IWiltshire yaziwa kakuhle ngeebhara zayo zeBronze Age, ngakumbi ezo zifumaneka ngaphakathi kweNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi. Stonehenge nakwii-chalklands zaseCranborne Chase. Ngokwahlukileyo, kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga neziza ezifanayo kufutshane nesixeko samaxesha aphakathi eSalisbury.
kunjalo, KwiVistry's Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esitsha sezindlu zokuhlala kumda weHarnham, ihlomela ledolophu esemazantsi eSalisbury, kuvumele ukuba kuvunjululwe inxalenye yentsalela yengcwaba elikhulu elingqukuva kunye nembonakalo yomhlaba yalo.
Iibhawu ezirawundi zazenziwe ekuqaleni ngexesha le-Neolithic, kodwa uninzi lwenziwa ngexesha le-Beaker kunye ne-Bronze Ages yamandulo (2400 - 1500 BC) kwaye ibandakanya ingcwaba eliphakathi, induli, kunye nomjelo ovalekileyo.
I-diameter yabo inokususela ngaphantsi kwe-10m ukuya kwi-50m emangalisayo, kunye nobuninzi be-avareji ye-20-30m. Imisebenzi yabo yomhlaba yohluka ngokunjalo, ezinye zineenduli ezinkulu ezisembindini ('iibhara zentsimbi'), ezinye zineenduli ezincinci ezingundoqo kunye neebhanki ezingaphandle ('iibhara zediskhi'), ukanti ezinye zinemingxuma esembindini ('iibhara zechibi').
Imingxuma yabo yayiza kuvelisa izinto zenduli yebhara, eyayiza kwakhiwa ngetshokhwe, ukungcola, kunye ne-turf. Iibhare zidla ngokudityaniswa namangcwaba; abanye baquka umntu omnye kuphela, ngelixa abanye benothotho lwemingcwabo kwaye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, imingcwabo emininzi.
Iibhara zeNdlela yaseNetherhampton zonke zaye zalungiswa ngeenkulungwane zokulima kwaye ngoku ziyimisele nje, nangona imingcwabo elishumi elinanye kunye nokutshiswa kwezidumbu ezintathu ezingazange zijikwe.
Indawo yamangcwaba iqulathe malunga namashumi amabini okanye ngaphezulu iibhara ezisuka kumda weHarnham kumgangatho wentlambo yaseNadder, ukunyusa nokunqumla induli ejikelezileyo yetshokhwe kwindawo ekumda osemantla wenkangeleko yomhlaba yeCranborne Chase.
Abembi bezinto zakudala bemba kuphela iibhara ezintlanu zamangcwaba, ezilungelelaniswe ngokwamaqela amancinane ezibini okanye amaqela amathandathu okanye anjalo. Ubuncinci iibhara zethu ezintathu zandiswe ngokuphawulekayo, kwaye enye yaqala ngomsele ombhoxo kancinane owathi ekugqibeleni wathatyathelw’ indawo ngumsele okufutshane-ojikelezayo.
Ubume be-oval bucebisa ukuba ibhala yamva yayiyi-Neolithic, okanye yakhiwe kwindawo ye-Neolithic. Ingcwaba elikhulu kwiziko lalo lalinamathambo abantu abadala kunye nabantwana; amangcwaba anjalo aqhelekanga, kwaye ekunqongophelweni kwempahla yamangcwaba, iya kujoliswa kwi-radiocarbon dating. Ibhere iveze amanye amangcwaba amabini, omabini anemingcwabo yaseBeaker, ekunokwenzeka ukuba yaveliswa ekuqaleni kweBronze Age.
Ibhara embhoxo inqumle imingxuma yeNeolithic eneendawo zokufihla iinyamakazi ezibomvu. Inyama yexhama yayixatyiswe kakhulu kwaye yayisetyenziselwa ukwakha iipeki zezandla okanye iifolokhwe kunye neeharika ezinemiqheba yomthi oqinileyo othe ngqo. Ikwayenziwe iikama kunye nezikhonkwane, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezinjengeentloko zemace kunye neematto, kwaye yayisetyenziswa kwizithethe.
Iingcali zethambo lezilwanyana kunye neengcali zamathambo asebenzayo ziya kuhlolisisa ezi zinto ukuze zibone ukuba kukho nabuphi na ubungqina obucacileyo bokwaphuka ngabom okanye iipateni zokunxiba. Ezi zinokubonisa uhlengahlengiso losetyenziso, olufana neentsimbi kunye neentsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukunqunqa ilitye lenyengane, njengeehamile, okanye ukugqabhuka koxinzelelo lwelitye lelitye ukwenza izixhobo.
Ezinye iibhara ezimbini ezingabamelwane zazingenamangcwaba, mhlawumbi ngenxa yomonakalo owabangelwa kukulima kangangeenkulungwane. Ezi zintathu ziyinxalenye yeqela elibanzi leebhara, kunye nezinye ezintathu okanye ezine ezibonakalayo njengeempawu zezityalo kwicala elingasentla leNdlela iNetherhampton.
Isakhiwo esinokuba nokutshona-esinokuthi sisetyenziswe njengendawo yokuhlala, indawo yokusebenzela, okanye ivenkile kunye nomngxuma wamanzi nazo zafunyanwa kule ndawo yesiza. Abaphandi bafumene amaplanga asebenzayo agcinwe ngamanzi, kunye ne-Saxon pottery, kunye neentsimbi zentsimbi, kwaye zinokuqokelelwa iiseramics zaseRoma, ezantsi komngxuma wamanzi.
Ummandla wesibini uveze ithala lokulima ('lynchet') elinokuba lixesha lasemva kwexesha le-Iron Age, nto leyo ingaqhelekanga eWiltshire, kunye nommandla wasemva kwexesha leBronze Age ukuya kwindawo yokuhlala ene-Iron Age enemingxuma engaphezu kwama-240 kunye nemingxuma yezithuba.
Imingxuma ubukhulu becala yayisetyenziselwa ukulahla inkunkuma, nangona eminye isenokuba yayisetyenziselwa ukugcina okuziinkozo; izinto ezifunyenwe kule mingxuma ziya kunika ubungqina bendlela olu luntu lwaluphila kwaye lwaluwulima ngayo umhlaba.
Ummandla we-2 kukwalapho i-archeologists yafumanisa khona iibhara eziseleyo. Omnye yayingumsele olula owakrolwa kwidiphozithi yokuqala yokuhlamba iinduli; amangcwaba okutshiswa kwezidumbu afunyanwa ngaphakathi najikelele kulo msele.
Enye ibhere yayikrolwe kwitshokhwe kwaye iziko layo labekwa kwindawo ethobekileyo, ephakamisa umbono ukusuka kumhlaba osezantsi wentlambo yoMlambo iNadder.
Embindini wayo kwakukho umngcwabo womntwana, owawukhatshwa sisitya esiphathwayo sohlobo lwe-'Yorkshire', esathiywa ngolo hlobo ngenxa yeprofayile yaso egobileyo kunye nobungakanani bokuhombisa.
Olu hlobo lwesikhephe, njengoko negama lisitsho, luxhaphake kakhulu kumantla eNgilani kwaye lusenokuba luphawu lokuba abantu bahambe imigama emide.
Uhlalutyo lwe-isotopes lwamathambo lunokuxelela ukuba umntwana wazalelwa kwindawo okanye wakhuliswa kwenye indawo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, nabani na owadala imbiza engcwatywe nebhokhwe wayeqhelene neengqayi ezingezizo zendawo.
Le bhawa ibonakalisa imingxuma ye-Neolithic equlathe i-Grooved Ware pottery, eyaqala kwiidolophu ezininzi e-Orkney malunga ne-3000 BC ngaphambi kokuba isasazeke kulo lonke elaseBritani nase-Ireland.
Iphinde yasetyenziswa ngabakhi beStonehenge kunye nehenge enkulu ebiyelweyo yeDurrington Walls kunye neAvebury. Ezi ziqulatho zemingxuma zihlala ziqulathe imikhondo yezinto eziqhekeziweyo nezitshileyo, intsalela yezidlo, kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo ezingaqhelekanga okanye zasemzini.
Imingxuma ye-Netherhampton ayihlukanga, inika iqokobhe le-scallop, ibhola yodongwe enomdla, i-denticulate encinci' - ngokusisiseko isarha yelitye lenyengane - kunye neentolo ezintathu zeBritish Oblique, ezazidumile kulo lonke ixesha laLate Neolithic.
Xa ukumbiwa kwangoku kugqityiwe, iqela lasemva kokumba liya kuqalisa ukuhlalutya nokuphanda izinto ezigrunjiweyo.
Oku kufunyenweyo kunokukhanyisa ukukhanya okutsha malunga nokuba kwakunjani ubomi kule ndawo ngexesha leBronze Age kunye nendlela abantu ababephila ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana omnye nomnye. Sivuyiswa kukubona enye into evunjululwayo njengoko abembi bezinto zakudala beqhubeka nokusebenza kwisiza.
