He mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻepekema-fiction a me nā hana moʻokalaleo i hoʻomālamalama iā mākou i ka manaʻo pehea e hiki ai ke hoʻōki i ke ola no kahi manawa pōkole me ka ʻole o ka make maoli ʻana, a laila hoʻi mai i ke ola wale nō e ʻike i ke ao e hiki mai ana. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka poʻe ma ke ao maoli, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka manaʻo hoʻohiwahiwa a me ka noʻonoʻo. Akā, aia ʻelua ilo i loko o ka petri-dish i haki i kēia lula kumu o kā mākou manaʻo kuʻuna.
E like me ka Manawa Siberian, nā ʻepekema mai nā hui Lūkia ʻehā, i ka hana pū ʻana me ke Kulanui ʻo Princeton o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i kālailai ʻia i kekahi mau ilo prehistoric o nā waihona permafrost Arctic i kapa ʻia nā nematodes a ua ʻike ʻia ʻelua ʻano ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau ilo - i ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole o Siberia - ua hōʻike mau i nā hōʻailona o ke ola ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana i ka hau no kahi kokoke i 42,000 mau makahiki!
ʻO kā lākou mau ʻike mana, i paʻi ʻia ma ka Mei 2018 pukana o ka puke pai Doklady Biological Sciences, e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻike mua o nā mea ola multicellular e hoʻi hou ana i ke ola ma hope o ka hiamoe lōʻihi ma Arctic permafrost, e hoʻomaha ana i kahi maloʻo hohonu mai ka Pleistocene.
ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi nā nematodes a i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo ka roundworms - ʻo ke ana maʻamau ma kahi o 1 millimeter ka lōʻihi - ʻike ʻia lākou he mau mana kupaianaha. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi e noho ana ma kahi o 1.3 kilomita ma lalo o ka ʻili honua, ʻoi aku ka hohonu ma mua o nā ola multicellular ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi mau ilo e noho ana ma kekahi mokupuni ma ka moana ʻĪnia ke hoʻomohala i hoʻokahi o ʻelima mau waha like ʻole, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka meaʻai i loaʻa. Hoʻololi ʻia nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e ulu i loko o ka ʻōpū slug a hele ma nā ala liʻiliʻi o ka slug poop.
No kā lākou noiʻi hohonu, ua kālailai nā mea noiʻi i 300 mau laʻana o nā waihona permafrost Arctic, nona nā waihona ʻelua i mālama ʻia i nā nematodes i mālama maikaʻi ʻia. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia kekahi laʻana mai kahi lua squirrel mōʻalihaku kokoke i ka muliwai ʻo Alazeya ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Yakutia, Russia. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau waihona ma kahi o 32,000 mau makahiki. No ka muliwai Kolyma ma ka hikina akau o Siberia, a ma kahi o 42,000 makahiki o keia mau waihona. Ua hōʻike lākou i ʻelua mau ʻano nematode i ʻike ʻia: Panagrolaimus detritophagus a Plectus parvus.
ʻO nā nematodes, ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai ka permafrost, ua hoʻoheheʻe lohi ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha petri a waiho ʻia i loko o nā moʻomeheu ma 68ºF (20ºC) me ka agar a me ka meaʻai, a laila e kali nā mea noiʻi. Ua hoʻomaka lākou e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ke ola, neʻe a me ka ʻai ʻana ma hope o kekahi mau pule, e hana ana kēia i ka hōʻike mua o ka "cryopreservation kūlohelohe" o nā holoholona multicellular, e like me ke aʻo ʻana.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nā nematodes ka mea ola mua i ala mai ka millennia i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka hau. Ma mua, ua ʻike kekahi pūʻulu ʻepekema i kahi maʻi nui i hoʻōla hou ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i 30,000 mau makahiki i ka hau ma Siberian permafrost - he mea weliweli wale ke lohe i kēia nūhou. Mai hopohopo, ʻo nā amoeba wale nō ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kēia mea hoʻouka kaua kahiko.
Minamina, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ninaninau i nā ilo o 40,000 mau makahiki e nīnau i ke ʻano o ka honua i kēlā manawa, akā hiki i ka breakthrough pupule ke wehe i nā ʻano hana i nā nematodes kahiko i hiki ai iā lākou ke ola i kēlā manawa lōʻihi; ke kuhikuhi nei i ka hopena o ka hana ʻana o ia mau adaptation i nā wahi ʻepekema he nui, "e like me cryomedicine, cryobiology, a me astrobiology," pau ka poʻe noiʻi.
