ʻO ka hōʻike o kahi noho 14,000 makahiki i loaʻa ma ke komohana o Kanada

Ua ʻike nā kānaka kālaihonua a me nā haumāna mai ka Hakai Institute ma ke Kulanui o Victoria ma British Columbia, a me nā Aupuni Mua o ka ʻāina, i nā wahi neoneo o kahi kūlanakauhale ma mua o nā pyramid o ʻAigupita ma Giza.

Nā hōʻike o kahi noho ʻana he 14,000 makahiki i loaʻa ma ke komohana ʻo Canada 1
ʻO ka noho ʻana i ʻike ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Triquet e hōʻoia i ka moʻolelo waha o ka Heiltsuk Nation no ka hōʻea ʻana o ko lākou mau kūpuna i ʻAmelika. © Keith Holmes/Hakai Institute.

ʻO ka wahi ma ka mokupuni ʻo Triquet, ma kahi o 300 mau mile mai Victoria ma ke komohana ʻo British Columbia, ua hoʻokumu i nā mea waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka carbon-dated i 14,000 mau makahiki aku nei, kokoke i 9,000 mau makahiki i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā pyramids, e like me Alisha Gauvreau, he haumāna ma ke Kulanui o Victoria. .

ʻO ka noho ʻana, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mua loa i ʻike ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea hana, nā makau iʻa, nā ihe, a me ke ahi kuke me nā ʻāpana lanahu i puhi ʻia e kēia poʻe kahiko. He mea koʻikoʻi nā ʻāpana lanahu no ka mea maʻalahi lākou i ka lā kalapona.

He aha ka mea i lawe iā lākou i kēia wahi kikoʻī? Ua lohe nā haumāna kulanui i kahi moʻolelo kahiko e pili ana i ka poʻe Heiltsuk, he poʻe ʻōiwi o ia wahi. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, aia kahi ʻāpana ʻāina ʻaʻole i maloʻo, ʻoiai i ka wā hau i hala. Ua hoʻonanea kēia i nā haumāna, a ua hele lākou e ʻimi i kahi.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo William Housty, he waha ʻōlelo no ka lāhui ʻōiwi Heiltsuk First Nation, he "mea kupanaha" ʻo nā moʻolelo i hoʻoili ʻia mai kēlā hanauna a i kēia hanauna i alakaʻi i kahi ʻike ʻepekema.

Nā hōʻike o kahi noho ʻana he 14,000 makahiki i loaʻa ma ke komohana ʻo Canada 2
Hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau papeti Indian Heiltsuk ma ka hōʻiliʻili o ka UBC Museum of Anthropology ma Vancouver, Kanada. © Kahua Aupuni

"He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻike no ka mea e hōʻoia hou i ka nui o ka mōʻaukala a ko mākou poʻe e kamaʻilio nei no nā kaukani makahiki," wahi āna. Hōʻike nā moʻolelo i ka mokupuni ʻo Triquet ma ke ʻano he wahi hoʻāno no ka paʻa ʻana o ka ʻilikai ma ia wahi no 15,000 mau makahiki.

He nui nā paio ʻana o ka ʻohana e pili ana i nā kuleana ʻāina a ua manaʻo ʻo Housty e kū lākou i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i nā kūlana e hiki mai ana me nā moʻolelo waha wale nō akā ʻo nā hōʻike ʻepekema a me ka honua e kākoʻo iā lākou.

Hiki i ka ʻike ke alakaʻi i nā mea noiʻi e hoʻololi i ko lākou mau manaʻoʻiʻo e pili ana i nā ala neʻe o ka poʻe mua ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Manaʻo nui ʻia i ka wā i hele ai nā kānaka i kahi alahaka kahiko o ka ʻāina i hoʻopili ai ma Asia a me Alaska, ua neʻe lākou i ka hema me ka wāwae.

Akā, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike hou ua hoʻohana ka poʻe i nā waʻa e kaʻahele i ke kahakai, a ua hiki mai ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻāina maloʻo ma hope. Wahi a Gauvreau, "ʻO ka mea e hana nei ke hoʻololi nei i ko mākou manaʻo i ke ala i hoʻomaka mua ʻia ai ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau."

Nā hōʻike o kahi noho ʻana he 14,000 makahiki i loaʻa ma ke komohana ʻo Canada 3
ʻEli hohonu ka poʻe kālaihonua i ka lepo o ka mokupuni. © Hakai Institute

Ma mua, ua ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua loa o ka poʻe Heiltsuk ma British Columbia ma 7190 BC, ma kahi o 9,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei-he piha 5,000 mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā mea waiwai ma Triquet Island. Aia ma kahi o 50 mau kaiaulu Heiltsuk ma nā mokupuni a puni ʻo Bella Bella i ke kenekulia 18.

Ua ola lākou ma ka waiwai o ke kai a hoʻomohala i ke kālepa me nā mokupuni kokoke. I ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka Hui Hudson's Bay a me Fort McLoughlin e ka poʻe ʻEulopa, ua hōʻole ka poʻe Heiltsuk i ke kipaku ʻia a hoʻomau i ke kālepa ʻana me lākou. Paʻa ka ʻohana i ka ʻāina i koi ʻia e ka Hui Hudson's Bay i ka wā i hōʻea mai ai kona poʻe kamaʻāina.