Iired dwarfs zezona nkwenkwezi zixhaphakileyo kumnyele wethu. Zincinci kwaye zipholile kuneLanga, inani labo eliphezulu lithetha ukuba iiplanethi ezininzi ezinjengoMhlaba ezifunyenwe ngoku zizazinzulu zikwi-orbit kwenye yazo. Ingxaki kukuba, ukugcina amaqondo obushushu avumela ubukho bamanzi alulwelo, imeko ebalulekileyo yobomi, ezi planethi kufuneka zijikeleze kufutshane kakhulu neenkwenkwezi zazo, ngakumbi, enyanisweni, kunokuba uMhlaba uyenza kwiLanga.
Icala elisezantsi lelokuba ii-dwarfs ezibomvu ziyakwazi ukuvelisa amadangatye amakhulu, anobundlobongela ngakumbi kwaye anamandla kunezo ziqaliswe liLanga lethu elinoxolo, kwaye oko kwenze izazinzulu zithandabuza amandla azo okusingatha iiplanethi ezikwaziyo ukugcina ubomi.
Ichaphazela njani amadangatye?
Akuyomfihlo ukuba, ubukhulu becala, ubomi eMhlabeni buxhomekeke kumandla yenkwenkwezi ukuze bubekho. Oko akuthethi ukuba ngamanye amaxesha, njengoko zonke iinkwenkwezi zisenza, iLanga livelisa ubuchule balo kwaye lisithumelela amadangatye anamandla anamandla okwenza izityalo zethu zamandla kunye nothungelwano lwezonxibelelwano lungasebenzi. Phezu kwako nje oku, iLanga libuthathaka xa lithelekiswa nezinye iinkwenkwezi. Kwaye phakathi kwezona zinobundlobongela, ngokuchanekileyo, i-red dwarfs.
Ngoku, iqela labaphandi liye lafunda ukuba umsebenzi wale midanga unokuwuchaphazela njani umoya ojikeleze umhlaba kunye namandla okuxhasa ubomi bezijikelezi-langa ezifana nezethu ezijikeleza iinkwenkwezi ezinobunzima obuphantsi. Babonise iziphumo zabo ngolwesiThathu e Intlanganiso yama-235 yeAmerican Astronomical Society e Honolulu. Umsebenzi usandula ukupapashwa kwi Nature Astronomy.
Ngamazwi ka-Allison Youngblood, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi kwiYunivesithi yaseColorado eBoulder kunye nomlobi-mbhali wesifundo, “ILanga lethu sisigebenga esizolileyo. Indala kwaye ayisebenzi njengeenkwenkwezi ezincinci, ezincinci. Ukongeza, uMhlaba unekhaka lemagnethi elinamandla elijikisa uninzi lwemimoya eyonakalisayo evela eLangeni. Umphumo waba sisijikelezi-langa, esethu, esinyakazela zizinto eziphilayo.”
Kodwa kwiiplanethi ezijikeleza ii-dwarfs ezibomvu, imeko yahluke kakhulu. Enyanisweni, siyazi ukuba amadangatye elanga kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-coronal mass ejections ekhutshwa zezi nkwenkwezi kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kwithemba lobomi kula mazwe, amaninzi awo angenazo izikhuselo zemagneti. Ngokwenene, ngokutsho kwababhali, ezi ziganeko zinempembelelo enkulu ekuhlaleni kweeplanethi.
Amadangatye okugqibela kunye nokutshizwa kwexesha (njengoko kwenzeka ngeLanga) akuyongxaki. Kodwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezibomvu ezibomvu, lo msebenzi uqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo, kunye nokuvutha rhoqo kunye nexesha elide. Kwisifundo, utsho uHoward Chen weYunivesithi yaseNorthwestern kunye nombhali wokuqala wephepha, “Sithelekise ubume bomoya wezijikelezi-langa ezihlala zivutha amadangatyana nezijikelezi-langa ezingenawo amadangatye. I-chemistry ye-atmospheric yexesha elide ihluke kakhulu. Amadangatye aqhubekayo, ngokungathi kunjalo, atyhalela phambili ukwakheka kweatmosfera yesijikelezi-langa kulungelelwaniso olutsha lwemichiza.”
Ithemba lobomi
Iozone ekwiatmosfera, ekhusela isijikelezi-langa kwimitha yelanga eyingozi ye<em>ultraviolet, inokutshatyalaliswa ngenxa yomlilo ovuthayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokufunda kwabo abaphandi bamangaliswa: kwezinye iimeko, i-ozone iqhubekile nangona i-flare.
Ngamazwi kaDaniel Horton, umbhali okhokelayo wophando, “Sifumanise ukuba ugqabhuko-dubulo lweenkwenkwezi lusenokungabakhupheli bucala ubukho bobomi. Kwezinye iimeko, ukutshisa akuyi kutshabalalisa yonke i-ozone ye-atmospheric. Ubomi phezu komhlaba basenokufumana ithuba lokulwa. "
Olunye uhlangothi oluhle lophononongo kukufumanisa ukuba ukuhlalutya kwe-solar flares kunokunceda ekufuneni ubomi. Ngapha koko, amadangatye anokwenza kube lula ukubona ezinye iigesi ezizii-biomarkers. Abaphandi bafumanisa, umzekelo, ukuba i-stellar flare inokugqamisa ubukho beegesi ezifana ne-nitric acid, i-nitrous dioxide kunye ne-nitrous oxide, enokuthi iveliswe yinkqubo yezinto eziphilayo kwaye ngoko ibonisa ubukho bobomi.
"Imeko yemozulu yendawo," utshilo uChen, "zisoloko zibonwa njengemfanelo yokuhlala. Kodwa uphononongo lwethu ngokobungakanani lubonise ukuba ezi ziganeko zinokusinceda sibone iisignisha ezibalulekileyo zerhasi ezinokubonisa iinkqubo zebhayoloji.”
