Ua pepehi ʻia ʻo Elizabeth Short, a i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo "Black Dahlia" ma ka 15th o Ianuali 1947. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ʻo ia a uhaʻi ʻia ma ka pūhaka, me nā ʻāpana ʻelua i hoʻokahi kapuaʻi kaawale. Ua manaʻo ʻia he hoʻomaʻamaʻa lapaʻau ka mea pepehi kanaka ma muli o ke ʻano maʻemaʻe o ka ʻoki.
ʻO ke ola mua o Elizabeth
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Elizabeth Short ma ka lā 29 Iulai 1924, ma Hyde Park, Massachusetts. Ma hope iki o kona hānau ʻia ʻana, ua neʻe kona mau mākua i ka ʻohana i Medford, Massachusetts. ʻO Cleo Short, ko Elizabeth makua kāne, ke hana nei i kahi hoʻolālā ola a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā papa kolepa liʻiliʻi. I ka wā o ka Great Depression i kū ma 1929, ua haʻalele ʻo ia i kāna wahine, ʻo Phoebe Short, a me kāna mau kaikamahine ʻelima. Hoʻomau ʻo Cleo e hoʻopunipuni i kona pepehi kanaka ʻana iā ia iho, e waiho ana i kāna kaʻa kaʻawale kokoke i kahi alahaka e alakaʻi ana i nā luna e manaʻo ua lele ʻo ia i loko o ka muliwai ma lalo.
Ua waiho ʻia ʻo Phoebe e hana i nā manawa paʻakikī o ke Kaumaha a pono e hānai i nā kaikamahine ʻelima nona iho. No ke kākoʻo ʻana i kona ʻohana, hana ʻo Phoebe i mau hana he nui, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o ke kālā a ka ʻohana Short mai ke kōkua lehulehu. I kekahi lā ua loaʻa iā Phoebe kahi leka mai Cleo mai, ua neʻe ʻo ia i Kaleponi. Ua kala aku ʻo ia a haʻi aku iā Phoebe makemake ʻo ia e hoʻi i ka hale iā ia; eia naʻe, hōʻole ʻo ia e ʻike hou iā ia.
ʻO Elizabeth, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Betty," "Bette," a i ʻole "Bet," ua ulu a lilo i kaikamahine maikaʻi. Ua haʻi mau ʻia ʻo ia ua ʻelemakule ʻo ia a ua ʻoi aku ka mākua ma mua o kāna maoli. ʻOiai ʻo Elizabeth i ka hānō a me nā pilikia o ka mumū, ua manaʻo nui kona mau hoaaloha iā ia he ola nui. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Elizabeth i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka hoʻokipa leʻaleʻa. Ua ʻae ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni iā ia e pakele mai ka makaʻu o ke ola maʻamau.
Ka huakaʻi i Kaleponi:
I ka wā i nui ai ʻo Elizabeth, hāʻawi ʻo Cleo i kona noho me ia ma Kaleponi a hiki i kona loaʻa ʻana o kahi hana. Ua hana ʻo Elizabeth i nā hale ʻaina a me nā hale keaka i ka wā ma mua, akā ua ʻike ʻo ia makemake ʻo ia e lilo i hōkū inā neʻe ʻo ia i Kaleponi. Hoʻokele ʻia e kona hoihoi no nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, hoʻopaʻa ʻo Elizabeth i kāna mau mea a hele aku e noho me Cleo ma Vallejo, Kaleponi i ka mua o ka makahiki 1943. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ka manawa ma mua o ka pilikia o kā lāua pili. E hōʻino aku kona makuakāne iā ia no kona palaualelo, mālama hale maikaʻi ʻole, a me kāna ʻano pili aloha. Ua kipaku ʻo ia iā Elizabeth i ka waenakonu o 1943, a ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e pale nona iho.
Ua noi ʻo Elizabeth i kahi hana ma ke ʻano he cashier ma ka Post Exchange ma Camp Cooke. Ua ʻike koke nā limahana iā ia, a ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka inoa ʻo "Camp Cutie o Camp Cooke" i kahi hoʻokūkū nani. Eia naʻe, ua nawaliwali ka naʻau a makemake nui ʻo Elizabeth no kahi pilina paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka male. Ua hoʻolaha aku ka ʻōlelo ʻaʻole ʻo Elizabeth he kaikamahine "maʻalahi", nāna i mālama iā ia ma ka home ma kahi o nā lā i ka nui o nā pō. Ua hōʻoluʻolu ʻole ʻia ʻo ia ma Camp Cooke a haʻalele iā ia e noho me kahi ipo wahine e noho kokoke ana iā Santa Barbara.
ʻO Elizabeth wale nō kāna holo pū ʻana me ke kānāwai i kēia manawa, ma ka lā 23 Kepakemapa 1943. Ua hele ʻo ia me kahi hui o nā hoaaloha rowdy i loko o kahi hale ʻaina a hiki i ka wā i kāhea aku ai nā mea nona ka mākaʻi. Aia ʻo Elizabeth i lalo o ka makahiki i kēlā manawa, no laila ua kākau ʻia a paʻi ʻia me ka manamana lima akā ʻaʻole i uku ʻia. Minamina ka mākaʻi iā ia a hoʻonohonoho iā Elizabeth e hoʻihoʻi ʻia i Massachusetts. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana o Elizabeth i Kaleponi, kēia manawa i Hollywood.
Ma Los Angeles, ua launa ʻo Elizabeth i kahi pailaka ʻo Lieutenant Gordon Fickling ka mea i aloha ʻia. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ke kāne āna e ʻimi nei a ua hana koke i nā hoʻolālā e male iā ia. Eia naʻe, ua kāpae kāna mau hoʻolālā i ka wā i hoʻouna ʻia aku ai ʻo Fickling i ʻEulopa.
Ua lawe ʻo Elizabeth i kekahi mau hana hoʻohālikelike akā ua ʻano hoʻonāwaliwali paha ia me kāna ʻoihana. Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i ka hikina e noho i nā lā nui ma Medford ma mua o ka noho ʻana me nā ʻohana ma Miami. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e launa me nā limahana, e mau ana ka male ma kona manaʻo, a aloha hou me kahi pailaka, ʻo Major Matt Gordon kēia manawa. Ua hoʻohiki ʻo ia e male iā ia ma hope o kona hoʻouna ʻia i India. Eia nō naʻe, ua make ʻo Gordon i ka hana, a haʻalele iā Elizabeth i ka puʻuwai hou. He wā kanikau ʻo Elizabeth kahi i haʻi aku ai i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ʻo Mat kāna kāne maoli a ua make kā lākou pēpē i ka hānau hānau. I ka manawa i hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ola, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻi i kona ola kahiko ma ke kāhea ʻana i kāna mau hoaaloha Hollywood.
ʻO kekahi o kēlā mau hoaaloha ʻo Gordon Fickling, kāna ipo kāne ma mua. I kona ʻike ʻana iā ia ma ke ʻano he pani hakahaka no Matt Gordon, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kākau iā ia a hui pū me ia ma Kikako iā ia ma ke kaona no kekahi mau lā. E hāʻule hou ana ʻo ia i luna nā poʻo nona hou. Ua ʻae ʻo Elizabeth e hui pū me ia ma Long Beach ma mua o kona neʻe ʻana i Kaleponi e hoʻomau i ka ʻimi ʻana i kāna moemoeā o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
Ua haʻalele ʻo Elizabeth iā Los Angeles ma Kēkēmapa 8, 1946, e holo i ke kaʻa ʻōhua no San Diego. Ma mua o kona haʻalele ʻana, ua manaʻo nui ʻo Elizabeth i kekahi mea. E noho ana ʻo Elizabeth me Mark Hansen, nāna i haʻi ka mea aʻe i ka wā i nīnau ʻia ai ʻo ia iā Dekemaba 16, 1949, na Frank Jemison.
ʻO Frank Jemison: "ʻOiai ʻo ia e noho ana ma ke keʻena ʻo Chancellor, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i kou hale a loaʻa nā leka?"
ʻO Mark Hansen: "ʻAʻole au i ʻike iā ia akā e noho ana ʻo ia ma laila i hoʻokahi pō ke hoʻi wau i ka home, me Ann ma kahi o 5:30, 6:00 o ka hola - e noho ana me ka uē a me ka ʻōlelo ʻana e pono ʻo ia e hele i waho. Ke uē nei ʻo ia no ka makaʻu - hoʻokahi mea a me kekahi mea, ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu. ”
ʻOiai ʻo ia ma San Diego, ua aloha ʻo ia me kekahi wahine ʻōpio i kapa ʻia ʻo Dorothy French. He kaikamahine kuʻe ʻo Dorothy ma ka hale kiʻi ʻo Aztec a ua ʻike ʻo ia iā Elizabeth e hiamoe ana ma kekahi o nā noho ma hope o ka hōʻike ahiahi. Ua haʻi aku ʻo Elizabeth iā Dorothy ua haʻalele ʻo ia iā Hollywood no ka mea he paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hana ma ke ʻano he mea hana keaka me nā ʻōkuhi a ka mea hana keaka e hana nei i kēlā manawa. Minamina ʻo Dorothy iā ia a hāʻawi iā ia i kahi e noho ai ma ka home o kona makuahine no kekahi mau lā. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hiamoe ʻo Elizabeth ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina.
ʻOiai ʻo ia ma San Diego, ua aloha ʻo ia me kekahi wahine ʻōpio i kapa ʻia ʻo Dorothy French. He kaikamahine kuʻe ʻo Dorothy ma ka hale kiʻi ʻo Aztec a ua ʻike ʻo ia iā Elizabeth e hiamoe ana ma kekahi o nā noho ma hope o ka hōʻike ahiahi. Ua haʻi aku ʻo Elizabeth iā Dorothy ua haʻalele ʻo ia iā Hollywood no ka mea he paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hana ma ke ʻano he mea hana keaka me nā ʻōkuhi a ka mea hana keaka e hana nei i kēlā manawa. Minamina ʻo Dorothy iā ia a hāʻawi iā ia i kahi e noho ai ma ka home o kona makuahine no kekahi mau lā. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hiamoe ʻo Elizabeth ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina.
Nā lā Hope o ka Pōkole:
Ua hana ʻo Elizabeth i ka hana liʻiliʻi no ka ʻohana Farani a hoʻomau i kāna ʻano pāʻina pō a me nā ʻano aloha. ʻO kekahi o nā kāne āna i aloha nui ai ʻo Robert "Red" Manley, kahi mea kūʻai aku mai Los Angeles mai he wahine hāpai kāna ma ka home. Ua ʻae ʻo Manley ua ʻumeʻume ʻia ʻo ia iā Elizabeth akā ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hiamoe me ia. Ua ʻike lāua ʻelua i ka ʻaoʻao a ma kahi hoʻi no kekahi mau pule, a ua noi ʻo Elizabeth iā ia e holo i Hollywood. Ua ʻae ʻo Manley a kiʻi iā ia mai ka home Farani ma Ianuali 8, 1947. Ua uku ʻo ia no kāna lumi hōkele no kēlā pō a hele pū me ia i kahi pāʻina. I ka hoʻi ʻana o lāua ʻelua i ka hōkele, hiamoe ʻo ia ma luna o kahi moe, a hiamoe ʻo Elizabeth i kahi noho.
Ua loaʻa iā Manley kahi manawa i ke kakahiaka o Ianuali 9 a hoʻi ʻo ia i ka hōkele e kiʻi iā Elizabeth i ke awakea. Ua haʻi ʻo ia iā ia e hoʻi ana ʻo ia i Massachusetts akā pono mua e hui me kona kaikuahine male ma ka Biltmore Hotel ma Hollywood. Ua hoʻokele ʻo Manley iā ia ma laila ʻaʻole naʻe i pili. He manawa kona i ka 6:30 PM a ʻaʻole i kali no ka hōʻea ʻana o ko Elizabeth kaikuahine. I ka wā i ʻike ai ʻo Manley iā Elizabeth i ka hopena hope loa, ke kelepona nei ʻo ia i loko o ka keʻena hōkele. Ma hope o kēlā, nalowale wale nō ia.
ʻO Discovery o ke kino i hoʻopau ʻia o Short:
ʻO Manley a me nā limahana o ka hōkele ka poʻe hope loa e ʻike iā Elizabeth Short e ola nei. Ma kahi o ka Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) i hōʻike ai, ʻo ka mea pepehi kanaka wale nō a Elizabeth i ʻike iā ia ma hope o Ianuali 9, 1947. Ua hala ʻo ia no ʻeono mau lā mai ka Hotele Biltmore ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kona kino i kahi hakahaka ma ke kakahiaka o Ianuali 15 , 1947.
Ua loaʻa ke kino o Elizabeth Short ma Leimert Park, Los Angeles e kekahi kamaʻāina a me kāna kaikamahine. ʻO ka wahine i ʻike iā ia i manaʻoʻiʻo i ke kino o Black Dahlia kahi mannequin ma muli o kona ʻili mae a ma hope o ka hoʻokahe ʻia ʻana o ke koko. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka wahi hewa a Elizabeth Short. Ua kau ʻia ʻo ia me kona mau lima ma luna o kona poʻo a ua hohola ʻia kona mau wāwae. Ua palaki ʻia ʻo ia me ka petrolina e lawe i nā hōʻike forensic mai ka hana hewa Black Black.
ʻO ka hihia hoʻokolokolo:
Ua lawe ʻia ʻo Elizabeth Short i ka hale make kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ke autopsy ke kumu o ka hahau pinepine ʻana i ke poʻo a me ka haʻalulu o ke kahe o ke koko. Aia kekahi mau māka ligature i loaʻa ma kona mau pulima a me nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae a me nā mea i lawe ʻia mai kona umauma. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa kapakapa ma ke ʻano he ʻEleʻele Dahlia ma hope o ka haʻi ʻana aku o kahi mea hale kūʻai iā ia kona inoa kapakapa i waena o nā kāne kūʻai aku ma muli o kona lauoho ʻeleʻele a me nā lole ʻeleʻele.
Na wai i pepehi iā Elizabeth Pōkole?
Nā Kūlana:
Ma muli o ka ʻoki maʻemaʻe ʻana o Elizabeth Short i loko o ʻelua, ua manaʻo ka LAPD he ʻano hoʻomaʻamaʻa lapaʻau kā kāna mea pepehi kanaka. Ua hoʻokō ke Kulanui o Kaleponi Hema i ka LAPD a hoʻouna iā lākou i kahi papa inoa o kā lākou mau haumāna lapaʻau.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia no ka pepehi kanaka ʻana iā Elizabeth Short, ʻaʻole ia kekahi o kēia mau haumāna lapaʻau. ʻO Robert "Red" Manley kona inoa. ʻO Manley kekahi o nā poʻe hope loa i ʻike iā Elizabeth Short e ola nei. Ma muli o ka paʻa o kāna alibi no Ianuali 14 a me 15 a no ka mea ua hala ʻo ia i ʻelua mau ho'āʻo ʻike ʻike wahaheʻe, ua hoʻokuʻu ka LAPD iā ia.
Kuhi a me nā hoʻohoka:
Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka hihia Black Dahlia, ua mālama nā mea noiʻi kumu i kēlā me kēia kanaka i ʻike iā Elizabeth Short ma ke ʻano he mea kānalua. I Iune 1947 ua hana nā mākaʻi a hoʻopau i kahi papa inoa o kanahikukumamālima mau mea i manaʻo ʻia. Ma Kēkēmapa 1948 ua noʻonoʻo nā mākaʻikaʻi he 192 mau kānina i ka huina. ʻO lākou, ma kahi o 60 poʻe i ʻae i ka pepehi kanaka Black Dahlia, ma muli o kahi $ 10,000 makana i kau ʻia. Akā he 22 mau kānaka wale nō i manaʻo ʻia he mau mea manaʻo ʻia e ka Loio Apana ʻo Los Angeles akā ʻaʻole i hiki i nā luna ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mea nāna i pepehi kanaka mua.
ʻO ka poʻe me nā inoa wiwo ʻole kekahi ma ka papa inoa o nā mea kānalua.
- ʻO Mark Hansen
- ʻO Carl Balsinger
- C. Welsh
- ʻO Sergeant "Chuck" (ʻike ʻole ʻia ka inoa)
- John D. Wade
- ʻO Joe Scalis
- ʻO James Nimmo
- ʻO Maurice Clement
- He mākaʻi ma Kikako
- ʻO Salvador Torres Vera (haumāna lapaʻau)
- Kauka George Hodel
- ʻO Marvin Margolis (haumāna lapaʻau)
- ʻO Glenn Wolf
- ʻO Michael Anthony Otero
- ʻO George Bacos
- Francis Campbell
- "Kauka Lapaʻau Wahine Queer"
- ʻO Kauka Paul DeGaston
- Kauka AE Brix
- Kauka MM Schwartz
- Kau ʻia ʻo Kauka Arthur McGinnis
- Kauka Patrick S. O'Reilly
Ua haʻi aku kekahi mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia kāna mea pepehi kanaka, a kāhea aku i ka nūpepa a me ka Examiner e ʻōlelo e hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ia iho ma hope o ka pāʻani hou ʻana me nā mākaʻi a hāʻawi i ka hōʻoia ʻo ia kāna mea pepehi.
Ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kekahi o kāna mau mea ponoʻī i ka nūpepa i holoi ʻia hoʻi i ka ʻailaolina, a ua alakaʻi ʻia ka mākaʻi e manaʻo ʻo kēia kāna mea pepehi. Ua hōʻino ʻia nā manamana lima i loaʻa mai kahi leka mai ma mua o ka hiki ke kālailai ʻia. Ma kahi kokoke i kahi ʻeke a me nā kāmaʻa e manaʻoʻiʻo nei na Elizabeth ia i ʻike ʻia, holoi ʻia hoʻi me ka ʻaukā.
Ua hoʻouna ʻia i kahi nūpepa a Mark Hansen i ka nūpepa a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he mea kānalua ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mākaʻi. Ua hoʻouna ʻia kahi kaula o nā leka hou i ka Examiner a me The Herald-Express mai "ka mea pepehi kanaka" me kahi manawa a me kahi kahi e hāʻawi ai ʻo ia iā ia iho. Heluhelu ʻia ka leka. "E hāʻawi wau i ka pepehi ʻana iā Dahlia inā loaʻa iaʻu he 10 mau makahiki. Mai hoʻāʻo e loaʻa iaʻu. ” ʻAʻole hiki kēia a ua hoʻouna ʻia kekahi leka e ʻōlelo ana "ua" loli ʻo ia i kona manaʻo.
ʻO nā mea kānalua i kēia manawa:
ʻOiai ua hōʻemi ʻia kekahi o nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he iwakāluakūmālua kumu, ua ala aʻe kekahi mau mea kānalua hou. Ua kūkākūkā ʻia nā mea kānalua aʻe e nā mea kākau a me nā loea ʻē aʻe a ke manaʻo ʻia nei ʻo ia ka mea nui i manaʻo ʻia no ka pepehi kanaka Black Dahlia.
- Walter Bayley
- ʻO Norman Chandler
- ʻO Leslie Dillon
- Ed Burns
- ʻO Joseph A. Dumais
- ʻO Mark Hansen
- ʻO George Hodel
- ʻO George Knowlton
- ʻO Robert M. "Red" Manley
- Patrick S. O'Reilly
- ʻO Jack Anderson Wilson
Ka Hopena:
Aia kekahi mau mea i manaʻo ʻia he ʻeleʻele Black Dahlia ke kuleana no ka make ʻana o Elizabeth Short. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Leslie Dillon he mea manaʻo nui e ka hapa nui ma muli o kāna hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino. He hoa aloha ʻo ia no Mark Hansen a ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻike ʻo ia i nā hana hoʻomāinoino a nā hoaaloha. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hana ka pepehi kanaka ma ka Aster Motel ma Los Angeles. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi lumi i pulu i ke koko i ka manawa o ka pepehi kanaka.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo George Hodel he mea kānalua ma muli o kāna hoʻomaʻamaʻa olakino a paʻi ʻia kāna kelepona. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia e ʻōlelo "Ua pepehi au iā Supposin" i ka Dahlia ʻEleʻele. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hōʻoia i kēia manawa. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio me kaʻu mea kākau ʻōlelo no ka mea ua make ʻo ia. ” Ua manaʻoʻiʻo kāna keiki ʻo ia nō ka mea pepehi kanaka a hoʻomaopopo i kāna kākau lima e ʻano like me nā leka i loaʻa iā The Herald.
I ka hopena, ua hōʻike ʻole ʻia ka hihia pōkole ʻo Elizabeth a hiki i kēia lā, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā hihia anuanu kaulana loa o ka honua.
