ʻIke ʻia no ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka therapeutic a me ka culinary, he moʻolelo ia o kahi mea kupanaha botanical i nalowale mai ke ola ʻana, e waiho ana ma hope o kahi ala o ka hoʻohiwahiwa a me ka hoihoi e hoʻomau nei i nā mea noiʻi i kēia lā.
ʻO Silphium, kahi mea kanu kahiko i paʻa i kahi kūlana kūikawā i loko o ka puʻuwai o nā Roma a me nā Helene, aia paha a puni, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike. ʻO kēia mea kanu pohihihi, kahi waiwai nui o nā emepera a he mea nui i nā kīhini kahiko a me nā apothecaries, he lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa ia. ʻO ka nalo ʻana o ka mea kanu mai ka mōʻaukala he moʻolelo hoihoi o ke koi a me ka pau ʻana. He mea kupanaha botanical kahiko ia i waiho ʻia ma hope o ke ala o ka hoʻokalakupua a me ka hoihoi e hoʻomau mau nei i ka poʻe noiʻi i kēia mau lā.
ʻO ka Silphium kaao
ʻO Silphium kahi mea kanu i ʻimi nui ʻia, he kamaʻāina ma ka ʻāina ʻo Cyrene ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, i kēia manawa ʻo Shahhat, Libya. Ua hōʻike ʻia no ka Ferula genus, nona nā mea kanu i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo ka "giant fennels". Ua ʻike ʻia ka mea kanu me kona mau aʻa paʻa i uhi ʻia i ka ʻili ʻeleʻele, kahi ʻaʻa puha e like me ka fennel, a me nā lau e like me ka celery.
ʻAʻole i kūleʻa ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e mahi iā Silphium ma waho o kona ʻāina hānau, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Helene. Ua ulu ka mea kanu hihiu ma Kurene wale nō, kahi i hana nui ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai kūloko a ua kālepa nui ʻia me Helene a me Roma. Hōʻike ʻia kona waiwai koʻikoʻi i nā ʻāpana kālā o Kurene, kahi i hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā kiʻi o Silphium a i kāna mau hua.
Ua kiʻekiʻe loa ke koi ʻana iā Silphium a ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ke kumu o kona kaumaha ma ke kālā. Ua ʻimi ka Emepera Roma ʻo Augustus e hoʻoponopono i kāna hāʻawi ʻana ma ke koi ʻana e hoʻouna ʻia nā ʻohi a pau o Silphium a me kāna mau wai i mea hoʻokupu iā Roma.
ʻO Silphium: kahi leʻaleʻa meaʻai
He mea kaulana ʻo Silphium i ka honua culinary o Helene a me Roma kahiko. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kona mau ʻōpala a me nā lau i mea hoʻonani, ʻānai pinepine ʻia ma luna o ka meaʻai e like me ka parmesan a i hui pū ʻia i loko o ka ʻuala a me ka paʻakai. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā lau i nā salakeke no kahi koho olakino, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻōpala crunchy e ʻono ʻia i ka ʻala ʻia, ka paila, a i ʻole ka sautéed.
Eia kekahi, ua pau nā ʻāpana o ka mea kanu, me nā aʻa. Ua ʻoliʻoli pinepine ʻia nā aʻa ma hope o ka ʻū ʻia ʻana i loko o ka vīneka. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi ʻōlelo kaulana o Silphium i loko o ka meaʻai kahiko ma De Re Coquinaria - kahi puke kuke ʻo Roma i ka makahiki 5 na Apicius, e loaʻa ana kahi meaʻai no ka "oxygarum sauce", kahi iʻa kaulana a me ka ʻuala winika i hoʻohana iā Silphium i waena o kāna mau meaʻai nui.
Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Silphium e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻono o nā ʻōpala pine, a laila hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomoʻa i nā kīʻaha like ʻole. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole i ʻai wale ʻia ʻo Silphium e nā kānaka akā ua hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi e hoʻomāmona i nā bipi a me nā hipa, me ka ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻono ai ka ʻiʻo i ka wā e pepehi ai.
ʻO Silphium: ka mea kupanaha lāʻau
I nā lā mua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou, ua loaʻa iā Silphium kona wahi he panacea. ʻO ka mea kākau Roma ʻo Pliny the Elder's encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia, haʻi pinepine iā Silphium. Eia kekahi, ua kākau nā kauka kaulana e like me Galen a me Hippocrates e pili ana i kā lākou mau hana lapaʻau me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Silphium.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo Silphium ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau-a pau no nā ʻano maʻi ākea, e like me ka ʻū, ka ʻeha ʻeha, ke poʻo poʻo, ka fevers, epilepsy, goiters, warts, hernias, a me "growths of the anus". Eia kekahi, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi poultice o Silphium e hoʻōla i ka maʻi koko, ka ʻāʻī o ka naʻau, nā ʻeha niho, a me ka maʻi maʻi.
Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō. Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Silphium no ka pale ʻana i ka tetanus a me ka rabies mai ka nahu ʻana o nā ʻīlio feral, e ulu i ka lauoho no ka poʻe me ka alopecia, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hana o nā makuahine hāpai.
ʻO Silphium: aphrodisiac a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana
Ma waho aʻe o kāna hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ua kaulana ʻo Silphium no kāna mau waiwai aphrodisiac a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mana hānau hānau maikaʻi loa o ka honua i kēlā manawa. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā hua ʻano puʻuwai o ka mea kanu e hoʻonui i ka libido i nā kāne a hoʻoulu i ke kūkulu ʻana.
No nā wahine, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Silphium e mālama i nā pilikia hormonal a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka menstruation. Ua hoʻopaʻa nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka mea kanu ma ke ʻano he contraceptive a me ka abortifacient. Ua ʻai nā wahine iā Silphium i hui pū ʻia me ka waina e "neʻe i ka menstruation", kahi hana i kākau ʻia e Pliny the Elder. Eia kekahi, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau i ka hāpai ʻana i kēia manawa ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpū a alakaʻi i kona kipaku ʻia mai ka ʻōpū.
ke kino.
ʻO ke ʻano puʻuwai o nā ʻanoʻano silphium ke kumu o ka hōʻailona puʻuwai kahiko, he kiʻi aloha i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā.
Ka nalowale ana o Silphium
ʻOiai ka hoʻohana nui ʻana a me ka kaulana, ua nalowale ʻo Silphium mai ka mōʻaukala. ʻO ka pau ʻana o Silphium kahi kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau. He mea koʻikoʻi paha ka ʻohi ʻana i ka nalowale o kēia ʻano. No ka mea hiki ke ulu maikaʻi ʻo Silphium i ka nahele ma Kurene, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻāina ma muli o nā makahiki o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka mea kanu.
Ma muli o ka hui ʻana o ka ua a me ka ʻāina waiwai nui, aia nā palena i ka nui o nā mea kanu i hiki ke ulu i ka manawa hoʻokahi ma Kurene. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe Kurene e kaulike i nā ʻohi. Eia naʻe, ua ʻohi ʻia ka mea kanu a pau i ka hopena o ke kenekulia mua AD.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōpala hope o ka silphium a hāʻawi ʻia i ka Emepera Roma ʻo Nero ma ke ʻano he "oddity." Wahi a Pliny the Elder, ʻai koke ʻo Nero i ka makana (ʻike maopopo ʻole ʻia ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea kanu).
ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e like me ka ʻai nui ʻana e nā hipa, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, a me ka hoʻoneoneo ʻana paha i kōkua i ka hana ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka lepo i kūpono ʻole no ka ulu ʻana o Silphium.
He hoʻomanaʻo ola?
ʻOiai ka nalo ʻana, mau ka hoʻoilina o Silphium. Wahi a kekahi poʻe noiʻi, e ulu mau ana ka mea kanu i ka nahele ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e ka honua hou. A hiki i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ia ʻano, e noho mau ana ʻo Silphium i kahi enigma - kahi mea kanu i mālama ʻia i kahi kūlana hanohano i nā hui kahiko, i kēia manawa ua nalowale i ka manawa.
No laila, manaʻo paha ʻoe e pua mau ana nā māla o Silphium, ʻike ʻole ʻia, ma kahi o ʻApelika ʻĀkau?
