Emva phayaa ngowe-1950, kumbindi womqolomba oseCzechia (iRiphabliki yaseCzech), abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumanisa into ebangel’ umdla. Into abayivumbululayo yayilukakayi, oluqhawulwe kakuhle, luveza ibali elimangalisayo. Ekuqaleni, kwakucingelwa ukuba ezi ntsalela zamathambo zezabantu ababini abahlukeneyo ngenxa yemeko yolwahlulo lwentloko. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba kudlule amashumi eminyaka, abaphandi baqalisa ulandelelwano lwe-genome, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwisiphumo esimangalisayo. Ngokuchaseneyo neenkolelo zangaphambili, olu kakayi lodwa ngokwenene lwalungowomphefumlo omnye; ibhinqa elalikho kwiminyaka engama-45,000 XNUMX eyadlulayo.
Abaphandi bamthiya igama lomfazi onguZlatý kůň, okanye “ihashe legolide” ngesiCzech, ekunqwaleni kwinduli ephezu kwenkqubo yomqolomba. Uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lweDNA yakhe lubonise ukuba I-genome ithwele malunga ne-3% ye-Neanderthal, ukuba wayeyinxalenye yabantu bakudala bale mihla ekusenokwenzeka ukuba batshata neeNeanderthals kwaye igenome yakhe yayiyeyona genome yanamhlanje yakudala eyakha yalandelelana.
Nangona kuninzi okufundiweyo ngemfuza yeli bhinqa, kuncinane okwaziwayo ngendlela elisenokuba lalikhangeleka ngayo. Kodwa ngoku, entsha iphepha le-intanethi epapashwe ngoJulayi 18 inika ingqiqo entsha kwinkangeleko yakhe enokwenzeka ngendlela yokulinganisa ubuso.
Ukudala ukufana kwalo mfazi, abaphandi basebenzisa idatha eqokelelwe kwiiskena ezininzi ezikhoyo ze-computed tomography (CT) zokakayi eziyinxalenye yedatha ye-intanethi. Noko ke, njengabembi bezinto zakudala abaye bammba amasalela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-70 eyadlulayo, bafumanisa ukuba iziqwenga zokakayi zazingekho, kuquka inxalenye enkulu yecala lasekhohlo lobuso bakhe.
Ngokutsho kombhali-mbhali wolu phando, uCícero Moraes, ingcali yemizobo yaseBrazil, "Into enomdla yolwazi malunga nokhakhayi kukuba yahluthwa sisilwanyana emva kokufa kwakhe, esi silwanyana sasinokuba yingcuka okanye ingcuka ( bobabini babekho kwizilwanyana ngelo xesha).
Ukutshintsha iinxalenye ezilahlekileyo, uMoraes kunye neqela lakhe basebenzise idatha yezibalo ehlanganiswe ngo-2018 ngabaphandi abenze ukwakhiwa kwakhona kokakayi. Baye babonisana nee-CT scans ezimbini - zowesifazane kunye nendoda yanamhlanje - njengoko bedala ubuso bedijithali.
“Eyona nto yatsala umdla wethu kukuqina kobuso, ngakumbi umhlathi ongezantsi,” utshilo uMoraes. “Xa abembi bezinto zakudala bafumana olu kakayi, iingcali zokuqala ezaluhlalutyayo zacinga ukuba yindoda yaye kulula ukusiqonda isizathu. Ukongeza kukhakhayi oluneempawu ezihambelana kakhulu nesini sendoda sabemi bangoku, "okubandakanya umhlathi "owomeleleyo".
"Siyabona ukuba umhlathi we-Zlatý kůň uvame ukuhambelana ne-Neanderthals," wongezelela.
I-jawline eyomeleleyo yayingeyiyo yodwa into eyathimba ingqalelo yabaphandi. Baye bafumanisa ukuba umthamo we-endocranial womfazi, umngxuma apho ubuchopho buhleli khona, wawumkhulu kunowabantu bale mihla abakwisiseko sedatha. Nangona kunjalo, uMoraes uthi le nto ibangelwa "kubudlelwane obukhulu phakathi kweZlatý kůň kunye neNeanderthals kunaphakathi kwakhe nabantu banamhlanje," watsho.
"Sakuba sinobuso obusisiseko, senze imifanekiso enenjongo ngakumbi kunye nesayensi, ngaphandle kombala (kwi-grayscale), ngamehlo avaliweyo kwaye ngaphandle kweenwele," kusho uMoraes. “Kamva, senze inguqulelo eqikelelwayo enolusu olunemibala, amehlo avulekileyo, uboya kunye neenwele. Injongo yesibini kukwenza ukuba abantu ngokubanzi baqonde ngakumbi.”
Umphumo ngumfanekiso ophilayo womfazi oneenwele ezimnyama, ezigobileyo kunye namehlo amdaka.
"Sijonge izinto ezinokuqulunqa ubume obubonakalayo bobuso kuphela kwinqanaba lokuqikelela kuba akukho datha inikezelweyo malunga nokuba yintoni umbala wesikhumba, iinwele kunye namehlo," utshilo uMoraes.
U-Cosimo Posth, i-archaeologist efunde u-Zlatý kůň ngokubanzi kodwa akazange athathe inxaxheba kuphononongo, uqinisekise ukuba okuninzi malunga nalo mfazi kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo.
“Idatha yofuzo evela ku-Zlatý kůň endisebenze kuyo ayinakusixelela kakhulu ngeempawu zobuso bakhe. Ngokombono wam, idatha ye-morphological inokubonelela ngengcamango efanelekileyo malunga nokuba imilo yentloko yakhe kunye nobuso yayinokuba yintoni kodwa kungekhona ukubonakaliswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezicubu zakhe ezithambileyo, "watsho uPosth, unjingalwazi wezinto zakudala kwiYunivesithi yaseTübingen eJamani.
