ʻIke ʻia ma 1995, nā monoliths ma Gobekli Tepe kekahi o nā mea pohihihi mōʻaukala nui loa o ka honua. I ka loaʻa ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ua kanu maoli ʻia i ke one, no nā kumu i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
He aha ka malihini ke kuhi ka ʻaukā kalapona i ka pūnaewele ma kahi o 12,000 mau makahiki! ʻO ke kālai pololei i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana he mea hoihoi loa. I kēia manawa ʻelima wale nō% o kēia pūnaewele hiki ʻole ke ʻeli. Hoʻolālā nā kānaka kālaiʻāina e waiho i ka hapa nui o ia mea ʻaʻole i hoʻopā ʻia e nā ʻohana e hiki mai ana i ka wā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai nā ʻenehana.
ʻO ka Discovery o Gobekli Tepe:
Ua ʻike mua nā kānaka kālaiʻike mai ke Kulanui ʻo Istanbul a me ke Kulanui o Chicago iā Gobekli Tepe i ka makahiki 1963 i ka wā o kahi ana noiʻi. Akā ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻo he mea hou aku ia ma mua o kahi ilina medieval. Ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi puʻu me nā papa pohaku uha a wāwahi ʻole a nānā hou aku, ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe i waiho ʻia i mau iwi e hoʻomaha ai i nā kenekulia i hala.
I ka makahiki 1994, ʻo Klaus Schmidt o ka German Archaeological Institute, ka mea i hana ma Nevalı Çori, e ʻimi nei i kahi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe e ʻeli ai. Ua nānā ʻo ia i nā puke archaeological ma nā wahi e pili ana, ua loaʻa ka hōʻike pōkole a nā kānaka noiʻi o 1963 Chicago no Gobekli Tepe, a ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e nānā hou i ka pūnaewele. Loaʻa iā ia nā hale like e like me Nevalı Çori, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka hiki i nā pōhaku a me nā pā i prehistoric. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻeli ma laila me ka laulima ʻana me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Şanlıurfa, a wehe koke ʻo ia i ka mua o nā kia nui e like me T. ʻO kēia wale nō ka hoʻomaka o kekahi o nā mea pohihihi mōʻaukala loa.
ʻO Gobekli Tepe - kahi ʻāpana hoihoi o ka mōʻaukala:
Aia ma ke kihi komohana ʻākau o Mesopotamia ma ka Hikina Hema ʻo Turkey, ʻo Gobekli Tepe kahi anecograp e hōʻike ana, kahi puʻu hana manuahi i kūkulu ʻia mai nā papa i hōʻiliʻili ʻia o ka millennia o ke kūkulu hale ma luna o nā wahi i hōkai ʻia o ka poʻe i hele mua.
Ma ka pae haʻahaʻa i ʻike ʻia ʻo Layer III, ʻo kāna hana kūkulu nui loa i hoʻi mai i ka 10,000 a i ka 11,000 BC, ma ka hopena o ka Ice Age. ʻO ia ka manawa ma mua o ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ke kākau ʻana, nā pono hana hao a hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka huila i ka ʻāina e 6,000 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ma o ka hana radiocarbon, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hopena o Layer III ma kahi o 9000 BC.
Hoʻohana ʻia me ka ʻenehana maʻalahi wale nō, ua hoʻohana ka poʻe hana hale kahiko i nā mea hana pōhaku e ʻokiʻoki i nā poloka nui o ka limana i nā pou, ke kau nei kēlā me kēia ma waena o 11 a me 22 mau tona. A laila hana pū nā haneli mau poʻe e hoʻoneʻe i nā kia i kēlā me kēia wahi mai 100-500 mau mika i ka pākuʻina.
Ma ka pūnaewele, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pōhaku nunui i loko o nā apo apo o ʻewalu kia kū i luna, kēlā me kēia. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pou nā pōhaku ʻelua e hana i kahi ʻano T. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻeono mau kia, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā paia haʻahaʻa, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a puni ke anapuni, a ʻelua mau pou kiʻekiʻe i kū i waenakonu. ʻO nā kia kiʻekiʻe loa i 16 kapuaʻi ke kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo nā apo nui he 65 kapuaʻi ke anawaena. I kēia lā, aneane 200 mau kia i loaʻa ma ka eli.
ʻO Gobekli Tepe Gallery:
ʻO Gobekli Tepe - Ka Luakini kahiko loa i ka Mōʻaukala Kanaka:
Kuhi ʻia e kekahi poʻe archaeologists ua hana paha ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka Gobekli Tepe ma ke ʻano he kikowaena ʻuhane i kona manawa. Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa a ma ʻō o ka manawa, ua hauʻoli ka poʻe i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kia hoʻomanaʻo nui. No ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo o ka mau makahiki o Gobekli Tepe, e noʻonoʻo i kēia kaʻina manawa:
- 1644 AD: Ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana ma ka Pā Nui o Kina me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma mua o 20,000 km.
- 1400-1600 AD: Ua kūkulu ʻia nā moai ma ka mokupuni ʻo Easter.
- 1372 AD: ʻO ka Leaning Tower, ma Pisa, Italia, i hoʻopau ʻia ma hope o 200 mau makahiki o ke kūkulu ʻana.
- 1113-1150 AD: Ua kūkulu ka Khmer o Hikina Hema Asia i ka luakini nui iā Vishnu, Angkor Vat.
- 200 AD: Ua pau ka Pyramid o ka Lā ma Teotihuacan, Mexico.
- 220 BC: Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana ma ka Pā Nui o Kina.
- 432 BC: ʻO ka "apotheosis o ka hana Helene kahiko," ʻo Parthenon, ua pau.
- 3000-1500 BC: Ma kahi o 5,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, huki ʻia kahi hui o nā Neolithic Britons pupule i nā pōhaku ʻehā tone nunui ma luna o 140 mile e kūkulu iā Stonehenge ma Salisbury Plain.
- 2550-2580 BC: ʻO ka hale kupapaʻu o Paraʻo Khufu, ka Pyramid Nui o Giza, ua hoʻopau ʻia. ʻO ia ka hana kiʻekiʻe loa i hana ʻia e ka lima kanaka a hiki i ka makahiki 1311 i ka wā i pau ai ka Hale Pule Nui ʻo Lincoln ma ʻEnelani.
- 4500-2000 BC: Ua ʻoki a kau ʻia nā Pre-Celts ma luna o 3,000 mau pōhaku ma Carnac, Palani.
- 9130-8800 BC: ʻO nā kūkulu 20 puni mua ma Gobekli Tepe i kūkulu ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hopena o ka Pleistocene a i ʻole Ice Age.
ʻO nā mea pohihihi a Gobekli Tepe i haʻalele i hope:
ʻO Gobekli Tepe, kahi paʻakikī maoli i piha i nā luakini he nui, ʻo ia paha ka luakini mua ma ka honua i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. Hōʻike nā hōʻike i loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele i hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā hana haipule. Aia ka hapanui o nā kia ma laila ma muli o ka T, a i 6 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe, a he ʻano holoholona like ʻole e like me nā bipi, nā nāhesa, nā ʻalopeke, nā liona, nā liona, a pēlā aku i kālai ʻia i loko o lākou.
ʻO ka mea kupanaha loa ke kaupaona ʻana o kekahi mau pou ma waena o 40-60 mau tona, e kuhi nei i ka manaʻo pehea e hiki ai i nā kāne prehistoric ke kūkulu i kahi kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻole ʻia ai nā mea hana maʻalahi. Wahi a ka archeology, ua manaʻo ʻia ka poʻe o ia au he poʻe ʻimi ʻimi ʻole ʻole i hoʻohana i nā mea kaua semi-blunt i hana ʻia i nā pōhaku a ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i kekahi ʻano paʻakikī ʻenehana mua.
ʻO ka mea nui o Gobekli Tepe ke waiho nei i ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe i noho ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia. Lulu wale kēia ʻike archaeological nui i kā mākou 'ʻike kuʻuna o ka lāhui kanaka' i ke kumu.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokau ka The Old Astronaut Theorists i ko lākou manaʻo paʻa e hiki i nā mea mai kahi panalā ʻē aʻe ke kōkua i ke kanaka i kēia mau wā kahiko a hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hale kupaianaha ʻaʻole wale ma Turkey wale nō, akā ma nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua.
Ka Hopena:
ʻO ke kanaka i manaʻo ʻia he kanaka ʻimi ʻimi ʻimi holoholona mua i ka manawa o kā Gobekli Tepe kūkulu. Ma mua o ka pūnaewele ka mea i aʻo ʻia i ka ʻepekema e pono ai i ke kūkulu ʻana i kekahi mea ma ka pālākiō e like me kēlā mau hale. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike ʻia ka pūnaewele ma mua o nā lā i ʻaelike ʻia no ka hana hou ʻana i nā mea noʻeau a me nā kahakaha ʻana. ʻOi aku ia ma mua o ka hana ʻana o ke kāne me nā metala a me nā ipu lepo akā hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike o kēia mau mea āpau.
ʻAʻole ka pilikia i ka noho ʻana o nā kia hoʻomanaʻo Gobekli Tepe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia ka pilikia i ka mea i nalowale, kā mākou moʻolelo i nalo. Inā mākou e nānā i hope i ka mōʻaukala e ʻike mākou he mau kaukani hanana hanana i hana ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka mōʻaukala kanaka. A inā mākou e kāpae i nā kiʻi o ke ana (ʻaʻole e hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui), ʻo ka hapa liʻiliʻi a kā mākou mōʻaukala a me nā ʻepekema e ʻike nei ʻaʻole paha ma mua o 3-10%.
Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe mōʻaukala ka hapanui o ka mōʻaukala kikoʻī kikoʻī mai nā palapala like ʻole. A ʻo ka Mesopotamian civilisation, nona ka poʻe a mākou i kapa aku ai he poʻe Sumerians, i hoʻohana mua ʻia i ka palapala kākau ma mua o 5,500 mau makahiki i hala. "Anatomically Modern homo sapiens" a i ʻole homo sapiens sapiens ua ola ma kahi o 200,000 mau makahiki i hala. No laila mai loko mai o 200k mau makahiki o ka mōʻaukala kanaka, 195.5k i palapala ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka manaʻo ma kahi o 97% o ka mōʻaukala kanaka i nalowale i kēia lā. A ke hōʻike nei ʻo Gobekli Tepe i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi akā waiwai maoli o kēlā moʻolelo nalowale.
