ʻO ka honua kahi waiwai o nā mea huna a me nā mea huna, a ʻo kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā holoholona kahiko i loaʻa. mālama pono ʻia i ka hau hau.
I ka makahiki 2018, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mea kupaianaha i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kahakai o ka muliwai ʻo Tirekhtyak ma ka ʻāina ʻo Yakutia o Siberia - ke poʻo paʻa piha o kahi ʻīlio hae prehistoric.
Manaʻo ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana he ʻike koʻikoʻi no ka mea e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻike ʻike mua ʻole i ke ola o nā holoholona i ola i mau tausani makahiki i hala.
ʻO ka mea hoʻohālike, i mālama ʻia no 32,000 mau makahiki e ka permafrost o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia wale nō ke kupapaʻu ʻāpana o kahi ʻīlio hae Pleistocene steppe makua - he moʻokūʻauhau pau i kaʻawale mai nā ʻīlio hae hou - i ʻike ʻia.
ʻO ka ʻike, i paʻi mua ʻia e ka Siberian Times, manaʻo ʻia e kōkua i ka poʻe akamai i ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻīlio hae steppe mai nā mea like o kēia wā, a me ke kumu i pau ai ka ʻano.
Wahi a Marisa Iati o ka Washington Post, ua hoʻomohala piha ʻia ka ʻīlio hae i ka wā i make ai, ma kahi o 2 a 4 mau makahiki paha. ʻOiai ʻo nā kiʻi o ke poʻo i ʻoki ʻia, e kaena mau ana i nā puʻupuʻu hulu, nā niho, a me ka ihu mālama pono ʻia, kau i kona nui ma 15.7 ʻīniha ka lōʻihi - ʻo ke poʻo o ka ʻīlio hae o kēia wā, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia, he 9.1 a 11 iniha.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Love Dalén, he geneticist evolutionary ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kūlohelohe o Suedena e paʻi ana i kahi palapala moʻolelo ma Siberia i ka wā i hōʻea ai ka mea hahai holoholona ma ke kahua me ke poʻo i ke poʻo, ʻōlelo ʻo ia i nā hōʻike media e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike ma ke ʻano he "'īlio hae nunui" ʻaʻole pololei.
Wahi a Dalén, ʻaʻole ia i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻīlio hae o kēia wā inā e hoʻemi ʻoe i ka puʻupuʻu hau o ka permafrost i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi e noho mau ai ka ʻāʻī.
Wahi a CNN, ke hoʻomākaukau nei kahi hui Lūkini i alakaʻi ʻia e Albert Protopopov o ka Republic of Sakha's Academy of Sciences e kūkulu i kahi hoʻohālike kikohoʻe o ka lolo o ka holoholona a me ka loko o kona iwi poʻo.
Ma muli o ke kūlana o ka mālama ʻana o ke poʻo, ua manaʻolana ʻo ia a me kāna mau hoa e hiki ke unuhi i ka mea ola DNA a e hoʻohana iā ia no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka genome o ka ʻīlio hae e like me kā David Stanton, kahi mea noiʻi ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kūlohelohe o Suedena e alakaʻi nei i ka nānā ʻana o nā iwi. No ka manawa, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka hemo ʻana o ke poʻo o ka ʻīlio hae mai ke koena o kona kino.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tori Herridge, he mea olaola evolutionary ma London's Natural History Museum i ʻāpana o ka hui kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Siberia i ka manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana, ua manaʻo kekahi hoa hana, ʻo Dan Fisher o ke Kulanui o Michigan, ua manaʻo ʻo nā scan o ke poʻo o ka holoholona e hōʻike i nā hōʻike. Ua ʻoki ʻia ʻo ia e nā kānaka - malia paha "i ka wā e make ana ka ʻīlio hae."
Inā pēlā, ʻōlelo ʻo Herridge, e hāʻawi ka ʻike i "kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o ka pilina kanaka me nā carnivores." Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopau ʻo ia i kahi pou ma Twitter, "Ke mālama nei au i ka hoʻokolokolo a hiki i ka hana hou ʻana."
Hoʻopuka ʻo Dalén i ka kānalua o Herridge, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana "ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike i nā hōʻike e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana" iā ia e ʻoki nā kānaka i ke poʻo. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana o nā koena i loko o ka permafrost Siberian.
No ka laʻana, inā kanu hapa wale ʻia ka holoholona a laila maloʻo, ua popopo a ʻai ʻia paha ke koena o kona kino e nā mea ʻimi. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka loli ʻana o ka permafrost i nā kaukani makahiki i hiki ke naha i ke kino i mau ʻāpana.
Wahi a Stanton, ʻo nā ʻīlio hae steppe "he ʻoi aku ka nui a ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā ʻīlio hae hou." He iwi ā ākea ikaika ko nā holoholona i lako no ka hahai holoholona nui e like me nā mammoth huluhulu a me nā rhino, a e like me kā Stanton i ʻōlelo ai i ka USA Today's N'dea Yancey-Bragg, ua pau i ka make ma waena o 20,000 a 30,000 mau makahiki i hala, a i ʻole ka manawa o ka wā mua o nā ʻīlio hae. ua hiki mai ma ke kahua.
Inā kūleʻa ka poʻe noiʻi i ka unuhi ʻana i ka DNA mai ke poʻo o ka ʻīlio hae, e hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohana ia mea e hoʻoholo ai inā pili nā ʻīlio kahiko me nā mea o kēia manawa, pehea ka inbred o nā ʻano mua, a inā paha i loaʻa i ka ʻohana - a i ʻole - nā hoʻololi genetic i hāʻawi ʻia. i kona pau ana.
I kēia lā, ua hāʻawi ka Siberian permafrost i kahi ʻano o nā mea prehistoric i mālama maikaʻi ʻia: ma waena o kekahi, he keiki keiki 42,000 makahiki, he keiki liona ana, he "manu hau nani i piha i ka hulu," e like me ka Herridge i ʻōlelo ai, a "he moth Ice Age maikaʻi hoʻi."
Wahi a Dalén, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻike ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻimi manu mammoth a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka permafrost i hoʻopili ʻia me ka hoʻomehana honua.
Hoʻopau ʻo Stanton, "ʻO ke ʻano mehana ... ʻo ia ka mea e ʻike ʻia ka nui aʻe o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka wā e hiki mai ana." Ma ka manawa like, kuhikuhi ʻo ia, "Malia paha e hoʻoheheʻe ka nui o lākou a palaha (a no laila e nalowale) ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi ... a aʻo iā lākou."
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia ʻike i hana ʻia e kahi mea hahai holoholona mammoth wale nō e hoʻohui i ka ʻike. He manawa hoʻohauʻoli kēia no nā paleontologists a me nā archeologists like, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i ʻike ʻia e hoʻokau i nā palena o ko mākou ʻike i ka wā i hala. Ke kakali nei mākou i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea kupaianaha ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana!
