Ua haʻi ʻo Plato i ka moʻolelo o Atlantis ma kahi o 360 BC. ʻO nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu ʻo Atlantis, i ʻōlelo ʻo ia, he hapalua akua a he hapalua kanaka. Ua hana lākou i kahi lāhui utopian a lilo i mana nui i ka moku. He poʻe ʻenekini uila nā Atlanteans. Ma kahi o 12,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua kūkulu lākou i nā hale aliʻi, nā luakini, nā awa, nā awa a me kahi ʻōnaehana wai paʻakikī loa.
Ua ulu nā mahiʻai i ka meaʻai ma kahi māla liʻiliʻi a ma hope o ka māla, kahi i hui ai nā kuahiwi i ka lani kahi o ko ʻAtelane mau home. Ua wehewehe ʻo Platon i nā punawai nunui hale me ka wai wela a anuanu e kahe ana, nā paia i uhi ʻia me nā metala a me nā kiʻi i hana ʻia i ke gula. I kēia lā, wehewehe pinepine ʻia ʻo Atlantis ma ke ʻano he pseudo-mōʻaukala a i ʻole nā kaʻao, akā ʻo ia maoli?
Ke kumu o ka Atlantis 'Story
I loko o ʻelua mau hana nui a Plato, ʻo ka Timaeus a me ka Critias, ua wehewehe ʻo Plato i kahi lāhui kanaka Atenai ma nā kamaʻilio ma waena o Nā Critias, Hoʻokena, Timaeus a ʻO Hermocrates. Ua hōʻike ʻo Plato's Critias i ka moʻolelo o ke aupuni moku mokupuni ʻo Atlantis a me kāna hoʻāʻo ʻana e lanakila ma luna o Athens, a ua kūleʻa ʻole ia ma muli o ke kaiāulu i kauoha ʻia o ko Atenai.
ʻO Critias ka lua o kahi trilogy o nā kamaʻilio i hoʻolālā ʻia, ma mua o Timaeus a ukali ʻia e Hermocrates. ʻAʻole kākau ʻia paha ka hope a haʻalele ʻole ʻia ʻo Critias (Dialogue).
ʻO ke kanaka nāna i lawe mua i ka moʻolelo ʻo ʻAtabantis mai ʻAigupita a i Helene Solon, ka mea kau kānāwai kaulana i noho ma Helene ma waena o 630 a me 560 BC. Wahi a Plato, ua haʻi ʻo Solon i ka moʻolelo i ke kupuna kāne o nā Critias e kū nei i kēia kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana, ʻo Dropides, nāna i haʻi aku i kāna keiki, a ʻo Critias ka inoa a ʻo ka kupuna kāne o ka Critias i ke kamaʻilio. Ua haʻi hou ke kaikuaʻana ʻo Critias i ka moʻolelo i kāna moʻopuna i kona wā he 90 a ʻo 10 ka muli o Critias.
Ke kulanakauhale nalowale o Atlantis
Wahi a Critias, he kūlanakauhale Atenai nui ʻo Atlantis, a na ka lima o kānaka i hālāwai me ka luku cataclysmic ma kahi o 9,600 BC, ma mua o Plato e 9,000 mau makahiki. Ma ke aʻo ʻana a kona kupuna kāne, ua haʻi hou ʻo Critias i ka moʻolelo o kahi moʻomeheu Athena.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Critias ʻo kona kupunakāne kāne nui ʻo Solon kahi huakaʻi Greek a me ka moʻaukala no ʻAigupita, ka mea i noho a pili pū me nā kāhuna nui o ʻAigupita. Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā leo mai Solon iā Plato e Critias. Ma muli o ka manaʻo ʻia o kā Plato mau hana he moʻolelo maoli, manaʻo nui ka poʻe he ola maoli ʻo Atlantis.
Wahi a Critias, i ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Honua i waena o nā akua e ka puʻunaue ʻana. Ua mālama ke akua i nā kānaka i ko lākou mau ʻāpana e like me ka mālama ʻana o nā kahu hipa me ka mālama ʻana a me ke alakaʻi ʻana iā lākou e like me nā kahu a me nā waiwai. ʻAʻole lākou i hana i kēia me ka ikaika, akā ma ka hoʻohuli. I kēlā mau lā, ʻo nā wahi i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mokupuni ʻo Helene, he mau puʻu kiʻekiʻe i uhi ʻia i ka lepo maikaʻi.
A laila i kekahi lā, ua hiki mai ke kai a Kahinaliʻi o Deucalion hele mai la a hahau i ka honua. ʻO ke kaiakahinalii i ka wā o Deucalion i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka huhū o Zeus, i hoʻā ʻia e ka hubris o ka Pelasgians. No laila ua hoʻoholo ʻo Zeus e hoʻopau i ka makahiki keleawe. Wahi a kēia moʻolelo, ua mōhai ʻo Lycaon, ke aliʻi o Arcadia, i kahi keikikāne iā Zeus, ka mea i hoʻopūʻiwa ʻia e kēia mōhai kolohe.
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Zeus i kahi wai nui, no laila kahe nā kahawai i nā kahawai a ua kahe ke kai i ka pā kahakai, hoʻopio i nā wahi me nā ʻehu, a holoi i nā mea maʻemaʻe. A ma muli o ka holoi ʻole ʻia o ka lepo mai nā kuahiwi e pani i ka lepo i nalowale, ua ʻaihue ʻia ka lepo o kēlā ʻāina, a lilo ka hapa nui o ka wahi i ke komo ʻana mai ka maka aku, a ʻo nā mokupuni i koe i lilo i "iwi o kahi kino make. ”
ʻO ʻAtenai, i kēlā mau lā, ʻokoʻa loa. Ua waiwai ka ʻāina a lawe ʻia ka wai mai loko mai o nā kumuwai o lalo, a ua luku ʻia e ka ʻōlaʻi. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i ka lāhui o Atenai i kēlā manawa he kūpono: ke ʻimi nei i nā pono āpau, ka noho ʻana i ke akahai, a me ka maikaʻi i kā lākou hana.
A laila neʻe ʻo ia e wehewehe i ke kumu o Atlantis. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Atlantis iā Poseidon. Ua aloha ʻo Poseidon me kahi kaikamahine make i kapa ʻia ʻo Cleito - kaikamahine a Evenor lāua ʻo Leucippe - a ua hānau ʻo ia iā ia i mau keiki, a ʻo ka mea mua i kapa ʻia ʻo Atlas, ka mea i ili ke aupuni a hāʻawi ʻia i kāna hiapo no nā hanauna he nui.
Hele ʻo Critias i kahi kikoʻī i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka mokupuni ʻo Atlantis a me ka luakini iā Poseidon a me Cleito ma ka mokupuni, a pili i ka orichalcum metala kaʻao. He metala melemele waiwai nui ia i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe Helene Kahiko a me ko Roma. ʻOi aku ka waiwai o ka hao metala ma mua o ke gula.
He aha ka mea i hana nui ai ʻo Atlantis ma o ka lāhui?
Wahi a ka moʻolelo moʻokalaleo a Plato, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Atlantis, kahi pūʻali koa lehulehu i ka hopena o kona aupuni, ua hui pū me ka pōʻino kūlohelohe nui i ka wā o ka hoʻolālā i ka hoʻouka kaua iā ʻAigupita.
Mahiai, ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻia ka lāhui Athenian a hiki ke hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā mea kanu. Ua holomua loa ko lākou akamai wai, no ka mea kūkulu lākou i mau auwai he nui e hoʻoinu i ko lākou kula. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa, ua kūkulu ʻia nā waihona wai a me nā hale e like me ka Metropolis, kūkulu ʻia nā mīkini me nā hana ʻenekenekia a me nā alahaka, kākau ʻia nā ʻāpana palapala a me nā kānāwai; a ʻo ka hapanui pinepine, ua uhi ʻia ko lākou mau mea me ke keleawe, keleawe a me ke gula.
Ma muli o ka papa mōʻī a me ka papa hoʻonohonoho, ua paʻa ka kūlana Atlantis i kahi kūlana waiwai no nā wahine. ʻO ka mōʻaukala i manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lāhui āpau, noho aliʻi ʻo Atlantis i nā ʻāina āpau me kā lākou mau kānāwai empirical.
Ma waho o kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo Atlantis kahi ʻāina nui, wahi a Plato. Ma nā ana a Critias, ma kahi o 7,820,000 mau mile kuea ka nui o Atlantis - ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia ma mua o kekahi, nā ipu kai nui. ʻO nā moʻolelo a Critias i haʻi aku ai nā kāhuna Egypt e pili ana iā Atlantis ma kahi o nā Pillars of Hercules - ka Strait o Gibraltar. ʻO kēia kahi ma waena o ka Moana ʻAkelanika a me ke Kai Waihona.
I kēia lā, ua hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau hōʻike e hōʻike ana i nā paia ma lalo o ka wai a me nā alanui, a me kahi mokupuni e like me ke ʻano o Atlantis ma ke Kai Caribbean. ʻO kekahi kumumanaʻo e hiki paha ke hoʻomaha ʻo Atlantis ma ka Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a he ʻāina ma lalo ia o kahi pae mauna. ʻOiai manaʻo kekahi mau kānaka noiʻi hiki i Atlantis ma Azores, Crete a i ʻole nā Canary Islands.
Minamina, e like me ka ʻōlelo a nā kahuna Aigupita, ua kuʻi mau ʻia ʻo Atlantis e nā ʻōlaʻi pōʻino a me nā kai a Kahinaliʻi a hiki i kahi lā i hāʻule ai ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa ma lalo o ke kai a nalowale. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia lākou e ʻōlelo ana ma kahi i nalowale ai ʻo Atlantis, a lilo ia i wahi i loko o ke kai i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo ma hope o ka piholo ʻana o Atlantis ʻo ia ka mea i hana hewa loa nā kānaka, na ko lākou mau lima ponoʻī i hana i ko lākou make ponoʻī.
Panina
I ka hopena, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Atlantis i nā moʻolelo Baibala ʻo Sodoma lāua ʻo Noa. Pili pū ia me nā loli Continental i nā makahiki o ka mōʻaukala o ka honua, akā hiki maoli nō ʻo Atlantis? ʻO nā hōʻike, nā moʻokalaleo a me nā palapala akeakamai paha, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka mea i kākau ʻo Plato i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo mōʻaukala. Ke haʻi ʻia nei kēia, he aha ka ʻōlelo a Plato e hoʻāʻo nei e hōʻike i ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā kānaka?
E hoʻopau i kēia ʻatikala, e hoʻomanaʻo nei i kahi ʻōlelo no Critias, mai nā puke a Plato, "Ua hala, a e hoʻi hou, he nui nā luku o ke kanaka e kupu mai ana mai nā kumu he nui; ʻo nā mea nui i lawe ʻia mai e nā keʻena ahi a me nā wai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e nā kumu ʻē aʻe he nui ʻole.
