UXolotl – uThixo Wenja wentsomi yama-Aztec ekhokelela abafileyo kwilizwe elingaphantsi komhlaba

I-Xolotl yayinguthixo onxulunyaniswa neQuetzalcoatl, omnye woothixo ababalaseleyo kwi Oothixo beAztec, ngokweentsomi zama-Aztec. Ngokwenyani, iXolotl yayicingelwa ukuba liwele likaQuetzalcoatl.

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I-Xolotl, njengoko yapapashwa okokuqala kwiCodex Fejervary-Mayer, inkulungwane ye-15, umbhali akaziwa. © Wikimedia Commons

Ngokungafaniyo nomntakwabo, uXolotl, nangona kunjalo, unxulunyaniswa neempawu ezimbi, ezinokubonakala kwimeko yomzimba kunye nendlela amelwe ngayo kwenye indawo. Nokuba yeyiphi na imeko, iXolotl ngumntu obalulekileyo kwiintsomi zeAztec kwaye kwenzeka kumabali amaninzi.

Umlilo kunye nombane. Izinja kunye nokukhubazeka

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IXolotl, eboniswe kwifom yamathambo. EMexico ngaphambi kowe-1521, iLesmuseum Museum Württemberg (Stuttgart) Kunstkammer. © Wikimedia Commons

IXolotl yayinqulwa ngama-Aztec njengothixo wombane nomlilo. Wayenxulunyaniswa nezinja, amawele, ukukhubazeka, izifo kunye nentlekele. Le mibutho inokujongwa ngendlela i-Xolotl emelwe ngayo kunye namabali avela kuwo. Kubugcisa bama-Aztec, umzekelo, lo thixo uboniswa rhoqo enentloko yenja.

Ngapha koko, igama elithi 'xolotl' linokuthetha ukuba 'yinja' ngesiNahuatl, ulwimi lwama-Aztec. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinja zazithathwa ngokungathandekiyo ngama-Aztec njengezilwanyana ezimdaka. Ngenxa yoko, ubudlelwane beXolotl kunye nezinja abuthandeki kwaphela.

UThixo ogulayo

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Umzobo weXolotl, omnye wezithixo ezichazwe kwiCodex Borgia, Pre-Columbian. © Wikimedia Commons

Ubudlelwane bukaXolotl kunye nokugula kunokujongwa kwinto yokuba uboniswa njengonobunono, umzimba wamathambo, ngelixa iinyawo zakhe ezibuyela umva kunye neziseko zamehlo ezingenanto zibonisa ubudlelwane bakhe kunye nokungaqhelekanga. Kukho intsomi malunga nendlela iXolotl eyafumana ngayo imingxunya yamehlo engenanto. Abanye oothixo kule ntsomi bavumile ukuzincama ukuze benze abantu. Esi siko sasitsibiwe nguXolotl, owayelila kakhulu kangangokuba amehlo akhe aphuma kwiziseko zabo.

Indima kwiBali leNdalo

Xa oothixo bavelisa iLanga lesiHlanu kwimbali yendalo efanayo nale ichazwe kumhlathi ongaphambili, bafumanisa ukuba ayishukumi. Ngenxa yoko, bagqiba kwelokuba bazincame ukuze bahambise iLanga. UXolotl wakhonza njengombulali, waxhela oothixo ngabanye. Kwezinye iinguqulelo zentsomi, iXolotl iyazibulala ekugqibeleni, njengoko bekufanele ukuba njalo.

Kwezinye iinguqulelo, iXolotl idlala indima yomkhohlisi, ebaleka umbingelelo ngokuqala atshintshe ibe sisityalo sombona esincinci (xolotl), emva koko abe yi-agave (mexolotl), kwaye agqibe kwisalamander (axolotl). Ekugqibeleni, u-Xolotl akazange akwazi ukubaleka kwaye wabulawa sisithixo u-Ehecatl-Quetzalcoatl.

IXolotl kunye neQuetzacoatl

UXolotl-uThixo weNja yentsomi yama-Aztec ekhokelela abafileyo kwihlabathi elingaphantsi 1
Unkulunkulu wama-Aztec kunye newele leXolotl, iQuetzalcoatl eTeotihuacan. © Pixabay

Nangona iiAztec zazicinga ukuba amawele ayinto engalunganga, iwele likaXolotl, uQuetzalcoatl, wayehlonitshwa njengomnye wezithixo ezinamandla. IXolotl kunye neQuetzalcoatl zenzeka kunye kwiimbali ezininzi. UCoatlicue (okuthetha “umbhinqo wenyoka”), isithixokazi somhlaba sokuqala, kukholelwa ukuba wazala oothixo ababini.

Ngokwenye inguqulelo yebali elaziwayo malunga nemvelaphi yoluntu, uQuetzalcoatl kunye nohambo lwakhe lwamawele oluya eMictlan (iAztec underworld), ukuqokelela amathambo abafileyo ukuze kuzalwe abantu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iXolotl ikwanoxanduva lokuzisa umlilo ovela phantsi kwelabafileyo ebantwini.

I-Xolotl kunye neQuetzalcoatl kwakucingelwa ukuba zizigaba ezingamawele eVenus, kuba ama-Aztec ayekholelwa ukuba eyokuqala yayiyinkwenkwezi yokuhlwa kwaye eyokugqibela yayiyinkwenkwezi yakusasa. Indima ebalulekileyo yokukhokela kunye nokulinda iLanga kuhambo lwayo lobusuku lokukhohlisa kwilizwe lomfi lawela kwiXolotl njengenkwenkwezi yangokuhlwa.

Mhlawumbi kwakungenxa yolu xanduva ama-Aztec amjonga njenge-psychopomp, okanye umntu ohambisa abantu abasanda kusweleka kuhambo lwabo ukuya kwelabafileyo.

Ukushwankathela, uXolotl wayengenguye omnye woothixo abanethamsanqa kakhulu baseAztec, enikwa zonke izinto ezoyikisayo awayenxulunyaniswa nazo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiintsomi zama-Aztec, njengoko wayekhokela iLanga kuhambo lwalo lobusuku kwilizwe labaphantsi, kwaye wabakhokela nabafileyo ukuya kwindawo yabo yokugqibela yokuphumla.