ola i ka makahiki ʻelima BC. ʻO ia pū kekahi, me he mea lā, ua hui pū me nā kāhuna a ua hoʻokele pū kekahi ʻo ia i nā kuʻuna i kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka noho ʻana o kahi lāhui kiʻekiʻe loa i ke awāwa ʻo Nile i kekahi mau lā i hōʻike ʻole ʻia i ka wā kahiko.
Hōʻike ʻo Herodotus i kēia mau kuʻuna o kahi wā prehistoric nui o ka noho ʻana o ʻAigupita i ka puke II o kāna mōʻaukala. I loko o ka palapala hoʻokahi ua hāʻawi mai ʻo ia iā mākou, me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo, kahi nugget ʻano ʻikepili i hoʻomaka ʻia me nā kāhuna o Heliopolis.
"I loko o kēia manawa, ua ʻōlelo lākou, he mau manawa ʻehā i ka puka ʻana a ka lā mai kona wahi maʻamau - ʻelua manawa e piʻi ana ma kahi āna e napoʻo ai, a ʻelua hoʻi manawa ana e ala ai i kēia manawa."
Zep Tepi - ka 'Manawa' ma ʻAigupita kahiko
Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻAigupita kahiko e pili ana i ka manawa mua, Zep Tepi, i ka wā i noho aliʻi ai nā akua i ko lākou ʻāina: ua ʻōlelo lākou he wā gula ia e emi ai ka wai o ka hohonu, ua kipaku ʻia ka pouli primordial, a me nā kānaka e puka ana i ka malamalama. ua hāʻawi ʻia nā makana o ka lāhui.
Ua kamaʻilio pū lākou i nā mea kūkākūkā ma waena o nā akua a me nā kāne - ka Urshu, kahi mahele o nā akua liʻiliʻi e pili ana ka inoa ʻo "Watchers". A mālama lākou i nā hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo ponoʻī o nā akua iā lākou iho, nā mea puissant a nani i kapa ʻia ʻo Neteru i noho ma ka honua me nā kānaka a hoʻohana i ko lākou noho aliʻi mai Heliopolis a me nā wahi hoʻomalu ʻē aʻe a ma lalo o ka Nile.
He kāne kekahi o kēia mau Neteru a he mau wahine kekahi akā loaʻa iā lākou āpau nā mana supernatural i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hiki ke kū mai, i ka makemake, ma ke ʻano he kāne a wahine paha, a he holoholona, manu, mea kolo, lāʻau a mea kanu paha. ʻO ka Paradoxically, ko lākou mau ʻōlelo a me kā lākou mau hana me he mea lā e hōʻike ana i nā kuko kanaka a me ka pīhoihoi. Pēlā nō, ʻoiai ua hōʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka ʻoi o ke akamai ma mua o nā kānaka, manaʻo ʻia hiki iā lākou ke maʻi - a make paha, a make paha - ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.
He aha kā mākou e aʻo ai e pili ana i ka 'Manawa Mua' inā paʻa paʻa ka Turin Canon Papyrus?
Hoʻowalewale nā ʻāpana ola. I hoʻokahi papa inoa, no ka laʻana, heluhelu mākou i nā inoa o nā Neteru he ʻumi me kēlā me kēia inoa i kākau ʻia i loko o kahi cartouche (oblong enclosure) e like me ke kaila like i lawe ʻia i nā wā ma hope no nā mōʻī mōʻaukala o ʻAigupita. ʻO ka helu o nā makahiki a kēlā me kēia Neter i manaʻoʻiʻo ai ua noho aliʻi ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana, akā hāʻawi ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau helu mai ka palapala i hōʻino ʻia.
Ma kahi kolamu ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia kahi papa inoa o nā mōʻī make i noho aliʻi ma luna a ma lalo ʻo ʻAigupita ma hope o nā akua akā ma mua o ka manaʻo e hoʻohui ʻia ke aupuni ma lalo o Menes, ka pharaoh mua o ka First Dynasty, ma 3100 BC.
Mai nā ʻāpana i koe e hiki ai ke hoʻokumu i ʻeiwa mau 'dynasties' o kēia mau pharaoh pre-dynastic i ʻōlelo ʻia, ma waena o ia mau 'the Venerables of Memphis', 'the Venerables of the North' a, ʻo ka mea hope loa, ʻo Shemsu Hor (nā Hoa. , a i ʻole Followers, o Horus) i noho aliʻi a hiki i ka manawa o Menes.
ʻO ka papa inoa aliʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā manawa prehistoric a me nā mōʻī kaʻao o ʻAigupita ʻo ia ka Pohaku Palermo. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia e lawe iā mākou i ka wā i hala e like me ka Turin Canon Papyrus, hāʻawi ia i nā kikoʻī e hōʻike nui i kā mākou mōʻaukala maʻamau i ka nīnau.
Nā'ōlelo hope
E like me ka maʻa mau, waiho nui nā papa inoa mōʻī i ka paio, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ka papa inoa ʻo Turin King. Eia nō naʻe, a hiki i kēia manawa ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻikepili maikaʻi e pili ana i nā pharaoh o ʻAigupita kahiko a me ko lākou noho aliʻi ʻana.
Makemake i kahi ʻike hohonu e pili ana i ka Turin King List? E hōʻoia i kēia palapala iwaho.
