ʻO ka Jade Discs - nā mea kahiko o ke kumu pohihihi

ʻO ka mea pohihihi e hoʻopuni ana i ka Jade Discs ua alakaʻi i ka nui o nā archaeologists a me nā theorists e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano manaʻo hoihoi.

Kaulana ʻia ka moʻomeheu Liangzhu no kāna mau kanu kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka waiho ʻana i ko lākou poʻe make i loko o nā pahu lāʻau ma luna o ka lepo. Ma waho aʻe o nā kanu kupapaʻu lāʻau kaulana, ʻo ka Jade Discs kahi mea kupanaha i ʻike ʻia mai kēia moʻomeheu kahiko.

ʻO Bi me nā ʻīlio hihiu ʻelua a me ke ʻano huapalaoa, nā mokuʻāina kaua, e ka mauna ma Shanghai Meseum
ʻO Jade Bi disk me nā ʻīlio hihiu ʻelua a me ke ʻano huapalaoa, nā mokuʻāina kaua, na Mountain at Shanghai Meseum © Wikimedia maoli

Ua loaʻa kēia mau diski ma nā hale kupapaʻu he iwakālua a ua manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike ana i ka lā a me ka mahina i ko lākou pōʻaiapuni lani a me nā kahu o lalo. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea pohihihi e hoʻopuni ana i kēia mau Jade Discs ua alakaʻi i ka nui o nā archaeologists a me nā theorists e noʻonoʻo i nā manaʻo hoihoi like ʻole; a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu maoli o kēia mau diski malihini.

ʻO ka moʻomeheu Liangzhu a me ka Jade Discs

Hoʻohālike o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Liangzhu, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Liangzhu.
Hoʻohālike o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Liangzhu, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Liangzhu. © Wikimedia maoli

Ua ulu ka moʻomeheu Liangzhu ma ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze Delta ma Kina ma waena o 3400 a me 2250 BC. Wahi a nā ʻike ʻana o nā ʻeli ʻana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomoe ʻia nā lālā o ka papa kiʻekiʻe o ka moʻomeheu me nā mea i hana ʻia me ka siliki, lacquer, ʻelepani a me ka jade—he mineral ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻohana ʻia i mea nani a i ʻole no nā mea hoʻonaninani. Hōʻike kēia i ka māhele ʻokoʻa o ka papa i kēia manawa.

ʻO ka Chinese bi Discs, ka mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia he Chinese bi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea pohihihi a hoihoi loa o nā mea āpau i hana ʻia ma Kina kahiko. Ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana pōhaku nui i nā kino o nā aliʻi Kina e hoʻomaka ana ma kahi o 5,000 mau makahiki aku nei.

ʻO Jade bi mai ka moʻomeheu Liangzhu. ʻO ka mea hoʻomana he hōʻailona ia o ka waiwai a me ka mana koa.
ʻO Jade bi mai ka moʻomeheu Liangzhu. ʻO ka mea hoʻomana he hōʻailona ia o ka waiwai a me ka mana koa. © Wikimedia maoli

ʻO nā mea ma hope o nā disc bi, i hana ʻia me ka jade a me ke aniani, mai ka Shang (1600-1046 BC), Zhou (1046-256 BC), a me nā wā Han (202 BC–220 AD). ʻOiai ua hana ʻia lākou mai ka jade, he pōhaku ʻoʻoleʻa loa, ʻo kā lākou kumu kumu a me ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana he mea pohihihi i ka poʻe ʻepekema.

He aha nā disc bi?

ʻO Jade, he pōhaku makamae i haku ʻia me nā mineral silicate, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ipu, nā mea nani, a me nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa ia ma nā ʻano ʻano mua ʻelua, ka nephrite a me ka jadeite, a ʻaʻohe waihoʻoluʻu maʻamau ke ʻole i hoʻohaumia ʻia me kekahi mea ʻē aʻe (e like me ka chromium), a ma ia manawa e lawe ʻia ai kahi hue ʻōmaʻomaʻo polū.

ʻO ka Jade Discs, i kapa ʻia ʻo bi discs, ua hana ʻia e ka poʻe Liangzhu o Kina i ka hopena o ka Neolithic Era. He poepoe lakou, na apo palahalaha i hanaia me ka nephrite. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā hale kupapaʻu koʻikoʻi a pau o ka moʻomeheu Hongshan (3800-2700 BC) a ola i loko o ka moʻomeheu Liangzhu (3000-2000 BC), e hōʻike ana he mea koʻikoʻi lākou i ko lākou kaiāulu.

He aha nā disc bi i hoʻohana ʻia no?

Ua ʻike ʻia mai ka hale kupapaʻu o King Chu ma Lion Mountain i ka Western Han Dynasty
ʻO Jade Bi Disk me ka Dragon Design i ʻeli ʻia mai ka hale kupapaʻu o King Chu ma Lion Mountain i ka Western Han Dynasty © Wikimedia maoli

Ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā pōhaku ma ke kupapaʻu o ka mea i make, kokoke i ka umauma a i ʻole ka ʻōpū, a ua hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona pili i ka lani. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Jade ma ka ʻōlelo Kina ʻo "YU," ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻemaʻe, waiwai, a me ka hanohano.

He mea kānalua ke kumu i koho ai ka poʻe Kina Neolithic kahiko iā Jade, no ka mea he mea paʻakikī ke hana me ka paʻakikī.

No ka mea ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā mea hana metala mai ia manawa, manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi ua hana ʻia lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kaʻina i kapa ʻia ʻo brazing a polishing, a he lōʻihi loa ka manawa e hoʻopau ai. No laila, ʻo ka nīnau maopopo e kū nei ma ʻaneʻi, no ke aha lākou e hele ai i kēlā ʻano hana?

ʻO kekahi o ka wehewehe ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mau diski pōhaku, ʻo ia ka nakinaki ʻana i ke akua a i ʻole nā ​​akua. Ua manaʻo kekahi poʻe e hōʻike ana lākou i ka lā, a ʻo kekahi poʻe i ʻike iā lākou he hōʻailona o ka huila, ʻo ia mau mea he cyclical ma ke ʻano, e like me ke ola a me ka make.

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka Jade Discs i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kaua, ua koi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao lanakila e hāʻawi i nā Jade Discs i ka mea lanakila ma ke ʻano he ʻano hoʻouna. ʻAʻole lākou he mea hoʻonani wale.

Manaʻo kekahi poʻe ʻo ka moʻolelo pohihihi o ka Nā Disca Pōhaku Dropa, he mau pohaku ano diski a i oleloia he 12,000 makahiki, ua pili i ka moolelo o ka Jade Discs. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua ʻike ʻia nā pōhaku Dropa i loko o ke ana ma nā mauna o Baian Kara-Ula, aia ma ka palena ma waena o Kina a me Tibet.

Ua pili maoli anei ka Jade Discs ma Liangzhu i ka Dropa Stone Discs ma kekahi ala?

I ka makahiki 1974, ua paʻi kiʻi ʻo Ernst Wegerer, he ʻenekinia Austrian, i ʻelua diski i kūpono i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka Dropa Stones. Aia ʻo ia ma kahi mākaʻikaʻi alakaʻi o Banpo-Museum ma Xian, i kona ʻike ʻana i nā disc pōhaku i hōʻike ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi puka i waenakonu o kēlā me kēia disiki a me nā hieroglyphs i loko o nā ʻāpana e like me ka spiral-like grooves.
I ka makahiki 1974, ua paʻi kiʻi ʻo Ernst Wegerer, he ʻenekinia Austrian, i ʻelua diski i kūpono i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka Dropa Stones. Aia ʻo ia ma kahi mākaʻikaʻi alakaʻi o Banpo-Museum ma Xian, i kona ʻike ʻana i nā disc pōhaku i hōʻike ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi puka i waenakonu o kēlā me kēia disiki a me nā hieroglyphs i loko o nā ʻāpana e like me ka spiral-like grooves.

Ua ʻānai poʻo nā kānaka kālaihonua i ko lākou mau poʻo ma luna o nā diski jade no nā makahiki, akā, no ka mea, ua hana ʻia lākou i ka wā i loaʻa ʻole ai nā moʻolelo i kākau ʻia, he mea pohihihi ko lākou koʻikoʻi iā mākou. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka nīnau no ke ʻano o ka Jade Discs a me ke kumu i hana ʻia ai. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke hōʻoia i kēia manawa inā pili nā Jade Discs i nā Dropa Stone Discs a i ʻole.


No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka poʻe Dropa pohihihi o ka Himalayas kiʻekiʻe a me kā lākou mau pōhaku enigmatic disc, heluhelu i kēia ʻatikala hoihoi. maanei.