E noʻonoʻo i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi ala huna huna i hūnā ʻia ma lalo o kekahi o nā wahi archaeological kahiko loa a pohihihi o ka honua. ʻAe, ʻo ia ka mea i hana ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mekiko ʻo Teotihuacán. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā tunnel huna i lawe mai i ka hauʻoli hou a me ka hoʻowalewale i ka pūnaewele hoihoi.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Teotihuacán kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale nui loa ma mua o Columbian Mesoamerican, mai ka makahiki 400 BC. Me kona mau pyramid kiʻekiʻe, nā kiʻi kiʻi paʻi kiʻi, a me nā kiʻi kiʻi kūʻokoʻa, ua lōʻihi ka hopu ʻana o Teotihuacán i ka noʻonoʻo o nā mea kākau moʻolelo a me nā mea hoʻokalakupua. A laila, me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā tunnel huna, ua hohonu wale ka mystique o ka pūnaewele. No laila he aha nā mea huna e paʻa ai kēia mau tunnels? Nawai i kukulu ia mau mea, a no ke aha i hunaia'i ia mau mea no ka loihi? Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i ka ʻike hoihoi ʻana o nā tunnel huna ma Teotihuacán a me nā mea pohihihi e waiho ana i loko.
ʻO ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Teotihuacán
ʻO ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Teotihuacán, i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka noho ʻana o nā akua" ma ka ʻōlelo Nahuatl kahiko, ʻo ia ke kumu o kahi aupuni. Ma kahi o 200,000 ka poʻe i manaʻo ʻia ua noho lākou ma waena o 100 a me 700 AD, a hiki i kona poʻe kamaʻāina i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia. Ua paʻa mau ke kūlanakauhale, akā ʻaʻole ʻike nui ʻia e pili ana i kona poʻe, pehea ka ulu ʻana o ke ola ma laila a ʻo wai ka mea i noho mana. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia inā i hāʻawi ʻia ka mana ma o ka ʻohana aliʻi a i ʻole he aliʻi aliʻi.
Ma muli o ka mānoanoa a me ka lepo ma ia wahi, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka ʻeli ʻana ma ke kahua. Ua hana ka poʻe Spaniards i ke kenekulia 17, akā ʻaʻohe holomua maoli a hiki i ke kenekulia 20.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā tunnel huna ma Teotihuacán
Ua loaʻa i nā kānaka noiʻi ʻekolu ʻōnaehana tunnel nui ma Teotihuacán, hoʻokahi ma lalo o ka Pyramid of the Sun, hoʻokahi ma lalo o ka Pyramid of the Moon, a hoʻokahi ma lalo o ka Feathered Serpent Pyramid (Quetzacoátl Temple); ʻO ka mea hope loa he mea hoihoi loa ia:
Nā tunnel ma lalo o ka Pyramid of the Sun
I ka makahiki 1959, ʻo Rene Millon a me kāna hui o nā mea noiʻi kekahi o nā hui mua o nā kālaihonua i aʻo i ka ʻōnaehana tunnel ma lalo o ka Pyramid of the Sun - ka pyramid nui loa ma Mesoamerica. ʻOiai ua hana ʻia kekahi o kēia mau tunnels ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o Teotihuacan a me nā Aztecs, ua pili hope lākou i nā tunnels a me nā ana i hana ʻia i ka wā o kēia mau moʻomeheu.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e Millon ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hapa nui o nā tunnels nui, a inā he kumu kēia a ʻaʻole paha, aia i ka wehewehe ʻana. Ua hōʻiliʻili nā tunnels ma lalo o ka pyramid i nā ʻāpana o ka ipu lepo, nā kapuahi, a me nā mea hana akamai ʻē aʻe mai nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe i hōʻike i nā hōʻike ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Teotihuacán.
Ua hoʻoholo hope ʻo Millon a me kāna hui mai kā lākou noiʻi ʻana a me ka ʻeli ʻana ua kūkulu mau ʻia ka pyramid i nā manawa like ʻole e ka poʻe ma Teotihuacán, a i ʻole ua kūkulu ʻia ka pyramid holoʻokoʻa i ka manawa hoʻokahi me kāna kumu a me kāna ʻōnaehana ana. kaawale i ka manawa mua. ʻO ka māhele ʻana o nā manawa ma muli o nā moʻomeheu like ʻole i loaʻa ka mana hōʻike i nā mea kiʻi i loaʻa i nā tunnels ma lalo o ka pyramid.
I ka makahiki 1971, ua ʻike ka mea kālaihonua ʻo Ernesto Taboada i kahi komo i loko o kahi lua ʻehiku mika ka hohonu ma lalo o ke alapiʻi nui o ka Pyramid of the Sun. Ua noiʻi ʻia nā ana a me nā ʻōnaehana tunnel ma lalo o ka pyramid e nā mea kālaihonua like ʻole i manaʻo he laʻa kēia mau ana i ka poʻe ma Teotihuacan e like me ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā ana ma Mesoamerica.
Hōʻike nā kumu like ʻole i nā manaʻo like ʻole o ka wehewehe ʻana no ke kumu i kūkulu ʻia ai ka Pyramid of the Sun a me ke ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana ana ma lalo o ia mea e like me ka poʻe Teotihuacán a me ka moʻomeheu. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe ua hoʻohana ʻia ka tunnel no nā hana hoʻomana, a ʻo kekahi poʻe i manaʻo he ala pakele ia no nā aliʻi o ke kūlanakauhale.
Keena huna a me ka tunnel ma lalo o ka Pyramid of the Moon
Ua nānā nā kānaka kālaihonua mai Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) a me ka National Autonomous University of Mexico i ka wahi o ka Plaza of the Moon a me ka Pyramid of the Moon - ka lua o ka nui o ka pyramid ma Mesoamerica - i Iune 2017.
Ua hōʻoia lākou i kēia manawa aia kekahi keʻena ʻewalu mau mika (26 ft.) ma lalo o ka Pyramid of the Moon. He 15 mika kona anawaena (49 ft.), pili i ka tunnel e hele aku ana i ka hema o ka Plaza of the Moon, a he puka komo komohana paha i loko o ke keʻena. Hōʻike kēia mau ʻike i ka hahai ʻana o ka poʻe o Teotihuacan i ke ʻano o ka tunnel ma kā lākou mau monuments nui loa.
Tunnel ma lalo o ka Feathered Serpent Pyramid (Quetzacoátl Temple)
ʻO ka mea kālaihonua ʻo Sergio Gomez, ka mea nāna i hana i ka mālama ʻana i ka luakini o Quetzalcoatl - ke kolu o ka nui o ka pyramid ma Mesoamerica - i ka makahiki 2003, ua hele mai i ka tunnel me Julie Gazzola ma hope o ka ua nui o nā lā lōʻihi. He ʻaneʻane ʻekolu kapuaʻi ka laulā ākea i wehe ʻia ma ke kumu o ka luakini ʻo Feathered Serpent a i ka ʻimi ʻia ʻana me ke kukui uila a me ke kaula, ua ʻike ʻia he lāʻau i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. Aia ma lalo o ke kumu he ala i ālai ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e nā pōhaku nunui.
Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi ʻeli mua e kahi robot liʻiliʻi mamao, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea i loaʻa me nā mea kiʻi maoli i hoʻihoʻi ʻia e like me ka hoihoi!
Ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o 75,000 mau mea kiʻi i ka wā e ʻimi ana i kēia awāwa e alakaʻi ana i nā keʻena huna ma lalo o ka honua, me nā mea e like me ka pale lāʻau i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka jade a me ka quartz, nā niho crocodile greenstone, kahi pahu o nā ʻēheu pipi, a me nā haneli o nā pōʻai metala. ʻO kēia mau pōleʻa pohihihi ka nui mai ka 1.5 "a hiki i ka 5" a ua hana ʻia me kahi kumu o ka pālolo a uhi ʻia me kahi jarosite melemele i hana ʻia mai ka oxidization o pyrite. E ʻālohilohi kēia mau pōʻai e like me ke gula i ka wā i hana ʻia ai. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana a me ke ʻano o kēia mau pōlele gula liʻiliʻi.
Ma ka hope o ka tunnel, ua ʻike ʻia kahi keʻena e hōʻike ana i ka lua. Aia i loko o kēia keʻena ma lalo o ke kikowaena o ka pyramid kahi ʻāina liʻiliʻi me nā loko wai mercury e hōʻike ana i nā loko. Ua hoʻonani ʻia nā paia a me ke kaupaku me nā pauka mineral like ʻole (hematite, pyrite, a me ka magnetite) e hana i ka hopena kupaianaha o ke kū ʻana ma lalo o nā hōkū i ka pō.
ʻO ka luakini o Quetzalcoatl kahi huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi maoli a ua loaʻa i ka wikiwiki o ka hōʻemi ʻana mai ke kaʻa mau. Ke hoʻomau nei ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka tunnel ma lalo o ka ʻeli ʻana, ʻo ia paha ke kumu ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā malihini. Ua loaʻa ka nui o nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma 2017 ma kahi hōʻikeʻike nui ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike De Young ma San Fransisco, Kaleponi.
Nā'ōlelo hope
ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā tunnel huna i loko o ka puʻuwai o ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Teotihuacán he mea pohihihi ia. ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike maopopo i ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau tunnels, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ke kumu i kūkulu ʻia ai a no ke aha paha i hoʻohana ʻia ai. Ua hoʻohana paha nā kāhuna i nā awāwa e hele malū ai ma waena o nā luakini nui, akā ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike ʻia e kākoʻo i kēlā ʻōlelo.
Ke ʻōlelo nei ka poʻe archeologists he kahua hoʻomana a he kahua hoʻomana nā tunnels. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea hōʻoia i hoʻohana nā kāhuna o Teotihuacan iā lākou no ke kumu like me nā kāhuna o Chichen Itza ma Mexico, ua like ka hōʻailona. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā lua kupapaʻu o ka poʻe kahiko. No ka laʻana, ua loaʻa i ka poʻe kālaihonua nā iwi poʻo, nā iwi, a me nā mea hana i loko o ka tunnel i hoʻohana ʻia e nā kāhuna o Teotihuacan.
ʻO ia hoʻi, makemake nui ʻia ka noiʻi archaeological ma kēia kahua kahiko e wehe i nā ʻike hoihoi hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia mau tunnel pohihihi a me ko lākou kumu maoli.
